顧燕平,任彥艷,李有為,梁 冰
(1.遼寧省水文水資源勘測(cè)局,遼寧沈陽(yáng) 110003;2.遼寧省水文水資源勘測(cè)局本溪分局,遼寧本溪 117022)
遼寧省水情易信通系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用探索
顧燕平1,任彥艷2,李有為1,梁 冰1
(1.遼寧省水文水資源勘測(cè)局,遼寧沈陽(yáng) 110003;2.遼寧省水文水資源勘測(cè)局本溪分局,遼寧本溪 117022)
當(dāng)前防汛對(duì)信息服務(wù)的要求不斷提高,為滿足高信息量以及高時(shí)效性等需求,使防汛部門的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和工作人員能夠隨時(shí)隨地的獲得實(shí)時(shí)汛情信息,融合了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)、3G 通訊技術(shù)、地理信息系統(tǒng)、智能移動(dòng)終端,開(kāi)發(fā)了遼寧省水情易信通系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)在防汛水情決策支持中充分應(yīng)用。該系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用,為防汛抗旱、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮等提供更有效、更專用的水文信息查詢服務(wù)和決策支持。
易信通;功能;架構(gòu);應(yīng)用;遼寧
隨著水利信息化建設(shè)和防汛決策支持系統(tǒng)的不斷深入,遼寧水利防汛防旱水平不斷提高、管理技術(shù)手段不斷更新,到目前為止,已先后完成了省市縣 3 級(jí)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)、計(jì)算機(jī)局域網(wǎng)、防汛會(huì)商系統(tǒng)含異地會(huì)商系統(tǒng)、水情站雨量遙測(cè)和部分水位遙測(cè)系統(tǒng)建設(shè),具備了部分工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)化監(jiān)控以及防汛防旱信息迅速收集、傳遞和分析的能力,為防汛防旱、水環(huán)境改善和水資源調(diào)度起到了有效的支撐。但實(shí)現(xiàn)諸多數(shù)據(jù)的有效集成和數(shù)據(jù)共享等與現(xiàn)實(shí)需求存在差距?;谶@種情況,遼寧省水文局進(jìn)行了基于智能移動(dòng)終端的移動(dòng)決策支持系統(tǒng)——水情易信通系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。
1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)
此系統(tǒng)由智能移動(dòng)終端 (Ipad、Iphone 以及Andriod 智能手機(jī))和后臺(tái)服務(wù)組成。用戶通過(guò)外網(wǎng)接入應(yīng)用服務(wù)器,提供系統(tǒng)所需服務(wù),管理員通過(guò)水利骨干網(wǎng)登錄后臺(tái)系統(tǒng),對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行維護(hù)。
智能移動(dòng)終端通過(guò)公共無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接到應(yīng)用服務(wù)器,服務(wù)器根據(jù)客戶端的 UDID 或設(shè)備編碼進(jìn)行權(quán)限判斷,并提供相應(yīng)的信息服務(wù)。
1.2 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)
系統(tǒng)采用3層架構(gòu),數(shù)據(jù)源使用國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雨水情數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)相對(duì)模塊化,接口開(kāi)放化,為以后的技術(shù)更新與功能升級(jí)留出接口;利用Mobile 技術(shù),支持移動(dòng)訪問(wèn),共享各種水情、氣象、遙測(cè)等數(shù)據(jù)。系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)圖見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)圖
系統(tǒng)通過(guò) B/S方式提供后臺(tái)服務(wù)功能,前端則利用無(wú)線設(shè)備提供包括實(shí)時(shí)雨情、水情查詢?cè)趦?nèi)的九項(xiàng)功能。
2.1 服務(wù)端功能
后臺(tái)采用 B/S 結(jié)構(gòu),為系統(tǒng)的管理和維護(hù)人員提供用戶管理、知識(shí)庫(kù)文件管理、簡(jiǎn)報(bào)管理和通訊錄設(shè)置管理等管理功能。
1)用戶管理:提供用戶查詢和維護(hù)界面。
2)知識(shí)庫(kù)管理:知識(shí)庫(kù)維護(hù)界面,負(fù)責(zé)添加、修改、刪除知識(shí)庫(kù)信息。
