朱茂電,劉紹英,王公應(yīng)
(1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 成都有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所,四川 成都 610041;2. 常州化學(xué)研究所 常州市綠色化學(xué)和技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇 常州 213164;3. 常州輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,江蘇 常州 213164;4. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 研究生院,北京 100049)
嗎啉與碳酸二甲酯合成N- 甲基嗎啉的熱力學(xué)分析
朱茂電1,3,4,劉紹英1,2,王公應(yīng)1,2
(1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 成都有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所,四川 成都 610041;2. 常州化學(xué)研究所 常州市綠色化學(xué)和技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇 常州 213164;3. 常州輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,江蘇 常州 213164;4. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 研究生院,北京 100049)
采用 Benson 和 Joback 基團(tuán)貢獻(xiàn)法對(duì)嗎啉與碳酸二甲酯反應(yīng)體系進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)分析,計(jì)算了反應(yīng)體系的焓變、熵變、吉布斯自由能變及反應(yīng)平衡常數(shù),討論了溫度對(duì)嗎啉與碳酸二甲酯的甲基化和甲氧羰基化反應(yīng)的影響。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,在 373.15 ~473.15 K 范圍內(nèi),嗎啉與碳酸二甲酯的甲基化和甲氧羰基化反應(yīng)為放熱反應(yīng),且反應(yīng)為自發(fā)過(guò)程,反應(yīng)平衡常數(shù)隨溫度的升高而減??;與甲氧羰基化反應(yīng)相比,甲基化反應(yīng)是熱力學(xué)上占優(yōu)勢(shì)的反應(yīng),反應(yīng)的平衡常數(shù)很大,反應(yīng)進(jìn)行得較完全;在實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度范圍內(nèi),升高溫度有利于提高甲基化反應(yīng)的選擇性。
嗎啉;碳酸二甲酯;甲基化;甲氧羰基化;N-甲基嗎啉;熱力學(xué)
N- 甲基嗎啉是一種雜環(huán)叔胺,廣泛應(yīng)用于殺蟲(chóng)劑、殺菌劑和植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑等農(nóng)藥的合成,也用于表面活性劑、潤(rùn)滑油冷卻劑、金屬防銹劑和纖維處理劑等精細(xì)化工產(chǎn)品的合成,還可用做生產(chǎn)聚氨酯泡沫塑料的催化劑、交聯(lián)劑、緩蝕劑、醫(yī)藥、溶劑和萃取劑等[1-3]。根據(jù)原料不同,N- 甲基嗎啉的合成方法主要有二氯乙醚法、二甘醇甲胺環(huán)化法、N- 甲基二乙醇胺法和嗎啉甲基化法等[4-8]。其中,以碳酸二甲酯和嗎啉為原料的嗎啉甲基化法具有工藝簡(jiǎn)單、反應(yīng)條件較溫和、綠色環(huán)保等優(yōu)
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Thermodynamic Analysis for Synthesis ofN-Methyl Morpholine from Morpholine and Dimethyl Carbonate
Zhu Maodian1,3,4,Liu Shaoying1,2,Wang Gongying1,2
(1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China;2. Changzhou Institute of Chemistry,Changzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology,Changzhou Jiangsu 213164,China;3. Changzhou Institute of Light Industry Technology, Changzhou Jiangsu 213164,China;4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
The enthalpy changes,entropy changes,Gibbs free energy changes and equilibrium constants in the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with morpholine toN-methyl morpholine were calculated by means of Benson and Joback group contribution methods. The effects of the reaction temperature on both methylation and methoxy-carbonylation reactions of dimethyl carbonate with morpholine were discussed. The results showed that both the methylation and the methoxycarbonylation reactions were exothermal,and were spontaneous processes because of the negative free energy change in the temperature range of 373.15 - 453.15 K. The reaction equilibrium constant decreased with rise of the reaction temperature. Compared with the methoxy-carbonylation reaction,the methylation reaction of dimethyl carbonate with morpholine was in thermodynamic control. The reaction equilibrium constant of the methylation was larger than that of the methoxy-carbonylation. The selectivity to the methylation could be improved by raising temperature.
morpholine;dimethyl carbonate;methylation;methoxy-carbonylation;N-methyl morpholine;thermodynamics
1000-8144(2012)01-0056-06
TQ 013.1
A
2011 - 07 - 19;[修改稿日期]2011 - 10 - 24。
朱茂電 (1972—),男,安徽省懷寧縣人,博士生,電郵 maodian_z@tom.com。聯(lián)系人:王公應(yīng),電話 028-85250005,電郵 gywang@cioc.ac.cn。
(編輯 王 萍)