張曉梅

（遼寧省柴河水庫管理局 ,遼寧 鐵嶺 112000）

柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制分析

張曉梅

（遼寧省柴河水庫管理局 ,遼寧 鐵嶺 112000）

水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程由于運(yùn)行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，不確定因素多，工程項(xiàng)目和數(shù)量變化較大，由此引起工程投資的變化。文章通過柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程建設(shè)管理，對(duì)投資控制進(jìn)行了分析、總結(jié)，并提出建議。

除險(xiǎn)加固 ;投資控制;柴河水庫

1 概述

柴河水庫位于遼河中游左側(cè)一級(jí)支流柴河上，壩址座落在鐵嶺縣熊官屯鄉(xiāng)大白梨溝村，距鐵嶺市區(qū) 12 km 處，是一座以防洪、灌溉、工業(yè)和城市供水為主，兼顧發(fā)電、養(yǎng)魚等綜合利用的大Ⅱ型水利樞紐工程。

柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程建設(shè)工期為 2年，工程批復(fù)總投資為 4 820.11 萬元。由于工程規(guī)模大，線長(zhǎng)面廣，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，涉及專業(yè)多，更加受到經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、自然資源因素的制約，投資控制的難度大。從招標(biāo)開始，項(xiàng)目法人就把投資控制作為重點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持全過程、全方位投資控制理念。2010 年 8月 30 日審計(jì)確認(rèn)完成投資 4 821.9 萬元，與批復(fù)投資基本一致，柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制取得這樣的成果主要在3個(gè)方面起到了決定性作用。

2 設(shè)計(jì)工作對(duì)投資控制起主導(dǎo)作用

水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程的特殊性和不確定性致使設(shè)計(jì)工作在常規(guī)工作條件下，還得綜合考慮其他因素，以達(dá)到合理的、能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)最終目的。設(shè)計(jì)工作對(duì)投資控制是起著主導(dǎo)作用的，主要做好以下 2個(gè)方面工作。

1）強(qiáng)化初步設(shè)計(jì)階段，保證設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容不缺項(xiàng)

總概算是初步設(shè)計(jì)的重要組成部分，它必須準(zhǔn)確地反映設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其深度應(yīng)滿足控制投資計(jì)劃安排和籌集資金的要求。因此，對(duì)除險(xiǎn)加固工程項(xiàng)目、部位、內(nèi)容、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、施工組織都要細(xì)化，對(duì)隱蔽工程等不確定工程量和勘測(cè)資料或數(shù)據(jù)不齊全，應(yīng)有足夠的富裕度。

2）注重實(shí)施階段設(shè)計(jì)工作，保證投資不超概

為加強(qiáng)工程建設(shè)管理，依據(jù)《建設(shè)工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)管理?xiàng)l例》和《建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例》等有關(guān)規(guī)定，嚴(yán)格按照基本建設(shè)管理程序，規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)變更行為，制定了《柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程設(shè)計(jì)工作準(zhǔn)則》，切實(shí)做好設(shè)計(jì)變更工作。

3 招標(biāo)工作對(duì)投資控制起決定作用

項(xiàng)目法人成立后，積極與設(shè)計(jì)部門溝通，對(duì)工程內(nèi)容反復(fù)實(shí)地查勘，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，不斷挖掘合理、節(jié)約工程投資的潛力。

1）結(jié)合工程實(shí)際，對(duì)加固方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的方案有上游壩坡選擇利用料翻砌，102 m 高程以下堆石護(hù)坡；下游壩采取分層鋪筑，基層利用原來合格的料。泄洪洞加固時(shí)滲漏點(diǎn)、滲漏面采用不同的方案；溢洪道底板分段處理等。

2）組建專門機(jī)構(gòu)，對(duì)所需材料來源分布、數(shù)量和市場(chǎng)價(jià)格進(jìn)行調(diào)查，形成多方案分析報(bào)告，專門進(jìn)行研究確定。

3）認(rèn)真審核招標(biāo)文件各部分內(nèi)容，尤其是招標(biāo)圖紙和工程量清單，盡量不要有漏項(xiàng)，審查計(jì)算不要有錯(cuò)誤，避免在實(shí)施階段引起承包人不必要的索賠和設(shè)計(jì)變更等。

4）根據(jù)加固工程的工期安排和施工布置等，合理劃分工程標(biāo)段項(xiàng)目、各合同標(biāo)段的工程任務(wù)界限和招標(biāo)時(shí)間。柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程劃分為 3個(gè)標(biāo)段，分別為泄洪洞尾水渠水毀修復(fù)應(yīng)急工程、一標(biāo)段（大壩、溢洪道、泄洪洞加固、房屋建筑改造、交通工程及水環(huán)境保護(hù)工程等）和二標(biāo)段（大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)自動(dòng)化改造工程）。