3)簡(jiǎn)報(bào)管理:簡(jiǎn)報(bào)維護(hù)界面,負(fù)責(zé)添加、修改、刪除簡(jiǎn)報(bào)信息。
4)通訊錄管理:通訊錄維護(hù)界面,負(fù)責(zé)添加、修改、刪除通訊錄信息,同時(shí)提供通訊錄的導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出功能。
2.2 終端功能
前臺(tái)在智能終端上提供了雨情信息、水情信息、水情簡(jiǎn)報(bào)、氣象信息、臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑、衛(wèi)星云圖、測(cè)站查詢、通訊錄、知識(shí)庫(kù)等九項(xiàng)功能。
1)雨情信息。該功能對(duì)測(cè)站進(jìn)行分時(shí)段統(tǒng)計(jì),包括 1,3,6h 降雨,可以按任意時(shí)段,統(tǒng)計(jì)最近 7 d 的降雨,提供 24h 降雨分布圖的查看。對(duì)于雨情測(cè)站,可以查看雨情測(cè)站的詳細(xì)信息,并可以在地圖上對(duì)測(cè)站進(jìn)行定位顯示。支持進(jìn)行特定行政區(qū)域、流域的查詢。雨情信息查詢流程圖見(jiàn)圖 2。
圖2 雨情信息查詢流程圖
同時(shí),根據(jù)各時(shí)段的降雨強(qiáng)度,對(duì)測(cè)站進(jìn)行匯總;可以指定查詢的行政區(qū)劃范圍或者流域范圍;可以查看某個(gè)雨強(qiáng)所對(duì)應(yīng)的降雨測(cè)站一覽以及測(cè)站的7d降雨變化過(guò)程。
2)水情信息
用于統(tǒng)計(jì)當(dāng)前處于超警狀態(tài)的河道站、水庫(kù)站、潮位站數(shù)量,顯示超警測(cè)站的一覽信息,提供最近7天的水位流量過(guò)程線。提供水情測(cè)站的詳細(xì)信息的查詢,在地圖上對(duì)測(cè)站進(jìn)行定位顯示[3],并進(jìn)行特定行政區(qū)域、流域的查詢。
從訪問(wèn)方式上可以分為超警查詢和普通查詢。①超警測(cè)站:直接統(tǒng)計(jì)和顯示具有超警信息的測(cè)站統(tǒng)計(jì),用于聚焦熱點(diǎn)。支持進(jìn)一步查詢測(cè)站詳細(xì)信息、衛(wèi)星定位、水位過(guò)程線等信息。②全部測(cè)站查詢:針對(duì)河道站、水庫(kù)站、潮位站的全量查詢。支持進(jìn)一步查詢測(cè)站詳細(xì)信息、衛(wèi)星定位、水位過(guò)程線、流量過(guò)程線等信息。
3)水情簡(jiǎn)報(bào):提供上傳最新水情簡(jiǎn)報(bào)的功能,能夠?qū)Σ煌袷降暮?jiǎn)報(bào)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)變換??梢愿鶕?jù)重力感應(yīng)對(duì)屏幕顯示進(jìn)行自適應(yīng),達(dá)到最佳顯示效果。另外支持多點(diǎn)觸摸的放大縮小。
4)氣象信息:氣象信息中顯示最近 3d 的天氣預(yù)報(bào),24,48,72h 的數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)。
5)衛(wèi)星云圖:此模塊自動(dòng)獲取最新衛(wèi)星云圖,查看當(dāng)前的衛(wèi)星云圖,可以根據(jù)重力感應(yīng)對(duì)屏幕顯示進(jìn)行自適應(yīng),達(dá)到最佳顯示效果。支持多點(diǎn)觸摸的放大縮小。
6)臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑:此模塊可以提供最新和歷史的臺(tái)風(fēng)信息,提供臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑顯示。查看當(dāng)前太平洋上的臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑;顯示中國(guó)、日本、美國(guó)等地的預(yù)報(bào)信息;顯示當(dāng)前點(diǎn)的風(fēng)圈信息;查看歷史臺(tái)風(fēng)的詳細(xì)信息。
7)測(cè)站查詢:提供用戶自由輸入,查詢測(cè)站和顯示測(cè)站信息的功能。同時(shí)提供了熱點(diǎn)測(cè)站收藏的功能,方便查詢經(jīng)常關(guān)注的站點(diǎn)。
8)通訊錄:該功能用于查找防汛工作中,各級(jí)防汛相關(guān)人員的聯(lián)系方式,并支持直接撥號(hào),提高工作效率。
9)知識(shí)庫(kù):提供防汛中的一些知識(shí)資料,如河流水系、報(bào)汛站網(wǎng)、暴雨洪水、水庫(kù)特性以及常用防汛相關(guān)知識(shí),為日常防汛工作提供支持。
系統(tǒng)自 2011 年 5 月末正式投入使用,經(jīng)過(guò) 2年多的應(yīng)用,得出以下結(jié)論。
