院士風(fēng)采

黃子卿1900.01.02～1982.07.23

化學(xué)家。廣東梅縣人。1921年畢業(yè)于清華學(xué)堂。1924年在美國(guó)威斯康辛大學(xué)化學(xué)系畢業(yè)，獲理學(xué)士學(xué)位；1925年在康乃爾大學(xué)化學(xué)系獲碩士學(xué)位；1935年在麻省理工學(xué)院獲博士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授。畢生從事物理化學(xué)的教學(xué)和研究，在溶液理論和熱力學(xué)方面的研究尤為突出。1938年所發(fā)表論文《水的三相點(diǎn)溫度》，被國(guó)際上公認(rèn)為出色的成果，其測(cè)定數(shù)值（0.00980℃）被國(guó)際溫標(biāo)會(huì)議采納，定位國(guó)際溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，他本人因此被選入美國(guó)的《世界名人錄》。1956年編著出版的《物理化學(xué)》是第一步高水平的中文物理化學(xué)教科書。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Meixian, Guangdong Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1921. Received B.Sc. from the University of Wisconsin in 1924, M.Sc. from the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University in 1925 and Ph.D. from MIT, USA in 1935. Professor, Peking University.

Huang had dedicated his whole life to the teaching and research on physical chemistry. His outstanding work was in the study of the theory of solution and thermodynamics. His wellknown paper “Determination of Triplepoint of Ice-Water-Vapor”came out in 1938 and the value(0.0098℃ ) was adopted by international temperature standard organizations. His name was included in th “World Biography” published in USA. He compiled “Physical Chemistry” in 1956 which was the first best textbook of physical chemistry in Chinese.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

黃鳴龍1898.07.03～1979.07.01

化學(xué)家。江蘇揚(yáng)州人。1924年獲德國(guó)柏林大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所研究員。早年，研究過中藥延胡索和細(xì)辛中的有效成分。后研究甾族化學(xué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了甾族中的雙烯酮酚反應(yīng)，并應(yīng)用于山道年及其一類物的立體化學(xué)的研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)山道年的四個(gè)類似物在酸、堿作用下可以“成圈”地轉(zhuǎn)變，由此推斷出其相對(duì)構(gòu)型，使后來國(guó)內(nèi)外在解決山道年和一類物的絕對(duì)構(gòu)想和全合成有了理論依據(jù)。改良了開息納爾沃爾夫還原法，被稱為“黃鳴龍改良還原法”，已被編入各國(guó)有機(jī)化學(xué)教科書中。利用薯蕷皂素為原料，七步合成了可的松，并很快投入了生產(chǎn)，是我國(guó)甾族激素藥物工業(yè)的奠基人。后又研制了中國(guó)首創(chuàng)口服避孕藥甲地孕酮和其他幾種主要甾族計(jì)劃生育藥物。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Organic chemist. Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province.Received Ph.D. from the University of Beriln, Germany in 1924.Research professor, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Huang’s early work was concerned with the research on the effective components of Chinese herbs, such as corydalis and asarum. He studied the chemistry of steroids and found the dienone-phenol neaviangement, with which he studied the stereochemistry of santonin and analogs and found 4 stereoisomers of santonin analogs which could cyclically transform under the action of base or acid. He deduced the relative configuration which laid a theoretical basis for Chinese and foreign chemists to solve problems in absolute configuration and total synthesis of santonin. He improved the Kishner-Wolff reduction which was called “Huang Minglong improved reduction” in many textbooks. He synthesized cortisone in 7 steps with diosgenin as starting material and the production of cortisone using this method was quickly put into production.He was the founder of Chinese industry for producting steroid hormones. He discovered the oral meglstrol and some other drugs for birth control.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

梁樹權(quán)1912.09.17～2006.12.09

化學(xué)家。廣東中山人。1933年畢業(yè)于燕京大學(xué)。1937年獲德國(guó)慕尼黑大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院化學(xué)研究所研究員。長(zhǎng)期從事無機(jī)分析化學(xué)研究工作。1939年發(fā)表的《鐵原子量修訂》博士論文中的數(shù)值，次年即為國(guó)際原子量委員會(huì)所采用，并沿用至今。曾從事硫酸根、氟離子、鎢、鉬、稀土元素等分析方法的研究，殷商古青銅的分析以及微量及痕量分析方法的研究。包頭白云礦稀土及稀有元素分析方法研究曾獲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province.Graduated from Yanjiang University in 1933. Received Ph.D.from Munich University, Germany in 1937. Research professor,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Liang has been engaged in the research of inorganic analysis for a long time. In 1939, he published his doctoral dissertation“Revision of Atomic Weight of Iron” and in the next year, the datum was adopted by the International Commission of Atomic Weights. He studied the analytical method for sulfate, fluoride,tungsten, molybeenum and rare earth elements and so on. He also studied analytical methods for unearthed bronze of Shang Dynasty(16th-11th century, B.C.) and methods for trace and micro-analysis. He won an award for his analytical work in the analysis of rare earth elements in Baotou Baiyun iron ore.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

傅 鷹1902.01.19～1979.09.07

化學(xué)家。福建閩侯人。1919年就讀于燕京大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1922年赴美留學(xué)，1928年獲密執(zhí)安大學(xué)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位并留校任研究員。北京大學(xué)教授。創(chuàng)建中國(guó)第一個(gè)膠體化學(xué)教研室并任主任。1962年任北京大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)。早在1928年有關(guān)溶液吸附的博士論文工作中，即對(duì)著名的特勞貝規(guī)則進(jìn)行了研究與修正。在進(jìn)行液體對(duì)固體的潤(rùn)濕熱研究中，提出潤(rùn)濕熱是總表面能變化的度量，不能完全依靠潤(rùn)濕熱大小來判斷固體對(duì)液體的吸附程度，并于1929年首創(chuàng)了利用潤(rùn)濕熱測(cè)定固體粉末比表面的熱化學(xué)方法。后又發(fā)現(xiàn)了溶液中的多分子層吸附現(xiàn)象，并將BET多層吸公式由氣相中的吸附推廣到溶液中的吸附。編著出版有較大影響的《大學(xué)普通化學(xué)》、《化學(xué)熱力學(xué)導(dǎo)論》等書。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Minhou, Fujian Province. Studied in the Department of Chemistry, Yanjing University in 1919. Went to the US to study in 1922. Received Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1928 and worked there as a research fellow after receiving his degree. Porfessor, Peking University, and founder and head of the Faculty of Colloid Chemsitry, China’s first faculty of its kind.

Fu became the vice president of Peking University from 1962. His Ph.D. dissertation work in 1928 was concerned with solution absorption. He carefully studied the well-known Traube rule and revised it. In his research on Wetting heat of liquid to solid, he claimed that wetting heat was the measure of surface energy of the whole surface, so absorption degree of solid to liquid could not be decided completely by wetting heat. In 1929, he created a thermodynamic method tu measure the specific surface of powders by the determination of wetting heat. Later, he found the phenomenon of multimolecular layer absorption in solution and expanded the application of BET multilayer absorption formula from gas phase to solution. His most influential works are“College General Chemistry”, and “Introduction to Chemistry Thermodynamics” and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.