5）嚴(yán)格按照招標(biāo)投標(biāo)法進(jìn)行招標(biāo)和投標(biāo)，認(rèn)真評(píng)審?fù)稑?biāo)文件。對(duì)各投標(biāo)文件都要認(rèn)真審核，注重投標(biāo)工程量清單、單價(jià)分析表、主要材料預(yù)算價(jià)格表和取費(fèi)表是否前后呼應(yīng)，是否存在表述不清、詞義模糊不清容易產(chǎn)生分歧的問題。以避免將來結(jié)算時(shí)產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議。若存在上述問題，需要書面澄清。

4 管理工作對(duì)投資控制起關(guān)鍵作用

管理工作是指實(shí)施階段各參建單位包括建設(shè)單位、設(shè)計(jì)單位、監(jiān)理單位、施工單位和其他協(xié)作單位的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理工作，各方除按照建設(shè)管理規(guī)定和合同要求履行各自職責(zé)外，還注重到以下問題：

1）規(guī)范施工過程中的設(shè)計(jì)變更程序，加強(qiáng)審查、審核和批準(zhǔn)工作：①重大設(shè)計(jì)變更必須經(jīng)過原審批部門的批準(zhǔn)，對(duì)于通過設(shè)計(jì)變更擴(kuò)大工程建設(shè)規(guī)模，提高工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的均屬于重大設(shè)計(jì)變更。②現(xiàn)場(chǎng)除重大設(shè)計(jì)變更且必要的設(shè)計(jì)變更，先作工程量和造價(jià)的增減分析，經(jīng)建設(shè)單位同意，設(shè)計(jì)單位出具相應(yīng)的圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)變更（補(bǔ)充）通知單。對(duì)不符合程序的變更、便條等工程量不予以認(rèn)可。③強(qiáng)監(jiān)理和施工單位提出變更的管理。監(jiān)理單位和施工單位發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)圖中或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工過程中有需要變更的問題，必須征求建設(shè)單位和設(shè)計(jì)單位的意見，不允許擅自進(jìn)行變更，對(duì)監(jiān)理單位和施工單位擅自變更設(shè)計(jì)的，不予以認(rèn)可。

2）嚴(yán)格現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程量簽證的確認(rèn)和審查。盡管經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)深化和工程量清單詳審，但水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程難以預(yù)料的情況很多，仍有很多現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證。因此，在明確簽證程序和要求之外，還要從幾個(gè)方面嚴(yán)格控制：①清單中包含的項(xiàng)目或內(nèi)容不得進(jìn)行簽證，已簽證的工程量，應(yīng)予以扣除。②工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證必須有建設(shè)單位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)代表、工程部負(fù)責(zé)人、主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、設(shè)計(jì)代表、監(jiān)理單位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理、總監(jiān)理工程師、施工單位工程部、合同部、技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人和項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理簽字蓋章。③審查現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證的項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容是否與合同要求一致、清楚，工程量計(jì)算、規(guī)格、單位和日期是否準(zhǔn)確。

綜上所述，水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，需要進(jìn)行全方位、全過程的管理。通過該工程的實(shí)踐，可以表明建設(shè)前期和設(shè)計(jì)階段是控制投資最起決定性的作用，且挖掘潛力很大，應(yīng)該予以高度重視。同時(shí)，建設(shè)單位要緊緊抓住設(shè)計(jì)階段和招標(biāo)階段，控制施工階段，才能很好地控制整個(gè)項(xiàng)目工程投資，對(duì)物價(jià)上漲、材料短缺等困難有所準(zhǔn)備，最終在批復(fù)概算限額內(nèi)完成工程建設(shè)任務(wù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程目的

[Abstract]Atpresent,the seedling transplantation is themain cultivation pattern of the rice in China.Based on the little water requirement during the rice seedling,the water consumption of the rice isusually the field transpiration after the transplantation.Comparing the experimental data of the rice deep water irrigation and rice shallow wet irrigation,the paper analyzes the rice water requirement and the requirement regular under the different irrigation ways,which propose the constructive suggestions for the optim izing irrigation patterns,water-saving irrigation and the significance of the water resourcesassessment.

