賈真,姬麗華,陳景荷,梁維,車明文,何麗潔,孫世仁,王漢民
·基礎(chǔ)研究·
轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twist促進腹膜透析患者腹膜纖維化的作用機制研究
賈真,姬麗華,陳景荷,梁維,車明文,何麗潔,孫世仁,王漢民
目的探討轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twist對腹膜透析患者腹透流出液人腹膜間皮細胞(HPMCs)的作用及相關(guān)機制。方法將腹膜透析患者透出液離心后進行HPMCs培養(yǎng),檢測Twist、E-cadherin、α-SMA、Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達。分別采用上調(diào)質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1-Twist和空載體pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染HPMCs,檢測Twist、E-cadherin、α-SMA以及Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達。分別采用Twist的siRNA質(zhì)粒和空載體pSlience轉(zhuǎn)染轉(zhuǎn)分化的HPMCs,檢測Twist、E-cadherin、α-SMA以及Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達。采用Bmi-1的siRNA質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染轉(zhuǎn)分化的HPMCs,檢測E-cadherin、α-SMA以及Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達。結(jié)果免疫熒光及Western blotting檢測結(jié)果顯示,隨著透齡增加,E-cadherin表達降低,Twist、α-SMA及Bmi-1表達增加(P<0.05)。與空載體組相比,HPMCs過表達Twist后,E-cadherin表達減弱,Twist、α-SMA及Bmi-1表達增加(P<0.05)。用小干擾RNA使Twist沉默后,E-cadherin表達增加,Twist、α-SMA及Bmi-1表達減弱(P<0.05)。用小干擾RNA使Bmi-1沉默后,E-cadherin表達增加,α-SMA、Bmi-1表達減弱(P<0.05)。結(jié)論Twist參與了腹膜纖維化的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程,其作用部分是通過Bmi-1促進HPMCs的轉(zhuǎn)分化實現(xiàn)的。
腹膜纖維化;上皮-間質(zhì)細胞轉(zhuǎn)分化;Twist轉(zhuǎn)錄因子;Bmi-1;鈣黏著糖蛋白類;肌動蛋白類
[Key words]peritoneal fibrosis; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; Twist transcription factor; Bmi-1; cadherin; actins
腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)是終末期腎病患者(ESRD)的替代治療方法之一,長期腹膜透析失敗與腹膜結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的逐漸破壞有關(guān)[1-2]。雖然腹膜透析引起腹膜纖維化的確切分子機制不明,但是近年來研究提示腹膜間皮細胞向間質(zhì)細胞的轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,EMT)可能是引起腹膜纖維化的重要原因之一[3]。本課題組前期研究證實,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twist在體外人腹膜間皮細胞(human peritoneal mesothelial cells,HPMCs)的轉(zhuǎn)分化中發(fā)揮著重要作用,其過表達促進了EMT的發(fā)生[4-5],但該研究主要在體外進行,關(guān)于Twist是否能在人體內(nèi)促進腹膜間皮細胞的轉(zhuǎn)分化以及通過哪些相關(guān)分子進行調(diào)控尚不清楚。本實驗觀察Twist、Bmi-1及轉(zhuǎn)分化標(biāo)志物E-鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌動蛋白(α-SMA)在腹膜透析患者透出液原代培養(yǎng)人HPMCs轉(zhuǎn)分化中的表達變化,進一步探討Twist在腹膜透析患者腹膜纖維化中的分子機制。
