（一） 知識概要

連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。

常有的并列連詞有and， both…and， either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also， as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有：but， however， while （而），only （只不過）。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，如：or， or else， otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for， so， therefore （因此），then等。

從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句，如：that， if， whether， 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句，常用的連接詞有：when， while， as， since， before， after， once， as soon as， until， till 連接條件狀語的連詞有：if， unless， as long as 等，而原因狀語的連接詞有because， since， as， now that （既然）。

目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有：so that， so…that， such…that， as…as， than， where… 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。

（二）正誤辨析

[誤] Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.

[正] Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.

[析] 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于漢語，如：Both of us are not right. 在英語中應(yīng)被理解為“我們倆不都對?！倍鳱either of us is right。 才能被理解為“我們倆無一正確”。

[誤] He or his parents has some tickets for the film.

[正] He or his parents have some tickets for the film.

[析] 由or 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個主語保持一致。

[誤] You should study hard， and you wont pass the exam.

[正] You should study hard， or you wont pass the exam.

[析] or作為連詞，這里的意思為“否則”。又如：Hurry up， or youll be late for school.

[誤] Though he is poor， but he is ready to help others.

[正] Though he is poor， he is ready to help others.

[正] He is poor， but he is ready to help others.

[析] “雖然……但是”是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，但在英文中用了“雖然”則不要用“但是”，用了“但是”則不能再用“雖然”，二者只可用其一。

[誤] Either you or I are on duty.

[正] Either you or I am on duty.

[析] either…or 連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞與相臨近的一個主語相呼應(yīng)，這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or， neither… nor， not only…but also等。

[誤] Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.

[正] Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.

[析] 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個系動詞時，后面的那個系動詞不可省略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。

[誤] My father likes swimming and to collect stamps.

[正] My father likes swimming and collecting stamps.

[析] 由并列連詞連接的兩個部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動名詞則都用動名詞，如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點。

[誤] My father is reading a newspaper， I am doing my homework.

[正] My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.

[析] 兩個并列句中間不可用逗號連接，要用并列連詞來連接。

[誤] My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.

[正] My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive.

[析] 賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個不能重復(fù)使用。

[誤] We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.

[正] We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.

[析] 用both…and…作連接詞時，其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。

[誤] Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.

[正] Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance.

[析] 由not only… but also…連接兩個主語時，其重點在其后面的那一個主語，所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。

[誤] The teacher as well as his students are coming.

[正] The teacher as well as his students is coming.

[析] 由as well as 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與as well as 后面的名詞無關(guān)，而與前面的名詞相一致。

[誤] Tom does not swim nor play football.

[正] Tom does not swim or play football.

[析] nor主要用于連接句子的對等連詞，如在否定句中連接某一部分時要用or， 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個動物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個動物不像牛而像馬。

[誤] For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home.

[正] The students must have gone home， for there is no light in the classroom.

[析] 由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時要注意不能將該從句置于句首，而應(yīng)置于主句之后，并在主句與從句之間加一逗號。更要注意的是because， as， since與for 4個表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系，是最強的一個，而for是最弱的一個。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞

[誤] My brother will pass the English exam is no question.

[正] That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.

[析] 主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點不要和賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。

[誤] This map will show you how will you get to the hotel.

[正] This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.

[析] 名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時，最重要的一點是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動詞，如：tell， ask， show…

[誤] While the clock struch ten， all the lights went out.

[正] When the clock struck ten， all the lights went out.

[析] while是強調(diào)兩個動作在同時進行中，如：While I am doing myhomework， my father is reading a newspaper. 而這里的when是“正當(dāng)某某時刻”，“就在這一時間點上”，其重點強調(diào)在某一特定時刻某動作的發(fā)生。

[誤] While I was walking along the street yesterday， I met an old friend.

[正] When I was walking along the street yesterday， I met an old friend.

[析] 這里用when表達在一個動作的進行中，另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。正在進行的動作用一進行時態(tài)，而突然發(fā)生的動作用一般時態(tài)。

[誤] While I heard the bad news I felt sad.

[正] When I heard the bad news， I felt sad.

[析] while不能表達一點兒的時間，即瞬時某一時間點。

[誤] After school some students play football， or others go to the library.

[正] After school some students play football， while others go to the library.

[析] while在此處意為“而，然而”。

[誤] She sang when she walked along the dark street.

[正] She sang as she walked along the dark street.

[析] as用于句中時，其要點是強調(diào)兩個動作的同時進行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯誤，但則看不出來小女孩因獨自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。

[誤] I finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.

[正] I didnt finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.

[正] I did my homework until twelve oclock last night.

[析] until用在句中時其含義是某一動作一直持續(xù)到某時結(jié)束，那么句中的動詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，如果要用瞬間，或截止性動詞時一定要用否定句式。因截止性動作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動作。如離開leave是瞬間動作，因一出門即為離開了，而不離開則是長時間的。

[誤] I have studied English when I was twelve.

[正] I have studied English since I was twelve.

[析] since引出的時間狀語從句是表達了一個時間點，而這個時間點是主句動作的啟始點，所以主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。

[誤] Because he didnt study hard， so he didnt pass the exam.

[正] He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard.

[析] because 與 so在英文中兩者不能并用的，只能在句中用其一。

[誤] He was such excited that he could not speak.

[正] He was so excited that he could not speak.

