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      浙江南蛇藤屬一新種
      ——浙江南蛇藤

      2013-05-11 09:28:36馬丹丹陳征海裘寶林陳子林李根有
      浙江林業(yè)科技 2013年5期
      關(guān)鍵詞:新種長(zhǎng)約杭州

      馬丹丹,陳征海,裘寶林,陳子林,李根有*

      (1. 浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué) 林業(yè)與生物技術(shù)學(xué)院,浙江 臨安 311300;2. 浙江省森林資源監(jiān)測(cè)中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 杭州植物園,浙江 杭州 310013;4. 浙江大盤山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理局,浙江 磐安 322300)

      浙江南蛇藤屬一新種
      ——浙江南蛇藤

      馬丹丹1,陳征海2,裘寶林3,陳子林4,李根有1*

      (1. 浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué) 林業(yè)與生物技術(shù)學(xué)院,浙江 臨安 311300;2. 浙江省森林資源監(jiān)測(cè)中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 杭州植物園,浙江 杭州 310013;4. 浙江大盤山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理局,浙江 磐安 322300)

      報(bào)道了產(chǎn)于浙江的南蛇藤屬(Celastrus L.)植物1新種——浙江南蛇藤(C. zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen),該新種與灰葉南蛇藤(C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils.)相近,區(qū)別在于前者小枝髓部實(shí)心,葉片較小,葉緣鋸齒細(xì)密,僅雄株有頂生花序,總狀聚傘花序長(zhǎng)0.5 ~ 1.5 cm,腋生者具1 ~ 3花,小花梗關(guān)節(jié)位于下部,花瓣長(zhǎng)約2.5 mm,寬約1.5 mm,退化雌蕊長(zhǎng)約1.2 mm;果梗關(guān)節(jié)以下部分褐色,上部綠色。

      南蛇藤屬;浙江南蛇藤;新種;浙江

      南蛇藤屬(衛(wèi)矛科)包含30多個(gè)種,分布于熱帶、亞熱帶、亞洲溫帶地區(qū),以及澳洲、美洲、馬達(dá)加斯加島。中國(guó)有26種,南北均有分布,以長(zhǎng)江以南為分布中心,其中17種為中國(guó)特有種;浙江有12種,1變種。該屬的許多種類在我國(guó)一直被作為中藥材使用,具有行氣活血、解毒消腫、祛風(fēng)燥濕等功效;近年的研究表明,該屬植物普遍含有萜類、黃酮類、生物堿類等化合物,這些成分具有抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗生育活性,以及治療類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等作用;一些果序?qū)挻?、果?shí)密集的種類具有很高的觀賞價(jià)值,因此,引起了世界有關(guān)學(xué)者的普遍重視。

      20世紀(jì)90年代初,在《浙江植物志》南蛇藤屬的編寫過(guò)程中,裘寶林發(fā)現(xiàn)采自浙江天臺(tái)山的2號(hào)果實(shí)標(biāo)本,其形態(tài)十分特別而不同于東亞所有已知種,疑為新種;他的觀點(diǎn)得到了《中國(guó)植物志》南蛇藤屬的編寫者(誠(chéng)靜容)的認(rèn)同,并派學(xué)生赴天臺(tái)山采集,但沒(méi)有采到花。在近幾年的植物資源調(diào)查中,我們?cè)谕瑢儆谙上紟X山脈及其分支的衢江區(qū)藥王山、磐安縣大盤山、天臺(tái)縣天臺(tái)山和大雷山、余姚市四明山,以及洞宮山脈的仙居縣括蒼山等地,陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了該類群的分布,并采集到了雄花、雌花和成熟的果實(shí)標(biāo)本。通過(guò)資料查詢和深入研究,確認(rèn)其為一新種,現(xiàn)描述如下。

      浙江南蛇藤(圖1、圖2)

      Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu , G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen, sp. nov. (Figure 1, Figure 2)

      The new species is morphologically similar to C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils., but different in the latter’s pith lamellate; leaf blade larger, margin sparsely serrate; terminal inflorescences racemose panicles 3-5 cm, axillary inflorescences 3-5 flowered, all fructicative; pedicels jointed a or above middle; petals 4-5 × 2 mm; pistillode 1.5-2.0 mm in male flowers; fruiting pedicels nearly brown; distributed in S Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.

