夏敏 張婷 郭繼中 陳衛(wèi)昌
·論著·
高遷移率族蛋白1在急性壞死性胰腺炎伴器官功能損害中的作用及其抗體的保護(hù)作用
夏敏 張婷 郭繼中 陳衛(wèi)昌
目的探討高遷移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)在急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)伴器官功能受損發(fā)生過程中的作用。方法雄性ICR小鼠按數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、ANP組和HMGB1單抗處理組(抗體組)。采用20% L-精氨酸腹腔注射制備小鼠ANP模型,抗體組于建模成功后即刻給予腹腔內(nèi)注射HMGB1單抗200 μg。制模后12、24、48 h分批處死小鼠,取血檢測(cè)血清淀粉酶活性及肝、腎功能指標(biāo),ELASA法檢測(cè)血HMGB1水平,取胰腺及肝臟組織行常規(guī)病理檢查并評(píng)分,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)胰腺和肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA表達(dá)。結(jié)果對(duì)照組、ANP組、抗體組12 h時(shí)的血清HMGB1水平分別為(9.09±1.03)、(25.04±4.30)、(16.84±4.27)μg/L;胰腺病理評(píng)分為(1.50±0.55)、(4.33±0.52)、(3.03±0.32)分;胰腺組織HMGB1 mRNA表達(dá)量為0.48±0.18、7.53±2.71、3.26±2.33;肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA表達(dá)量為-1.23±0.37、0.15±0.65、-1.27±0.72。ANP組的上述指標(biāo)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P值均<0.05),而抗體組均顯著低于ANP組(P值均<0.05)。造模后24 h血清HMGB1水平與胰腺病理評(píng)分呈線性正相關(guān)(r=0.768,P<0.05)。此外,各組血清淀粉酶、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、乳酸脫氫酶、尿素氮、肌酐水平的變化趨勢(shì)同血清HMGB1的變化,血清HMGB1水平與肌酐、尿素氮、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶水平呈線性正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.824、0.719、0.590,P值均<0.05)。結(jié)論HMGB1可能是ANP小鼠體內(nèi)炎癥反應(yīng)和器官功能損害的關(guān)鍵因子,外源性給予其抗體可減輕ANP時(shí)胰腺及其他器官功能受損程度。
胰腺炎,急性壞死性; 高遷移率族蛋白質(zhì)類; 抗體,單克隆
高遷移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1 protein, HMGB1)是30年前發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種DNA核捆綁蛋白,近來發(fā)現(xiàn)其在膿毒癥中具有晚期炎癥介質(zhì)的作用。膿毒癥[1]、出血性休克[2]、急性肺損傷[3]、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎[4]及彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血[5]患者的血清HMGB1濃度均升高。新近發(fā)現(xiàn)重癥急性胰腺炎患者血清HMGB1水平升高,且與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)[6]。本研究應(yīng)用HMGB1抗體干預(yù)急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)小鼠,探討HMGB1在ANP器官功能損害發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制。
一、實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及分組
雄性ICR小鼠,體重為20~25 g,由江蘇省血吸蟲病防治研究所提供。按數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、ANP組和HMGB1單抗組(抗體組),每組36只。參照文獻(xiàn)[7],采取腹腔注射20% L-精氨酸200 mg/100 g體重兩次、間隔1 h的方法制備小鼠ANP模型??贵w組于建模后即刻每只小鼠給予腹腔內(nèi)注射HMGB1單抗200 μg[8],對(duì)照組腹腔注射等容積無菌生理鹽水。制模后12、24、48 h分別處死12只小鼠,眼球摘除采血,分離血清待測(cè)。取新鮮胰腺、肝臟組織,部分甲醛固定,部分液氮保存。
二、檢測(cè)指標(biāo)及方法
1.血清HMGB1濃度測(cè)定:采用ELISA法,按試劑盒說明書操作。
2.胰腺和肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA檢測(cè):應(yīng)用Trizol提取小鼠新鮮胰腺和肝臟組織RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)組織中HMGB1 mRNA的表達(dá),以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參對(duì)照。
HMGB1引物序列上游: 5′-ACAGCCATTGCAGTACATTGAG-3′,下游:5′-TTGCCCATGTTTAGTTGA-TTTTCC-3′,熒光探針: 5′-(FAM)AGAGTCGCC-CAGTGCCCGTCCG (Eclipse)-3′,擴(kuò)增片段113 bp。PCR反應(yīng)條件:95℃ 30 s;95℃ 5 s、58℃ 30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃ 1 min。使用LightCycler熒光定量PCR儀,計(jì)算熒光信號(hào)達(dá)到指數(shù)擴(kuò)增時(shí)的循環(huán)周期數(shù)(Ct),同時(shí)與內(nèi)參GAPDH的Ct值相比較,用2-△△Ct計(jì)算mRNA的表達(dá)量。
3.胰腺組織病理檢查:胰腺組織常規(guī)切片、HE染色,由病理科醫(yī)師盲法讀片,并參照Schmidt、Pozsar方法從水腫、壞死、出血及炎細(xì)胞浸潤4項(xiàng)對(duì)胰腺損傷進(jìn)行評(píng)分,分值之和為總評(píng)分。每張切片計(jì)數(shù)5個(gè)視野,取均值。