1)先進(jìn)性。軟件開(kāi)發(fā)采用當(dāng)前最先進(jìn)的軟硬件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái),融合了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)、3G 通訊技術(shù)、地理信息系統(tǒng),在對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)水文行業(yè)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集入庫(kù)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)防汛工作中迫切需要解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題對(duì)軟件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā),并對(duì)將來(lái)可能增加的新業(yè)務(wù)與數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)留接口,保證了系統(tǒng)的先進(jìn)性。
2)實(shí)用性。充分發(fā)揮智能終端平臺(tái)的大畫面、操作簡(jiǎn)單、速度快、重力感應(yīng)等特點(diǎn)。適合水利部門人員使用,便于隨時(shí)隨地掌握防汛信息。
3)實(shí)時(shí)性。系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了與遼寧實(shí)時(shí)水情數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的動(dòng)態(tài)連接,實(shí)時(shí)提取最新雨水情數(shù)據(jù)并加工處理為客戶端需要的格式,各種預(yù)報(bào)信息和報(bào)警信息可實(shí)時(shí)查詢。實(shí)時(shí)信息做到 5min 更新一次,基本信息 12h更新一次。
4)安全性。系統(tǒng)采用多用戶機(jī)制,對(duì)用戶進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證,各用戶之間相互屏蔽。在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安全性方面,對(duì)不同用戶設(shè)定不同的權(quán)限,使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的各種對(duì)象得到最大限度的保護(hù)。
5)擴(kuò)展性。系統(tǒng)具有很強(qiáng)的擴(kuò)展性,對(duì)今后增加的信息量增加預(yù)留接口,并允許用戶通過(guò)后臺(tái)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)報(bào)類型、知識(shí)庫(kù)類型的擴(kuò)充,便于今后根據(jù)防汛內(nèi)容的變化進(jìn)行調(diào)整和擴(kuò)展。
系統(tǒng)針對(duì)防汛水情服務(wù)需要,基于智能移動(dòng)終端和地理信息技術(shù),集水情信息的采集、傳輸、查詢、統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析、預(yù)警于一體,是一套可靠性高、實(shí)時(shí)性和實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、安全性高的面向遼寧防汛工作的開(kāi)放式業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),能讓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和廣大水文、防汛工作人員隨時(shí)隨地了解實(shí)時(shí)水文信息,為防汛抗旱、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮等提供更有效、更專用的水文信息查詢服務(wù)。
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[Abstract]As a clean energy,the hydropower station has the advantages of the renewable,non-polluting,the low operating cost,and so on,which could not only improve the resource utilization efficiency,but also improve econom ic efficiency significantly.The paper introduces in detail the development process,the overall design scheme,the system design and realize and application effect o f the computer automation system for the hydro power station of Baishi reservoir in Liaoning province.The study would deepen understanding to the computer automation system of the small hydropower stationsand enlarge application of the computer automation system in the smallhydropower stations.