1.1 主要材料及試劑 人腹膜透析透出液標(biāo)本取自西京醫(yī)院腎臟內(nèi)科腹膜透析中心腹膜透析患者,均經(jīng)患者知情同意。體外試驗所用人腹膜間皮細胞購于廣州弗爾博生物有限公司。兔抗人Twist購自美國Abcam公司;兔抗人β-actin購于北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司;兔抗人E-cadherin、兔抗人Bmi-1、Twist siRNA、Bmi-1 siRNA購自美國Santa Cruze公司;兔抗人α-SMA購自美國Epitomics公司。表達上調(diào)質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1由Ashwell教授(National Institute of Health)惠贈,pcDNA3.1-Twist由Glackin教授(National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute)惠贈。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 HPMCs的培養(yǎng)、鑒定與分組 無菌收集進行腹膜透析患者的透出液標(biāo)本,4℃、800r/min離心5min,棄上清,向沉淀中加入生理鹽水洗滌2次,加入15% FBS-DMEM/F-12培養(yǎng)液重懸細胞,接種于0.1%明膠包被的25cm2培養(yǎng)瓶中,每袋透析液接種1瓶,37℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),24h后換液,以后每3d換液1次,7~10d生長融合成單層,棄去培養(yǎng)液,每瓶加入1ml胰酶消化,待細胞少量漂浮后,加入15% FBS-DMEM/F-12培養(yǎng)液,將細胞吹打松解后,4℃、800r/min離心5min,棄上清,再次加入15% FBS-DMEM/F-12培養(yǎng)液吹打細胞,并移入6孔板,用于免疫細胞化學(xué)實驗。經(jīng)倒置相差顯微鏡觀察,隨著透析時間的增加,腹膜間皮細胞由鵝卵石樣外觀逐漸變化為條索狀;免疫組化鑒定抗細胞角蛋白抗體和抗波形蛋白抗體染色陽性、抗第Ⅷ因子抗體和抗白細胞CD45抗體染色陰性。選取80例連續(xù)性非臥床腹透(CAPD)患者,留取夜間PD液標(biāo)本。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡<65歲;CAPD≥1個月;近6個月無腹膜炎史,無腹部手術(shù)史;無長期服用免疫抑制劑史。按照開始腹膜透析時間,分為透析<6個月(10例)、6~12個月(15例)、12~18個月(20例)、18~24個月(10例)和≥24個月(25例)。
1.2.2 瞬時轉(zhuǎn)染 轉(zhuǎn)染前24h將永生化的HPMCs接種于6孔板,待細胞達90%融合時將pcDNA3.1-Twist正義質(zhì)粒及pcDNA3.1空載體轉(zhuǎn)入HPMCs細胞。具體轉(zhuǎn)染步驟按Lipofectamine 2000試劑說明書操作。轉(zhuǎn)染48h后,裂解細胞,收集蛋白,存儲于-70℃冰箱,以備檢測Twist、E-cadherin、α-SMA及Bmi-1蛋白及免疫熒光表達。用10% FBS-RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)永生化的HPMCs,待細胞生長狀態(tài)良好,加入濃度為50mmol/L的葡萄糖,刺激48h使細胞發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)分化后用Twist的siRNA質(zhì)粒及空載體pSlience分別轉(zhuǎn)染轉(zhuǎn)分化的HPMCs,檢測E-cadherin、α-SMA、Twist及Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達。并且采用Bmi-1的siRNA質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染轉(zhuǎn)分化的HPMCs,檢測E-cadherin、α-SMA及Bmi-1的蛋白及免疫熒光表達,具體轉(zhuǎn)染步驟同前。
1.2.3 Western blotting檢測 提取處理過的HPMCs總蛋白樣品,行10%SDS-PAGE電泳,并轉(zhuǎn)印至硝酸纖維素膜上,5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉2h;用2%脫脂奶粉稀釋一抗,4℃孵育過夜;洗滌后加辣根過氧化酶標(biāo)記二抗,室溫孵育2h,TBST洗膜后,ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒顯影。
1.2.4 細胞免疫熒光檢測 細胞爬片后,用4%多聚甲醛固定20min,PBS緩沖液沖洗5次,正常山羊血清封閉液封閉30min后,滴加對應(yīng)的一抗,4℃過夜。洗滌后滴加熒光二抗,室溫下作用90min,PBS沖洗5min×5次,滴加DAPI染色5min,PBS沖洗5min×5次,防淬滅劑封片、鏡檢、照相。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析,進一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 PD患者透出液中HPMCs的分離與培養(yǎng) 倒置相差顯微鏡觀察顯示,透齡6個月患者透出液培養(yǎng)的腹膜間皮細胞呈鵝卵石狀;隨著腹透時間的延長(透齡18個月),腹透液培養(yǎng)的細胞呈現(xiàn)鵝卵石狀和條索狀混合存在;透齡48個月透出液培養(yǎng)的細胞多呈條索狀,類似纖維樣細胞。提示隨著透齡的延長,HPMCs形態(tài)由上皮樣細胞逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔w維樣細胞(圖1)。
圖1 腹膜透析患者透出液原代培養(yǎng)人腹膜間皮細胞的形態(tài)學(xué)改變Fig.1 Morphological changes of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) in peritoneal dialysis fluid from patient undergoing PD dialysis
