院士風(fēng)采

化學(xué)家。江蘇儀征人。1925年畢業(yè)與南京高等師范學(xué)校和東南大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1948年獲美國羅徹斯特大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院化學(xué)研究所和青海鹽湖研究所研究員、名譽所長。早年從事分子光譜研究，判定雙氰分子處于兩種共振狀態(tài)，是中國化學(xué)家研究光譜最早者之一。參與解決核燃料前、后處理中的化學(xué)問題，有諸多貢獻(xiàn)。開拓了中國鹽湖資源及其化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的研究，組織綜合隊伍考察，并組建了青海鹽湖研究所?？睖y研究了察爾汗鹽湖區(qū)富藏鉀鎂資源，發(fā)現(xiàn)了柴旦鹽湖區(qū)柱硼鎂石以及柴達(dá)木盆地若干點的鋰資源等，提出了從鹽湖鹵水分離制鉀和直接提取硼鋰資源的有效工藝，為鹽湖開發(fā)和西北地區(qū)建設(shè)作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chem ist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Nan jing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University in 1925. Received Ph.D. from Rochester University, USA in 1948. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Chemistry and Tsinghua Institute of Saline Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Liu stud ied m olecu lar spectroscopy. He found the resonance state of bicyanomolecules. He was one of the early researchers dealing with spectroscopy in China. He solved a lot of chemical problems concerning nuclear fuel. He opened a new field of salt lake research in China, organized investigators to survey the resources, and set up the Institute of Saline Lakes. He and his co-workers found rich resources of potassium and magnesium in Chaidan Lake and lithium in Chaidamu basin. He proposed a rational process for the separation of lithium and boron from salt lakes. He comtributed a lot to the development in the northwest and salt lake areas.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯祥麟

1912.0 4.04～2008.12.08

化學(xué)工程學(xué)家。廣東汕頭人。1935年畢業(yè)于燕京大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1948年獲美國卡內(nèi)基理工學(xué)院博士學(xué)位。中國石油天然氣總公司科技委副主任，中國石油化工總公司高級顧問。曾任石油工業(yè)部科技委員會主任，全面負(fù)責(zé)石油科研機構(gòu)和隊伍的組建，科研計劃的管理；參與歷次國家和部門科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃的制訂、協(xié)調(diào)和實施，組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重大煉油新技術(shù)的科研攻關(guān)會戰(zhàn)，促進了中國煉油技術(shù)的發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)了主要油品立足國內(nèi)，還領(lǐng)導(dǎo)解決了中國噴氣燃料的特殊技術(shù)問題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研制并組織供應(yīng)尖端工業(yè)急需的各種潤滑材料等，為國民經(jīng)濟和國防建設(shè)作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Shantou, Guangdong Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1935. Received Ph.D. from Carnegie Institute of Technology, USA in 1948. Vice chairman, China National Petroleum Corporation, senior advisor, China Petro-Chemical Corporation, and chairman, Commission of Science and Technology, Ministry of Petroleum Industry.

Hou is the organizer and founder of scientific institutions in petroleum industry and also in charge of the planning and management. He participated in the formulation, coordination and implementation of S&T development plans at the national and departmental levels. He and his coworkers solved many key problems in oil industry to promote the development of China’s oil refining and achieved China’s selfsufficient supply of the main oil products. He also solved key problems in obtaining jet fuel and special lubricants used in new technology. He dedicated himself to the development of the national economy and national defense.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

張青蓮

1908.0 7.31～2006.12.14

化學(xué)家。江蘇常熟人。1936年獲德國柏林大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授。長期從事無機化學(xué)特別是有關(guān)同位素化學(xué)及重水的研究。成果大部分已總結(jié)于所發(fā)表的《從事同位素化學(xué)研究五十年》（1985）一文中，并為中國各種輕同位素的研究作出了貢獻(xiàn)。80年代以來系統(tǒng)地進行了原子量的精密測定工作，所測定銦原子量「114.818（3）」和銻原子量「121.760（1）」已被國際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會確定為新的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)（1991、1993）。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chem ist. Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. Received Ph.D. from the University of Berlin Germany in 1939. Professor, Peking University.

Zhang is engaged in the research on inorganic chemistry, particularly chem istry on isotopes and heavy water. His well-known publication “Fifty Years Research on Isotopes Chemistry”(1985) covers most of his results. He also contributed to China’s light isotope research and promoted the development in this field. Since the 1980s, he has systematically determined atomic weights. The accurate atomic weights of indium「114.818（3）」and antimony 「121.760（1）」have been adopted by IUPAC as new international standard data.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

趙承嘏

1885.1 2.11～1966.08.06

化學(xué)家。江蘇江陰人。少年應(yīng)舉為秀才、廩生，后改從新學(xué)。1906年被錄取官費留學(xué)，1912年獲曼徹斯特大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1914年獲瑞士日內(nèi)瓦大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院藥物研究所研究員、所長。中國進行中草藥研究的先驅(qū)者。在生物堿的分離結(jié)晶方面有獨到之處。分離所得的延胡索素乙已正式列入藥典，在臨床上作為鎮(zhèn)痛鎮(zhèn)靜劑使用；分離所得常山堿丙素，具有高出奎寧148倍的抗虐活性；所分離的鉤吻素乙，可作為生理化學(xué)成分，得到了許多新生物堿結(jié)晶，其中部分推薦臨床食用。建立了一套系統(tǒng)研究整理祖國醫(yī)藥的科學(xué)方法，還曾解決了青霉素鉀鹽結(jié)晶的方法，使青霉素得以順利投產(chǎn)。指導(dǎo)設(shè)計試驗了一套局麻藥普魯卡因的合成工藝。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Was Xiucai and Linsheng (degrees of the old educational system) and then started his new education. Passed government examination and was sent ot Britain to continue his education by government financial support in 1906. Received M.Sc. from the University of Manchester, UK in 1921 and Ph.D. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland in 1914. Research professor and director, Institute of Materria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhao was the pioneering researcher of Chinese herbs and was specialized in the separation and crystallization of alkaloids. Corydaline-B separated by him has been collected into China’s pharmacopeia dictionary and used for analgesic in anti-malaria. Gelsemicine-B can be used for biological reagents. He studied about 30 different alkaloids sep arated from Ch inese herbs, some of which are new crystalline alkaloids and have been recommended for clinical use. He created scientific meth lds to study Chinese traditional medicine, solved the crystalline methld for potassium salt of penicillin in production and designed a new process for the production of procaine used for local anesthesia.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.