[析] so與such的用法可以分為四種情況

①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it. 也可以用so， 其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it.

②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時只能用such， 如：It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如：They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily.

③在few， little， much， many 這4個字前只能用so而不能用such， 如：I have so much money that I can buy everything I want.

④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時，這時只能用so， 如：She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.

[誤] He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus.

[正] He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the first bus.

[正] He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.

[析] so…that與so that的用法有相同之處，那就是其后接從句，而so as to 其后要接不定式，即動詞原形。這樣的詞組還有：in order to。

[誤] I want to buy same stamp that you have.

[正] I want to buy the same stamp as you have.

[析] the same…as （that）這是個固定用法，在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而the same…that意為“我要的就是那一個”。而the same…as為“要的是和……一樣的東西”。

[誤] Before I do not give you the answer， Ill ask you some questions.

[正] Before I give you the answer， Ill ask you some questions.

[析] 這種錯誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講“我沒給你答案前”。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。

（三） 例題解析

1 We bought Granny a present， ___ she didnt like it.

A. but B. and C. or D. so

[答案] A.

[析] 由于句意的原因，應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

2 Run quickly， ___ well miss the early train.

A. and B. but C. so D. or

[答案] D.

[析] or這里應(yīng)譯為：否則。

3 Ill give the book to him ___ he comes back.

A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until

[答案] B.

[析] as soon as 引出的時間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。

4 Dont cross the road ___ the light turns green.

A. when B. while C. until D. as

[答案] C.

[析] until應(yīng)譯為“直到……才”，因為前面的祈使句為否定句。又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 應(yīng)譯為“直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺”。

5 Miss Gao has been a teacher ___ 1990.

A. before B. after C. since D. in

[答案] C.

[析] 因為主句為完成時，所以應(yīng)用 since表示該動作的啟始點。

6 —Which would you like better， tea ___ milk？

—Tea， please.

A. but B. and C. or D. with

[答案] C.

[析] 在疑問句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。

7 We love spring ___ theres beautiful flowers every where.

A. though B. but C. or D. because

[答案] D.

[析] 因為這里表示的是因果關(guān)系。

8 Please leave ___ 7∶00， then youll be able to get ___ there earlier.

A. till， in B. from， / C. before， / D. behind， to

[答案] C.

[析] before為在7∶00之前離開。

9 The teacher didnt begin the lesson ___ all the students stopped talking.

A. until B. after C. if D. because

[答案] A.

[析] 這句應(yīng)譯為“直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開始上課”。因begin為瞬間動詞，所以應(yīng)用否定句。

10 Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill.

A. but B. until C. if D. because

[答案] D.

[析] 這里是表示因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用because。因為她病了所以未去看電影。

11 You must start right now， ___ youll miss the train.

A. for B. and C. so D. or

[答案] D.

[析] or譯為“否則”。本句句意為：你必須馬上走了，否則要趕不上火車了。

12 ___ he is a child of six， he can read and write.

A. Whose B. If C. Though D. Because

[答案] C.

[析] 這種狀語從句在英語中稱為讓步狀語從句，應(yīng)譯為：雖然他才是個6歲的孩子，他卻可以讀書和寫字。

13 I like fish， ___ chicken， ___ eggs.

A. and， and B. and， with C. /， and D. and， /

[答案] C.

[析] 在有若干個名詞或動詞出現(xiàn)時，每一個詞之間只用逗號連接，只在最后兩個詞之間加and。如：The old man passed the street， went into a shop and bought some food。

14 Take this dictionary with you ___ you may use it in class.

A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that

[答案] D.

[析] so that應(yīng)譯為“為的是”。本句句義為：帶上字典，為的是在上課時可能有用。而in order to 其后應(yīng)接動詞不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。

15 I hope ___ will be fine tomorrow.

A. it B. what C. whether D. when

[答案] A.

[析] hope后接的是賓語從句，而且賓語從句中少主語，應(yīng)用it來代替天氣。

16 ___ she was not well， I decided to go without her.

A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of

[答案] B.

[析] as這里應(yīng)譯為“由于”。全句意為：由于她不舒服，我決定不帶她去了。而because of 其后不能接從句只能接賓語。如： Because of the heavy rain， we decided not to go。

17 My aunt bought me ___ many story books that I spent a lot of time them.

A. such…on B. such…in C. too…in D so…on

[答案] D.

[析] 因many前只能用so來修飾，所以只能選擇D選項。而spend…on something 為在某事上花費時間或錢。如：She spent a lot of money on her clothes。

18 Mother was cooking ___ she ___ a knock at the door.

A. when， listen to B. while， listened to C. while， heard D. when， heard

[答案] D.

[析] when在這里應(yīng)譯為：就在那時，那一刻，那一瞬間。

19 Speak slowly， ___ we can understand you.

A. and B. or C. if D. because

[答案] A.

[析] and這里是并列連詞，應(yīng)譯為：請講慢些這樣我們就會明白你的意思。

20 Youll learn English well ___ you put your heart into it.

A. if B. so C. until D. or

[答案] A.

[析] 本句譯為：如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上，你就會將英語學(xué)好。

[答案] B.

21 I wont let you in ___ you show me your pass.

A. until B. for C. since D. because

[答案] A.

22 She didnt go to school ___ she was ill.

A. why B. because C. where D. but

[答案] B.