建筑設計：坂茂建筑事務所

海地紙制緊急避難所，海地

建筑設計：坂茂建筑事務所

1 在UNIBE大學演示海地紙制緊急避難所裝配過程/Prototype assemblageprocess of Paper Emergency Shelters - Haiti at campus of UNIBE

2 太子港周邊的帳篷區(qū)/A tent village of slum in the suburb of Port-au Prince

3 難民/Victims

2010年1月12日，一場7.0級的大地震襲擊了海地首都太子港附近一帶。地震導致當?shù)亟ㄖ镌馐芰藝乐氐膿p害，120萬人失去了自己的家園，超過50萬人被迫生活在甚至不能防水的手工避難帳篷中。坂茂與來自多明尼加共和國的伊比利亞美洲大學以及修女總管天主教神學大學的教授和學生們合作，計劃建造100座由紙筒和當?shù)夭牧蠘?gòu)成的避難所，為部分災民提供庇護。（司馬蕾 譯）

On January 12, 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake struck the vicinity of Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The buildings were severely damaged. 1.2 million people lost their homes and more than half a million people were forced to take shelter in the hand-made tents that are not even water proof. Shigeru Ban and the professors and students from PUCMM of the Dominican Republic worked together to build 100 emergency sanctuaries of paper tubes and local materials to provide shelter for part of the victims.

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目團隊/Project Team: Shigeru Ban Architects, Keio University SFC Shigeru Ban Laboratory, Voluntary Architects' Network, Students from Harvard University, UNIBE (Universidad Ibero Americana), PUCMM Santiago/ Santo Domingo

建成時間/Construction Period: 2010.08

4 區(qū)位/Location

6 草圖/Sketch

評論

馮江：坂茂在太子港更多地扮演了戶外裝備設計師的角色，避難所是帳篷設計與家具設計的結(jié)合。每個緊急避難所的尺寸約為3.45m×4.0m，由22根紙管（其中10根長1.85m，12根長1.3m）、18個膠合木制節(jié)點、18根斜向拉索、兩種塑料薄膜、膠樁、膠釘和一些綁扎條組裝而成。頂面覆蓋有兩層不同的薄膜，可以防水，雨水可通過避難所四周的排水淺溝排走。

青鋒：紙管材料的輕便、廉價、易于修改使得它在緊急人道救援中具有特別的潛能，尤其是在海地這樣缺乏救援物資供給的地方。紙管避難所實際上是一個用紙管做骨架的帳篷，紙管的強度不在話下，真正的難處在于節(jié)點。木制節(jié)點替代原設計中的塑料定制節(jié)點，以減弱可靠性的代價增強在當?shù)刂圃斓目赡苄?。嚴峻的現(xiàn)實是，在海地，即使這樣的木制節(jié)點也可能是奢侈和難以制備的。

Comments

FENG Jiang: Shigeru Ban acts more like a designer of camping equipment in Port-au-Prince. The emergency shelter is a combination of tent and furniture. Each shelter is in size of 3.45m×4.0m and consists of 22 paper tubes (10 of which are 1.85m long and 12 are 1.3m), 18 plywood joints, 18 stayed ropes, 2 kinds of plaster sheets, plaster anchors, plastic pegs, fasteners etc. The roof is covered with two different layers of plastic water-proof sheets. The rain may be diverted away by the drains around the shelter.

QING Feng: Cheap, easy to construct and amend, paper tubes have large potentials in emergent disasterrelief constructions, especially in Haiti, a place so lacking in relief supplies. The project is actually a tent of paper tube structure. The strength of paper tube is not a problem. The crucial point is the joints. The pre-fabricated plastic joints were replaced by wooden ones. As a result, the feasibility of local fabrication is increased at the sacrifice of stability. But the harsh reality is that even such wood joints were too luxurious and too difficult to be pre-fabricated in Haiti.

Paper Emergency Shelters - Haiti, Haiti, 2010

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects

7.8 剖面/Section

9 細部/Detail

10 裝配示意/Assembling procedure

11 構(gòu)件/Components

12.13 在UNIBE大學演示海地紙制緊急避難所裝配過程/Prototype assemblage process of Paper Emergency Shelters - Haiti at campus of UNIBE