[Key words]w ater requirement;flood irrigation;shallow wet irrigation;phreatic evaporation;water saving irrigation;Liaohe river

Selection ofmain dam type of W endegen hydro project in water conveyance project from Chaoerhe river to Xiliaohe river

WU Yun-zheng,YIN Yi-guang,ZHAO Xian-jian,DU Xing-yang

The natural building materialsare them ore speciesand the large reserves in the near o f themain dam site of W endegen hydro project,which includes the stone,gravel sand,clay material,alkaline aggregate,and so on.The paper describes the constructional dam type,analyzes the factors of the natural building material index, material field land,m ining transportation,construction condition,soil and water conservation,environmental protection and the project investment,compares the advantagesand disadvantagesof the each dam type and selects the clay-core sand-gravel dam by using the careful selection.

water conveyance from Chaoerhe to Xiliaohe river;W endegen hydro project;main dam;dam type selection

Position selection of working gate chamber for spillway and diversion tunnel of Pangduo hydro project

FAN Jing-chun,DONG Yan-chao,SHILiang-liang,GU Bin

[Abstract]The spillway and diversion tunnel of Pangduo hydro project undertakes the tasks of the construction diversion,the ecological discharge,the flood discharge and reservoir emptying,it is the typical case ofmore use w ith one tunnel.The paper discusses the problemsof the position selection ofworking gate chamber and tunnel pressure state and provides the some experience,which provides the reference for the sim ilar project design.

[Key words]spillway and diversion tunnel;working gate chamber;position selection;tunnelpressure state；Pangduo hydro project

Review of concrete face rock fill dam construction in Jishixia hydropower station

ZHANGWei

[Abstract]The concrete face rockfill dam of Jishixia hydropower station is typical duplex valley dam,which has themaximum dam height of 103 m and is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River w ith the high cold and the high altitude.The dam is built on schedule and quality by using the design optim ization and technical innovation in the process of the project construction.By the monitoring during operation,the dam settlement deformation and dam seepage are controlled in the design and specification range,and then the dam behavior is normal.

[Key words]concrete face rockfill dam;duplex valley;filling;construction;Jishixia hydropower station

Com prehensive assessment of quaternary groundwater quality in Harbin city and the surrounding area

LIYe-ping,DENG Chang-zhou,YANG Xiang-kui,YANGWen

[Abstract]Based on the groundwater quality standard,the paper evaluatessynthetically the quaternary groundwater quality in Harbin city and the surrounding areaw ith the 19 indexesof the PH value,nitrogen ammonia,mercury, and so on,by using the fuzzymathematicsmethod.The resultsshow that the integralgroundwater quality isgood in the area,the water with the class ofⅠ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ,which could be used as the drinking water,accounts for 77.1%of the totalsample.Becauseof the influenceof the storagewater formation reduction sedimentary environment, the sensory properties and the general chem ical indicators are beyond the standard,include the iron,manganese and ammonia nitrogen.In addition,the total hardness,the nitrate,the total soluble solids and the potassium permanganate solution are beyond the standard for the groundwater in there is the phenomenon of excessive groundwater for the groundwater in some areas.

[Key words]Harbin;groundwater quality;fuzzym athematics;comprehensive evaluation

Analysis of numerical simulation of recharge groundwater w ith sandpit recirculation

DU Chao,TIAN Zhu-jun,XIAO Chang-lai,TIAN Hao-ran

[Abstract]The general model o f the recharge groundwater w ith sandpit recirculation is generalized and the hydrogeological conceptualmodel and the numericalmodel are built,the effect of recharge groundwater w ith sandpit recirculation is simulated and analyzed by using the GMS software.The results show that the cumulative leakage of the recharge groundwater w ith sandpit recirculation is the linear relationship w ith the time,the leakage rate of early leakage is greater than the later leakage and the leakage rate become stable after a certain time,the water level increase range issmall and the effect is little occurring by the recharge groundwaterw ith single sandpit recirculation.

[Key words]sandpit recirculation;groundwater;seepage quantity;leakage rate;numericalsimulation

Analysis of flood and tide encountering in estuary region of Daliaohe river

ZHANG Fu-ran,WANG Hai-hong

[Abstract]The paper uses themeasure tide data of sanchahe and yingkou station at daliaohe river estuary region from 1954 to 2010 and analyzes the flood and tide encountering combinationsw ith the flood dom inated and the tide dom inated and determ ines the desired starting level and the initial flow for the calcu lation o f the Daliaohe river water surface profile,which provides the important design basis for the flood control and regulation of the Daliaohe river.

[Key words]design flood;flood level;tidal level;flood and tide encountering;Daliaohe river

Influence analysis of age on concrete blaxial and uniaxial strength ratio

HUANGHui,DONGWei,WU Zhi-min,QU Xiu-hua

[Abstract]The ratio β between the concrete blaxial constant pressure and uniaxial pressure strength is the key parameter to determ ine the concrete failure criterion.The test study of blaxial constant pressure and uniaxialpressure strength ismade for the concretew ith the different intensity levelsand agesby using the static and dynam ic triaxial electro-hydraulic servo system.The results show that the β value decreasesw ith the increase of the concrete age and the little change w ith the increase o f the concrete strength levels.

[Key words]concrete;early age;blaxialand uniaxial strength ratio;test study

Analysis of rice water demand law in lower Liaohe river

CHEN Sheng-li

TV122

A

1002－0624（2014）01－0069－02

2013-08-04