2.2 免疫熒光及Western blotting檢測Twist的表達
免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示,隨著透齡的增加,間質(zhì)細胞標(biāo)志分子α-SMA表達顯著增加(P<0.05),上皮細胞標(biāo)志分子E-cadherin表達明顯降低(P<0.05),提示HPMCs已發(fā)生了EMT。與此同時,Twist的表達由胞質(zhì)逐漸進入到胞核(P<0.05,圖2A),提示隨著透析時間的延長,Twist在原代HPMCs的表達逐漸增強且激活轉(zhuǎn)位進入細胞核。Western blotting結(jié)果同樣顯示隨著透析時間的增加,E-cadherin蛋白表達明顯降低,α-SMA及Twist蛋白表達顯著增加,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,圖2B),表明Twist的過表達在HPMCs的EMT中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
圖2 E-cadherin、α-SMA和Twist在不同透齡腹膜透析透出液培養(yǎng)的HPMCs中的表達Fig.2 Expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and Twist detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting in the HPMCs from peritoneal dialysis fluid in PD patients
2.3 免疫熒光及Western blotting檢測Bmi-1的表達免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示,隨著透析時間增加,Bmi-1表達顯著增加(P<0.05,圖3A)。Western blotting結(jié)果同樣顯示隨著透析時間增加Bmi-1蛋白表達顯著增加(P<0.05,圖3B)。
2.4 Twist經(jīng)基因轉(zhuǎn)染上調(diào)后EMT各標(biāo)志分子及Bmi-1表達的變化 分別轉(zhuǎn)染Twist上調(diào)質(zhì)粒和對照質(zhì)粒后,免疫熒光染色顯示,對照組E-cadherin在細胞膜高表達,而α-SMA表達較弱。與對照組相比,過表達Twist后E-cadherin表達明顯減弱(P<0.05),而α-SMA、Twist及Bmi-1的表達顯著增加(P<0.05,圖4A)。Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,過表達Twist后E-cadherin蛋白表達明顯降低(P<0.05),而α-SMA和Twist、Bmi-1表達顯著增高(P<0.05,圖4B)。
圖3 不同透齡PD患者透出液培養(yǎng)的HPMCs中Bmi-1的表達Fig.3 Expression of Bmi-1 detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting in the HPMCs from peritoneal dialysis fluid in PD patients
圖4 Twist經(jīng)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染上調(diào)后E-cadherin、α-SMA、Twist和Bmi-1的表達變化Fig.4 Expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Twist and Bmi-1 of HPMCs after transfection of plasmid pcDNA3.1-Twist
2.5 Twist經(jīng)基因轉(zhuǎn)染下調(diào)后EMT各標(biāo)志分子及Bmi-1表達的變化 分別轉(zhuǎn)染siTwist和空載體后,免疫熒光染色顯示,與對照組相比,下調(diào)Twist表達后E-cadherin表達明顯增強(P<0.05),而α-SMA,Twist及Bmi-1表達顯著減弱(P<0.05,圖5A)。Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,與對照組相比,下調(diào)Twist表達后E-cadherin蛋白表達水平明顯升高(P<0.05),而α-SMA、Twist和Bmi-1的表達顯著降低(P<0.05,圖5B)。
2.6 Bmi-1經(jīng)基因轉(zhuǎn)染下調(diào)后EMT各標(biāo)志分子表達的變化 轉(zhuǎn)染Bmi-1 siRNA后,免疫熒光染色顯示,與對照組相比,E-cadherin表達明顯增強(P<0.05),而α-SMA、Bmi-1表達顯著減弱(P<0.05,圖6A)。Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,與對照組相比,下調(diào)Bmi-1后E-cadherin蛋白表達水平明顯升高(P<0.05),而α-SMA、Bmi-1表達顯著降低(P<0.05,圖6B)。