      Deciduous twining shrubs; bark thick in old bine, pale brown, irregularly longitudinal-fissured, thinly exfoliating. Branchlets brown, lenticels dense, prominent, orbicular to elliptic; pith solid, white; annual branchlets pale brown or purplish brown, lenticels sparse; axillary buds broadly ovoid. Petiole 1-1.2 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly ovate or obovate-elliptic, 3.5-6.5 (-9) × 2.5-5 (-6) cm, thickly papery, adaxially bottle-green, abaxially powdery white, base broadly cuneate to slightly cordate, margin densely finely serrate, with recurved glandular teeth, apex acute; lateral veins 5-6 pairs. Inflorescences generally axillary, cymose, terminal inflorescences occurring in male plants, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; rachis short, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long, jointed below middle. Flowers unisexual, petals pale yellow, obovate-rectangular, 2.5 × 1 mm, margin erose, reflexed after flowering. Male flower: sepals triangular-ovate, 1 mm long, apex rounded-obtuse, margin sparsely erose-denticulate; stamens slightly shorter than petals, ca. 2 mm long; filament ca. 1.5 mm long; anthers approximately orbicular, pale yellow; pistillodes shorter than stamens, ca.1.2 mm long. Female flower: sepals triangular, apex obtuse-acute; disk shallowly cupulate, slightly carnose, lobes approximately semicircular; stamens in female slightly shorter, anthers sagittate; pistil 4 mm long, ampullaceous; ovary globose, styles 2 mm long, stigma 3-lobed, spreading. Capsule globose, ca.8mm wide; fruiting pedicels 7-8 mm, below joint brown, 2-3 mm, above joint green, 3-4 mm. Seeds elliptic, 5×3 mm, brown. Fl. May, fr. Oct.

      Zhejiang Province(浙江?。? Pan’an County(磐安縣), Dapanshan(大盤山), Panshanjian(盤山尖), in mixed forest of Pinus taiwanensis and Cunninghamia lanceolata on slopes, alt.1 200 m, Oct. 28, 2009, Z. L. Chen(陳子林)et Y. F. Yu(俞葉飛)PA20091001 (Holotype, ZJFC); the same locality, Sep. 19, 2009, G. Y. Li(李根有), Z. H. Chen(陳征海)et D. D. Ma(馬丹丹)PA090914(ZJFC). Tiantai County(天臺(tái)縣), Tiantai Mountain(天臺(tái)山), Huading, yaoshi Nunnery(華頂藥師庵), on the tree, Sep. 13, 1957, X. Y. He(賀賢育)28042(ZJFC); near Huading Monastery(華頂寺), the edge of the field, on the fence, Jul. 16, 1959, anonymous 28173(ZJFC); Daleishan(大雷山), forest margins near a rivulet in valley, alt. 600 m, Oct. 29, 2009, Z. H. Chen TT20091003(ZJFC). Xianju County(仙居縣), Danzhu Township(淡竹鄉(xiāng)), Longtoutang(龍頭塘), in forest on slopes, alt.1 010 m, Jul. 21, 2010, Z. H. Chen XJ2010072101(ZJFC). Yuyao County(余姚市), Simingshan(四明山), Heilongtan(黑龍?zhí)叮? under forest near a rivulet in valley, alt.350 m, May 16, 2012, G. Y. Li, D. D. Ma et al. YY201205061(ZJFC). Qujiang District(衢江區(qū)), Yaowangshan(藥王山), in thicket on ridge, alt.1 100 m, Nov. 6, 2009, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen YWS091113(ZJFC).

      落葉藤本;老莖樹(shù)皮厚,灰褐色,不規(guī)則薄片狀縱向開(kāi)裂。小枝褐色,皮孔圓形或橢圓形,顯著隆起,密生;髓實(shí)心,白色;當(dāng)年生小枝灰褐色或紫褐色,疏生皮孔;腋芽寬卵形。葉片厚紙質(zhì),寬橢圓形、寬卵形或倒卵狀橢圓形,長(zhǎng)3.5 ~ 6.5(~9)cm,寬2.5 ~ 5.0(~ 6)cm,先端急尖,基部寬楔形至淺心形,邊緣具細(xì)密鋸齒,齒端具內(nèi)曲的腺狀小凸頭,側(cè)脈5 ~ 6對(duì),上面深綠色,下面粉白色;葉柄長(zhǎng)1.0 ~ 1.2 cm。聚傘花序通常腋生,雄株有頂生花序,長(zhǎng)0.5 ~ 1.5 cm,1 ~ 3花,花序梗長(zhǎng)1 ~ 2 mm,花梗長(zhǎng)2.5 ~ 3.0 mm,關(guān)節(jié)位于下部。花單性,花瓣淡黃綠色,倒卵長(zhǎng)方形,長(zhǎng)約2.5 mm,寬約1 mm,邊緣蝕齒狀,花后反折。雄花:花萼裂片三角狀卵形,先端圓鈍,長(zhǎng)約1 mm,邊緣具稀疏小齒;雄蕊稍短于花瓣,長(zhǎng)約2 mm,花絲長(zhǎng)約1.5 mm,花藥近圓形,淡黃色;退化雌蕊短于雄蕊,長(zhǎng)約1.2 mm。雌花:花萼裂片三角形,先端鈍尖;花盤淺杯狀,稍肉質(zhì),裂片近半圓形;退化雄蕊稍短,花藥箭頭形;雌蕊長(zhǎng)約4 mm,瓶狀,子房球狀,花柱長(zhǎng)約2 mm,柱頭3裂,開(kāi)展。果實(shí)近球形,徑約8 mm;果梗長(zhǎng)7 ~ 8 mm,關(guān)節(jié)以下部分褐色,長(zhǎng)2 ~ 3 mm,以上部分綠色,長(zhǎng)3 ~ 4 mm。種子近橢圓形,縱徑約5 mm,橫徑約3 mm,棕褐色。花期5月,果期10月。