[Key words]computer automation;Baishi reservoir;operation efficiency
Design of rubber dam in cold area
LIU Li,TANG Zhen-hua,ZHANG Da-peng
As a new type hydraulic structures,the rubber dam has the advantages of the low cost,the simple structure,the short construction period,the good seism ic resistance,the easymaintenance,the finemodeling,and so on,isw idely used in the fieldsof the gate and dam projects,the irrigation canalproject,the coastal breakwater, the urban river controland the landscape engineering athome and abroad.Combined w ith the engineering design examples,the paper explores the key technology of anti-freeze design in cold area,which could provide some reference for the sim ilar projects.
cold area;rubber dam;design;anti-freeze
Design of flocculation process of water treatment p lant in Changhai county
ZHOU Qing-chun
[Abstract]The tourism is themain development in Changhai county in future.The visitor reaches itspeak from July to September in the summer,also is the water consumption.The water consumption is relatively less in spring and autumn and least in winter.Based on the characteristicsof the water consumption,the paper discusses the design improvement of flocculation process on the basis of the traditional process for the water treatment plant,which iswelladapted to the water demand of the four seasons in Changhai county.
[Key words]water consumption;water treatment plant;folded plate flocculator;sludge discharge
App lication of wavelet hydrological analysis in annual precipitation analysis
XU Min
[Abstract]An important task of the hydrology is the medium and long term hydrological forecasting for the hydrological factors.At present,the methods of the parameter estimation,the multiple regression and linear correlation are used generally.Based on the theory of the wavelet hydrological analysis,the paper discusses the variation characteristicsof themultiple time scales of the precipitation time series and findsout the evolution and trendsof precipitation time series at the different time scales,which could provide the analysis basis for themedi um and long term forecasting of the precipitation.
[Key words]wavelet hydrologicalanalysis;time scale;precipitation
Com prehensive evaluation of water environment quality in Fuzhouhe river
TENG Yu
[Abstract]According to the water quality monitoring data from 2006 to 2009,the single factor evaluation and the comprehensive evaluation aremade for the water environment of Fuzhouhe river by using the water quality identification index method.The results of the four sections show that the water quality grades of the Songshu reservoir and the Fuzhouhe bridge sections are class Ⅱand class Ⅲ which aremeeting the water function target, the Caifangshen bridge section is the class ⅣorⅤ,and is the lower than one or two grade of the water function target.The ammonia nitrogen,petroleum and chem ical oxygen demand are themain water quality indicators to affect the water quality of Fuzhouhe river.Comparing w ith the organic pollution indexmethod,the water quality information obtained from the identification indexmethod ismore accurate and objective.
[[Key words]Fuzhouhe river;water quality evaluation;identification indexmethod
App lication discussion of low im pact development idea in overall urban p lanning of drought region
LIU Jun,LIDong-xue
[Abstract]The rational utilization of the water resources is an important issue of urban sustainable development in drought region.According to the characteristics o f the regional climatic conditions and the water resources utilization status in Jimunai county,the paper proposes that the low impact development idea are used for the design of urban water-saving project and the appropriate technicalmeans and engineering measures are adopted to improve the utilization efficiency of regional water resources and realize the optim ization and sustainable development of the urban ecologicalenvironment.
[Key words]low impact development;drought;overall urban planning;water-saving project;Jimunai county of X injiang
Analysis of variation characteristics of hydrological factor in mainstream of Hunhe river
GUO Rui
[Abstract]The paper analyzes the interannual changesof precipitation,runoff,evaporation and sediment discharge for the 4 stationsof themain stream of Hunhe river by using the linear trend estimation method and the Kendall rank correlation test.The results show that the change trends of the precipitation and the sediment discharge are not significant for the 4 stations,the change trend of the runoff is not significant for the 3 stations except that decreasing trend is the obviousat the Fushun station,the evaporation of Shenyang station has the obvious increas ing trend and the Beikouqian station no change.
[Key words]Hunhe river;hydrological factor;characteristicsanalysis
Analysis of hazards rescission of concrete dam cracks by setting work joint
SHINing-yan
[Abstract]The crack in the concrete dam is a common phenomenon.How to control,there are many research resultspublished at home and abroad,but the simple and easy operation methodsare notmuch.Based on the law and experience summary of the dam crack,the setting work jointmethod is used for some important partsof the dam,which is partly adopted the roller compacted concrete of Baishi reservoir,and then it has taken preventive effect and achieved the aim of easy construction.
[Key words]work joint;dam cracks;Baishi reservoir
App lication analysis of automation system for Baishihydropower station
WANG Ying
P338+.9
A
1002-0624(2014)04-0068-03
2013-12-11