4.血肝、腎功能檢測(cè):采用自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清淀粉酶(AMY)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)的含量。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、HMGB1單抗對(duì)血清HMGB1水平的影響
ANP組小鼠血清HMGB1水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,抗體組小鼠血清HMGB1水平顯著低于ANP組,但仍顯著高于對(duì)照組(P值均<0.05,表1)。
二、HMGB1單抗對(duì)胰腺、肝臟HMGB1 mRNA表達(dá)的影響
ANP組胰腺、肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA較對(duì)照組顯著增加,抗體組的表達(dá)較ANP組顯著下降(P值均<0.05,表1);抗體組胰腺HMGB1 mRNA水平仍顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而肝臟HMGB1 mRNA水平與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
組別只數(shù)血清HMGB1水平(μg/L)12h24h48h對(duì)照組369.09±1.035.98±1.973.58±0.67ANP組3625.04±4.30a48.56±9.10a47.18±3.18a抗體組3616.84±4.27ab19.09±1.70ab15.98±1.94ab組別只數(shù)胰腺HMGB1mRNA12h24h48h對(duì)照組360.48±0.180.30±0.21-0.16±0.44ANP組367.53±2.71a9.63±2.52a9.68±2.53a抗體組363.26±2.33ab4.30±1.13ab3.03±2.11ab組別只數(shù)肝臟HMGB1mRNA12h24h48h對(duì)照組36-1.23±0.37-2.90±0.97-4.98±1.08ANP組360.15±0.65a0.28±0.49a0.62±0.23a抗體組36-1.27±0.72b-2.61±0.54b-2.81±0.08b
注:與對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05;與ANP組比較,bP<0.05;t值范圍1.823~2.156、1.758~2.304、1.698~1.947
三、胰腺和肝臟組織學(xué)改變
對(duì)照組小鼠胰腺間質(zhì)輕度水腫,少許炎性細(xì)胞浸潤;ANP組小鼠24 h時(shí)見胰腺間質(zhì)充血水腫,中性粒細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞浸潤,腺泡細(xì)胞壞死,部分腺葉結(jié)構(gòu)消失,病理評(píng)分升高;抗體組小鼠24 h時(shí)的胰腺損傷較ANP組明顯減輕(表2,圖1上)。
對(duì)照組小鼠肝組織未見明顯變化;ANP組小鼠24 h時(shí)肝表面可見散在出血點(diǎn),鏡下見肝竇淤血,肝細(xì)胞水腫,散在壞死,肝細(xì)胞索排列紊亂,肝小葉失去正常結(jié)構(gòu),匯管區(qū)及肝小葉內(nèi)炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤, 48 h時(shí)肝損傷較前加重,病理評(píng)分顯著升高;抗體組小鼠24 h時(shí)肝臟病變程度較ANP組明顯減輕(圖1下)。
四、血清HMGB1水平與胰腺病理評(píng)分的相關(guān)性
ANP造模后24 h血清HMGB1水平與胰腺病理評(píng)分呈線性正相關(guān)(r=0.768,P<0.05,圖2)。
表2 各組胰腺組織病理評(píng)分的比較
注:與對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05;與ANP組比較,bP<0.05;t值范圍1.744~2.239
圖1ANP組(a)、抗體組(b)小鼠胰腺(上)及肝臟(下)的病理學(xué)改變(HE ×200)
圖2 血清HMGB1水平與胰腺病理評(píng)分的關(guān)系
五、各組小鼠血肝、腎功能變化
ANP組小鼠24 h時(shí)的血AMY、AST、ALT、LDH、BUN、Cr水平均較對(duì)照組顯著升高(P值均<0.05),抗體組則均較ANP組顯著下降(P值均<0.05,表3)。血清HMGB1水平與Cr、BUN、ALT水平呈線性正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.824、0.719、0.590,P值均<0.05) 。
表3 建模后24 h各組小鼠血肝、腎功能變化
注:與對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05;與ANP組比較,bP<0.05,t值范圍1.836~3.398
細(xì)胞外HMGB1是近來發(fā)現(xiàn)的晚期炎癥介質(zhì),是膿毒癥致死性多器官功能不全發(fā)生的重要介質(zhì)[9]。既往研究表明,HMGB1與重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)的發(fā)生及疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),并與SAP時(shí)多臟器功能受損相關(guān)。Luan等[10]報(bào)道,HMGB1參與了ANP大鼠腸道屏障功能受損的過程。體外實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),HMGB1以及B-box可能增加Caco-2腸黏膜上皮細(xì)胞的通透性,損害小鼠腸黏膜,導(dǎo)致腸道菌群易位,去除HMGB1蛋白可逆轉(zhuǎn)這種作用[11];進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),給健康和內(nèi)毒素血癥小鼠體內(nèi)注射HMGB1均可引起腸黏膜通透性增加、細(xì)菌易位和胃腸道屏障功能障礙[11],給予HMGBl抗體則可減輕這種屏障功能受損的程度。ANP急性肺損傷大鼠的肺組織HMGB-1 mRNA表達(dá)明顯升高,動(dòng)脈血氧分壓進(jìn)行性降低,應(yīng)用HMGB1抑制劑丙酮酸乙酯治療后大鼠肺組織HMGB-1 mRNA表達(dá)下降,動(dòng)脈血氧分壓升高,肺組織受損減輕[12]。