      本種與灰葉南蛇藤C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils. 接近,但后者小枝髓薄片狀;葉片較寬大,葉緣鋸齒稀疏;頂生花序?yàn)榭偁顖A錐花序,長(zhǎng)3 ~ 6 cm,腋生者3 ~ 5花,均能結(jié)果;小花梗關(guān)節(jié)在中部或偏上;花瓣長(zhǎng)4 ~ 5 mm,寬約2.2 mm,退化雌蕊長(zhǎng)1.5 ~ 2.0 mm;果梗關(guān)節(jié)上下同色;產(chǎn)于陜西南部、湖北、湖南、貴州、四川、云南等省區(qū)。

      2012年,沐先運(yùn)在其博士學(xué)位論文“中國(guó)南蛇藤屬(衛(wèi)矛科)的分類修訂”中,將灰葉南蛇藤歸作滇邊南蛇藤C. hookeri Prian之異名。由于該作者并未對(duì)滇邊南蛇藤進(jìn)行過(guò)分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究,因此歸并缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)。鑒于滇邊南蛇藤與灰葉南蛇藤及本新種的明顯區(qū)別,筆者贊同《中國(guó)植物志》和《Flora of China》對(duì)該類群的分類處理,在研究時(shí)采用形態(tài)特征較為接近的灰葉南蛇藤作對(duì)比。

      圖1 浙江南蛇藤(陳征海、陳子林?jǐn)z)Figure 1 Pict ures of Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen sp. nov. A. fruiting branch, B. bud scales,C. old stem, D. leaf abaxially, E. female flowers, F. male flowers, G. infructescences, H. dehiscent capsule, I. seeds. Scale bar: A, D = 2 cm, B, E - I = 5 mm, C = 5 cm. Photographed by Zheng-hai Chen and Zi-lin Chen.

      圖2 浙江南蛇藤線條圖(潘飛 翔根據(jù)模式標(biāo)本及陳子林照片PA20110501、PA20110502繪)Figure 2 Drawings of Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen sp. nov. a. fruiting branch, b. fe male flower, c. male flower, d. marginal vein. Fruiting twig drawn from the holotype, flowers from Zi-lin Chen PA20110501, PA20110502. Drawing by Fei-xiang Pan.

      [1] 誠(chéng)靜容,高作經(jīng). 南蛇藤屬—中國(guó)植物志(45卷第3冊(cè))[M]. 北京:科學(xué)出版社,1999. 97-128.

      [2] 鄭朝宗. 浙江種子植物檢索鑒定手冊(cè)[M]. 杭州:浙江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2005. 195-196.

      [3] ZHANG Zhi-xiang et Funston A M. Celastrus[A]. Wu C Y, Raven P H. Flora of China(Vol 11)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, Saint Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2008. 446-474.

      [4] 郭漢身. 衛(wèi)矛科——浙江植物志(第四卷)[M].杭州:浙江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1993. 23-44.

      [5] MU Xian-yun, XIA Xiao-fei, ZHAO Liang-cheng, et al. Celastrus obovatifolius sp. nov. (Celastraceae) from China[J]. Nordic J Bot, 2012(30):53-57.

      [6] 馮衛(wèi)生,郝志友,鄭曉珂. 南蛇藤屬植物化學(xué)成分研究進(jìn)展[J]. 中國(guó)新藥雜志,2007,16(9):672-677.

      [7] 沐先運(yùn). 中國(guó)南蛇藤屬(衛(wèi)矛科)的分類修訂[D]. 北京:北京林業(yè)大學(xué),2012.

      A New Species of Celastrus L. from Zhejiang Province

      MA Dan-dan1,CHEN Zheng-hai2,QIU Bao-lin3,CHEN Zi-lin4,LI Gen-You1*
      (1. School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China; 2. Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310020, China; 3. Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou 310013, China; 4. The Administration of Dapanshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang, Pan’an 322300, China)

      A new species of Celastrus L., C. zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen is described in this paper. This new species is morphologically similar to C. glaucophyllus, but different in having solid pith, smaller leaf blade, denser and finer serrate margin, terminal inflorescences occurring only in male plants, racemose cymes, 0.5 - 1.5 cm long, axillary inflorescences only 1-3-flowered, pedicels jointed below middle, petals 2.5 × 1.5 mm, pistillodes in female flowers 1.2 mm long; fruiting pedicels below joint brown, above joint green.

      Celastrus L.; C. zhejiangensis; new species; Zhejiang

      S718.49

      A

      1001-3776(2013)05-0100-04

      2013-05-21;

      2013-08-13

      寧波市林業(yè)局資助項(xiàng)目“寧波市植物資源調(diào)查與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建設(shè)”

      馬丹丹(1982-),女,河南洛寧人,實(shí)驗(yàn)師,碩士,從事野生花卉的引種與應(yīng)用研究;*通訊作者。

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