康曉書

how的語言交際功能很強(qiáng)?，F(xiàn)將初中英語教材中用how進(jìn)行交際的用法歸納如下，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。

一、how意為“如何、怎么樣”，可用于以下場(chǎng)合：

1. 初次見面時(shí)相互問好。例如：

—How do you do？你好！

—How do you do？你好！

2. 詢問健康狀況。例如：

—How are you？你(身體)好嗎？

—Fine，thank you. 很好，謝謝。

—How is your grandfather？你爺爺(身體)好嗎？

—Hes fine/OK/well，thanks. 他很好，謝謝。

3. 詢問做事的方式、手段。例如：

—How do you usually go to school？你通常怎樣去上學(xué)？

—I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。

—How did you get here？你是怎樣到這兒來的？

—This little girl brought me here. 這個(gè)小女孩帶我來的。

—How do you keep in touch with Tom？你是怎樣與湯姆保持聯(lián)系的？

—By sending e-mails. 通過發(fā)電子郵件。

4. 征求意見。例如：

—How about seeing Beijing Opera？去看京劇怎么樣？

—That sounds great. 好極了。

5. 詢問天氣。例如：

—How is the weather today？今天天氣怎么樣？

—Its fine. 天氣晴朗。

6. 詢問情況。例如：

—Hows it going？近況如何？

—Pretty good. 相當(dāng)好。

—How are you getting on with your classmates？你和你的同班同學(xué)相處得怎樣？

—Im getting on well with them. 我和他們相處得很好。

—How is your study these days？近來你的學(xué)習(xí)情況怎么樣？

—Im good at all the subjects. 我各門功課學(xué)得都很好。

7. 詢問程度。例如：

—How do you like this place of interest？你覺得這個(gè)景點(diǎn)怎么樣？

—I like it very much. 我非常喜歡。

8. 對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)。例如：

—How were the beaches？你覺得海灘怎么樣？

—They were fantastic. 好極了。

—How do you like the action movie？你覺得這部動(dòng)作片怎么樣？

—Its very exciting. 非常激動(dòng)人心。

二、how意為“多么”，引起感嘆句。例如：

How interesting the book is！ 多有趣的書啊！

How well he sings！ 他唱得多好??！

三、用how構(gòu)成的短語進(jìn)行交際，有以下用法：

1. how old意為“多大”，詢問年齡。例如：

—How old is your uncle？你叔叔多大了？

—Hes forty-five (years old). 他四十五歲了。

2. 詢問數(shù)量。

① how many意為“多少”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

—How many photos do you have？你有多少張照片？

—I have four. 我有四張。

② how much意為“多少”，后面跟不可數(shù)名詞。例如：

—How much milk is there in the bottle？瓶子里有多少牛奶？

—There is only a little in it. 只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

3. how much意為“多少”，詢問價(jià)錢。例如：

—How much is the sweater？買這件毛衣得多少錢？

—Its 30 dollars. 30美元。

—How much are the shorts？買那件短褲得多少錢？

—They are 50 yuan. 50元錢。

4. how long意為“多長”，詢問物體的長度。它也表示“多久”的意思，詢問(某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))持續(xù)了“多長時(shí)間”。例如：

—How long is the table？這張桌子有多長？

—Its about 2 meters long. 大約兩米長。

—How long have you lived here？你在這兒住多久了？

—For 23 years. 23年了。

5. how tall或how high意為“多高”，詢問人或物體的高度。例如：

—How tall is your teacher？你的老師身高是多少？

—Hes about 1.8 meters tall. 大約一米八。

—How tall is the tree？那棵樹有多高？

—Its around 20 meters tall. 大約20米高。

—How high is the building？那幢樓有多高？

—More than 50 meters high. 有50多米高。

6. how heavy意為“多重”，詢問重量。例如：

—How heavy is the bag？這個(gè)包有多重？

—Its 20 kilometers heavy. 有20公斤重。

7. how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”，詢問距離。例如：

—How far is it from your home to the school？你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？

—Its about 2 kilometers. 大約兩公里遠(yuǎn)。

—How far is your hospital from the post office？你們醫(yī)院離郵局有多遠(yuǎn)？

—Its about 5 minutes walk. 步行大約得五分鐘。

8. how often意為“多長時(shí)間(一次)”，詢問動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。例如：

—How often do you go home？你多長時(shí)間回一次家？

—Once a week. 一周一次。

9. how many times意為“多少次”，詢問動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)。例如：

—How many times have you been to Beijing？你去過北京幾次？

—Three times. 三次。

10. how soon意為“多久之后”，對(duì)“in + 段時(shí)間”提問。例如：

—How soon will your husband come back？你丈夫多久才能回來？

—Hell come back in 3 days. 他三天以后回來。

試題精選：

1. (2007河北省)_______ pretty your dress is！ Where did you get it？

A. How B. How a

C. What D. What a

2. (2007吉林省) —The blue jacket looks nice on you._______ is it？

—Its 50 dollars.

A. How many B. How much

C. How long D. How often

3. (2006安徽省) —Its hot today. How about going swimming after school？

—_______！ Lets ask Daniel to go with us.

A. Thats OK B. Best wishes

C. Good luck D. Good idea

4. (2006廣東省) How many_______ are there in the international village？

A. Chinese B. Russian C. American

5. (2005杭州市) —Hello！ I havent seen you for years.

—Oh，John._______？

A. How are you B. How do you do

C. How about you D. What are you

6. (2006福建省) —_______do you study English？

—By listening to tapes.

A. How B. Where C. When D. Why

7. (2006昆明市) —How was your day off，Gloria？

—It was_______. I had a fantastic time.

A. terrible B. so-so C. awful D. great

8. (2007廣東省) —_______will you stay in Shenzhen for your holiday？

—For about two weeks.

A. How often B. How long

C. How soon D. What time

9. (2007云南省課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)) —Hi，Mike！ Hows it going？

—_______. Everything goes well.

A. Terrible B. Just so-so

C. Pretty good D. Too bad

10. (2007威海市) —_______is the train station from the post office，do you know？

—About twenty-minute bike ride.

A. How much B. How long

C. How soon D. How far

11. (2003寧夏回族自治區(qū)) —How do you get on with your classmates？

—_______.

A. Very well B. Well done

C. Thats OK D. Im well

12. (2007臨汾市) —I wonder_______.

—Once a year.

A. how long you have studied English

B. how often your school sports meeting is held

C. how many times your school has held Art Festival

13. (2005云南省) —Hi，Mary._______？

—Not so well. I cant keep up with the other students.

A. How long have you studied chemistry

B. Who is teaching you chemistry

C. How is your chemistry study going

14. (2006蘭州市) —How do you like the movie？

—_______.

A. Its wonderful B. What about you

C. No，I dont like it at all D. Id like to see it tomorrow

15. (2007濰坊市) —_______do you go shopping with your mother？

—I seldom do that.

A. How soon B. How far

C. How often D. How much

16. (2006北京市) —John has hurt his leg.

—Really？_______？

A. Who did that B. How did that happen

C. Whats wrong with him D. Why was he so careless

17. (2005甘肅省) —_______will Mr Green be back？

—In a week，I think.

A. How often B. How many

C. How long D. How soon

18. (2004資陽市) I cant say_______ I want to visit my grandma. Its a long time since we met last.

A. how often B. how long

C. how soon D. how much

Key：1-5 ABDAA 6-10 ADBCD 11-15 ABCAC 16-18 BDD