本研究采用腹腔內(nèi)注射L-精氨酸制備小鼠ANP模型,制模后小鼠血清HMGB1水平明顯升高,同時(shí)血清AMY、AST、ALT、LDH、BUN、Cr水平明顯升高,且血清HMGB1水平與血Cr、BUN、ALT呈線性正相關(guān)。此外,胰腺和肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA表達(dá)增加,胰腺組織病理評(píng)分與相應(yīng)血清HMGB1水平呈線性正相關(guān)。提示HMGB1參與了胰腺炎癥反應(yīng),也參與了組織受損和器官功能障礙的過程。應(yīng)用抗HMGB1單抗干預(yù)后小鼠血清HMGB1水平明顯下降,血清AMY、AST、ALT、BUN、Cr水平也明顯下降,胰腺組織損傷病理評(píng)分降低,胰腺及肝臟組織HMGB1 mRNA的表達(dá)顯著減少,提示HMGB1抗體可有效地拮抗HMGB1的促炎作用,減輕了ANP小鼠胰、肝、腎的病理損傷,與陳瑜等[13]報(bào)道的HMGB1抗體可明顯緩解肝臟缺血再灌注損傷,Ueno等[3]報(bào)道的減輕LPS誘導(dǎo)的大鼠損傷,Ogawa等[14]報(bào)道的過度通氣誘發(fā)小鼠的急性肺損傷的結(jié)果基本一致。這些研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)HMGB1可能是器官功能損害發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的惡化因子之一。
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(本文編輯:屠振興)
RoleofHMGB1inorganinjuryduringacutenecrotizingpancreatitisandprotectiveeffectofHMGB1monoclonalantibody
XIAMin,ZHANGTing,GUOJi-zhong,CHENWei-chang.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,WuxiPeople′sHospital,NanjingMedicalUniveisuty,Wuxi214043,China
XIAMin,Email:xmzb1013@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of organ injury of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).MethodsMale ICR mice were randomly allocated into control group, ANP group and HMGB1 monoclonal antibody group. ANP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20% L-arginine. Mice in HMGB1 monoclonal antibody group were given intraperitoneal injection of 200 μg of HMGB1 monoclonal antibody immediately after the induction of the ANP model. All the mice were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 48 h after ANP induction. Serum level of amylase and liver, renal function were determined, level of serum HMGB1 was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ,and then the pathologic changes of pancreas and liver were routinely observed and scored. The HMGB1 mRNA levels in the liver and pancreas were studied by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.ResultsThe serum levels of HMGB1 at 12 h in control group, ANP group and HMGB1 monoclonal antibody group were (9.09±1.03), (25.04±4.30),
(16.84±4.27)μg/L; and pathological scores of pancreatic tissue were (1.50±0.55), (4.33±0.52), (3.03±0.32) points; and HMGB1 mRNA expressions in pancreas were 0.48±0.18, 7.53±2.71, 3.26±2.33; HMGB1 mRNA expressions in liver were -1.23±0.37, 0.15±0.65, -1.27±0.72. The corresponding values in ANP group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). While the corresponding values in HMGB1 monoclonal antibody group were significantly lower than those in ANP group (P<0.05). There was a positive linear relationship between serum HMGB1 level and pancreatic pathological scores 24 h after ANP induction (r=0.768,P<0.05). In addition, the serum levels of AMY, AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, Cr showed a similar trend as that of serum level of HMGB1, and the serum level of HMGB1 was positively associated with serum levels of Cr, BUN and ALT (r=0.824, 0.719, 0.590,P<0.05).ConclusionsHMGB1 may be a key factor of inflammatory response and organ dysfunction of ANP in mice, and extrinsic supply of its monoclonal antibody may decrease the injuries of pancreas and other organs during ANP.
Pancreatits, acute necrotizing; High mobility group proteins; Antibodies, monoclonal
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2013.01.010
214023 無錫,南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬無錫人民醫(yī)院消化科(夏敏、郭繼中);江蘇省中醫(yī)院消化科(張婷);蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化科(陳衛(wèi)昌)
夏敏,Email: xmzb1013@163.com
2012-08-09)