圖6 Bmi-1經(jīng)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染下調(diào)后E-cadherin、α-SMA和Bmi-1表達的變化Fig.6 Expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and Bmi-1 of HPMCs after the siRNA transfection
腹膜纖維化是導(dǎo)致腹膜透析患者放棄腹透治療的主要原因。近期研究表明間皮細胞在腹膜纖維化中可能發(fā)揮了重要作用[6]。間皮細胞的EMT是一個復(fù)雜的過程,其特點是間皮細胞標(biāo)志物α-SMA的表達增加,負向調(diào)控上皮標(biāo)志分子E-cadherin及其他黏附分子,導(dǎo)致細胞間連接破裂[7]。因此腹膜纖維化被認(rèn)為是由腹膜間皮細胞的EMT引發(fā)的。然而目前有關(guān)腹膜間皮細胞轉(zhuǎn)分化的機制尚不清楚。由于轉(zhuǎn)錄因子對下游基因的表達實行一對多或多對一的調(diào)控方式,因此在眾多對EMT的刺激因素中,對轉(zhuǎn)錄因子作用的研究顯得更有意義。
Twist蛋白是一種高度保守的堿性螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,通過多種途徑控制細胞生長、凋亡、分化及上皮-間質(zhì)過渡[8-11]。本課題組以往的研究已經(jīng)證實在高糖刺激下轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twist表達顯著增加,Twist的過表達促進了腹膜間皮細胞的轉(zhuǎn)分化即EMT的發(fā)生[4]。抑制Twist的表達可逆轉(zhuǎn)EMT的發(fā)生,可能會延緩腹膜纖維化的發(fā)生發(fā)展。然而關(guān)于Twist促進腹膜間皮細胞轉(zhuǎn)分化的機制尚不清楚。Bmi-1基因是多梳基因(polycomb group genes)家族中重要的調(diào)節(jié)基因(一種癌基因),可調(diào)節(jié)同源盒基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄[12]。Bmi-1基因在維持正常干細胞自我更新和多向分化方面起重要作用。已有研究證實人類多種腫瘤如淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌及大腸癌等的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程均與Bmi-1基因表達異常有關(guān)[13]。目前認(rèn)為Bmi-1可能是Twist的下游靶基因,由Twist直接調(diào)控[14]。已有研究證實Twist調(diào)控Bmi-1的表達,并且和Bmi-1一起通過抑制E-cadherin的表達促進腫瘤的始動以及EMT[15]。
綜上所述,本研究證實在腹透患者透出液的原代HPMCs中Twist呈高表達,并且隨著透齡的延長顯著增高,Bmi-1的表達也顯著增加,提示Twist、Bmi-1的過表達在HPMCs的EMT中發(fā)揮重要的作用,同時提示Twist可能通過Bmi-1促進HPMCs的EMT。通過體外實驗用永生化的HPMCs轉(zhuǎn)染Twist的上調(diào)質(zhì)粒,觀察到過表達Twist時,α-SMA、Bmi-1的表達也明顯增強,E-cadherin的表達明顯下降,提示過表達Twist后HPMCs發(fā)生了EMT,并且Twist通過Bmi-1促進HPMCs的EMT,而在高糖刺激發(fā)生了EMT的HPMCs細胞中轉(zhuǎn)染下調(diào)Twist的Twist siRNA,檢測到E-cadherin的表達明顯增強,而α-SMA、Twist、Bmi-1的表達明顯減弱,這提示下調(diào)Twist可以使HPMCs的表型有所改變,抑制HPMCs的EMT。同時,在高糖刺激發(fā)生了EMT的HPMCs細胞中轉(zhuǎn)染Bmi-1 siRNA后,E-cadherin的表達明顯增強,而α-SMA、Bmi-1表達明顯減弱,提示下調(diào)Bmi-1后可以逆轉(zhuǎn)HPMCs的EMT,并且提示Twist通過Bmi-1促進HPMCs的EMT。本研究證實Twist參與了人腹膜間皮細胞的EMT,并且通過Bmi-1促進EMT 的發(fā)生。而抑制Twist的表達可降低Bmi-1的表達從而逆轉(zhuǎn)EMT的發(fā)生,為腹膜透析患者腹膜纖維化的防治提供了新的依據(jù)。
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Mechanism of transcription factor Twist on promoting peritoneal fibrosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
JIA Zhen1,2, JI Li-hua1, CHEN Jing-he1, LIANG Wei1, CHE Ming-wen1, HE Li-jie1, SUN Shi-ren1, WANG Han-min1*
1Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
2Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710002, China
*
, E-mail: whm@medmail.com.cn
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81270768, 81270849), and the Scientific and Technological Projects in Shaanxi Province (2012K16-08-05)
ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of transcription factor Twist on promoting peritoneal fibrosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).MethodsThe HPMCs in peritoneal fluid after dialysis from patients underwent peritoneal dialysis was collected and cultured. The expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Twist and Bmi-1 were assayed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The expression of Twist, Bmi-1, E-cadherin and α-SMA were determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting after the plasmids pcDNA3.1-twist and empty vector pcDNA3.1 were transfected into HPMCs with Lipofectamine 2000 in vitro. Twist, Bmi-1, E-cadherin and α-SMA were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence after silencing the expression of Twist by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and empty vector pSlience. Bmi-1, E-cadherin and α-SMA were assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence after silencing the expression of Bmi-1 by siRNA.ResultsThe expression of E-cadherin decreased gradually and the expression of Twist, α-SMA and Bmi-1 increased along with the increase in PD time as determined with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Compared with that expressed in the HPMCs trasfected with empty vector pcDNA3.1, the expression of E-cadherin significantly reduced and the expressions of α-SMA, Twist and Bmi-1 increased significantly after transfection of the plasmids pcDNA3.1-twist (P<0.05). The expression of E-cadherin increased significantly and the expressions of α-SMA, Twist and Bmi-1 decreased significantly after silencing the expression of twist by siRNA.The expression of E-cadherin increased significantly and the expressions of α-SMA and Bmi-1 decreased significantly after silencing the expression Bmi-1 by siRNA.ConclusionTwist may be involved in the process of peritoneal fibrosis, and its underlying mechanism is the promotion of the transdifferentiation of HPMCs via the regulation of Bmi-1.
R459.5
A
0577-7402(2013)11-0879-06
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2013.11.002
2013-08-27;
2013-10-06)
(責(zé)任編輯:張小利)
國家自然科學(xué)基金(81270768,81270849);陜西省科技攻關(guān)項目(2012K16-08-05)
賈真,住院醫(yī)師,碩士研究生。主要從事腎臟纖維化與腎衰竭方面的研究
710032 西安 第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院腎臟內(nèi)科[賈真(現(xiàn)在西安市第一醫(yī)院腎臟內(nèi)科工作)、姬麗華、陳景荷、梁維、車明文、何麗潔、孫世仁、王漢民]
王漢民,E-mail:whm@medmail.com.cn