楊宇等
[摘要] 目的 對(duì)大鼠中樞痛覺Apelin的調(diào)制作用及其機(jī)制進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,從而探討Apelin在機(jī)體中樞痛敏作用,為降低機(jī)體痛覺提供可靠依據(jù),提高臨床療效及生活質(zhì)量。方法 利用注射器通過(guò)自制套管對(duì)大鼠側(cè)腦室進(jìn)行相應(yīng)物質(zhì)注射,即實(shí)驗(yàn)組注射Apelin、對(duì)照組A注射生理鹽水、對(duì)照組B注射鹽酸嗎啡,之后10、20、30、40、50、60min分別測(cè)量TFL%,給予統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析后得出結(jié)論。結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠痛閾較注射前顯著降低,且于注射后30min達(dá)到最低值;對(duì)照組A大鼠較實(shí)驗(yàn)前痛閾無(wú)顯著變化;對(duì)照組B大鼠較實(shí)驗(yàn)前痛閾顯著上升,且注射后30min升至最高,三組大鼠痛閾變化情況對(duì)比結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 Apelin可顯著升高機(jī)體痛敏反應(yīng),因此有助于研究臨床某些鎮(zhèn)痛藥物無(wú)法有效鎮(zhèn)痛的原因以提高鎮(zhèn)痛效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞] Apelin;中樞痛覺調(diào)制;甩尾測(cè)痛法
[中圖分類號(hào)] R402 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)04-26-03
Experimental analysis on the effects and mechanism of Apelin in rats' central pain modulation
YANG Yu1 XING Aiping2 JIANG Nan1 RAN Mengxuan1 XIAO Hong1 JIANG Xiaolong1
1.School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034,China;2.School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the modulation effects and mechanism of apelin in rats' central pain via experiment,so as to discuss the effect of apelin in central hyperalgesia and provide reliable evidence for lowering pain and thus improve clinical curative effects and life quality. Methods Syringes were used to inject relevant solutions to rats' lateral ventricle via self-made cannula.Experimental group was injected with apelin; control group A was injected with normal saline; control group B was injected with morphine hydrochloride.TFL% in the three groups were measured in 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min and 60min respectively.The conclusion was drawn based on statistical analysis. Results The pain threshold for rats in experimental group was significantly lower than that before the injection,and it reached the minimum level 30min after the injection; there was no significant change of pain threshold for rats in control group A after the injection; the pain threshold for rats in control group was higher than that before the injection, and it reached the maximum level 30min after the injection. The differences of changes of pain threshold in the three groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Apelin has the effect of significantly improving hyperalgesia, which therefore helps clinically study reasons for some analgesic drugs which fail to show effects and thus improve analgesic effects.
[Key words] Apelin;Central pain modulation;Tail flick test
本研究將對(duì)大鼠尾核內(nèi)的Apelin中樞痛覺調(diào)制作用及其機(jī)制進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,從而探討Apelin在機(jī)體中樞痛敏作用,為降低機(jī)體痛覺提供可靠依據(jù),提高臨床療效及生活質(zhì)量,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
由上海斯萊克實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物有限責(zé)任公司提供30只健康Wistar雄性大鼠[許可證號(hào):SCXK(滬)2007-0005]作為本次研究對(duì)象,體重(250±20)g。按照隨機(jī)方式將30只大鼠平均分為3組,即實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照組A、對(duì)照組B,每組大鼠10只。endprint
1.2 方法
1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)前準(zhǔn)備 使用戊巴比妥鈉(每千克35mg)對(duì)大鼠進(jìn)行腹腔注射麻醉后,將其在腦立體定位儀上固定,給予鼠腦定向圖譜(L.J.Pellegtine)對(duì)大鼠側(cè)腦室顱骨進(jìn)行鉆孔,之后將自制套管埋入其中并給予牙托粉固定,于5d后實(shí)施Apelin實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 利用注射器通過(guò)自制套管對(duì)大鼠側(cè)腦室進(jìn)行相應(yīng)物質(zhì)注射,即實(shí)驗(yàn)組注射Apelin、對(duì)照組A注射生理鹽水、對(duì)照組B注射鹽酸嗎啡,三組注射劑量均為10μL,于3min注射完畢。對(duì)大鼠痛閾采用輻射熱刺激甩尾測(cè)痛法測(cè)量,痛閾指標(biāo)為大鼠甩尾反應(yīng)潛伏期,即tail-flick latency,簡(jiǎn)稱TFL。每只大鼠均于胃部后側(cè)1/3處選擇相鄰兩點(diǎn)作為測(cè)量點(diǎn),分別進(jìn)行TFL測(cè)量,并選取兩者平均值記錄。實(shí)驗(yàn)前每間隔5min對(duì)其進(jìn)行一次TFL測(cè)量,共測(cè)量3次取平均值作為基礎(chǔ)痛閾,側(cè)腦室注射藥物后10、20、30、40、50、60min分別測(cè)量TFL,記錄各時(shí)間段各組大鼠TFL變化情況,即TFL%=(各時(shí)間段藥物作用后TFL-基礎(chǔ)TFL)/基礎(chǔ)TFL×100%,給予統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析后得出結(jié)論。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS13.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用x2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照A組、對(duì)照B組大鼠側(cè)腦室注射不同藥物后,其不同時(shí)間段TFL值變化情況對(duì)比分析,具體結(jié)果見表1。
由表1可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠痛閾較注射前顯著降低,且于注射后30min達(dá)到最低值;對(duì)照組A大鼠較實(shí)驗(yàn)前痛閾無(wú)顯著變化;對(duì)照組B大鼠較實(shí)驗(yàn)前痛閾顯著上升,且注射后30min升至最高,三組大鼠痛閾變化情況對(duì)比結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3 討論
疼痛是機(jī)體的重要生理指征,可表達(dá)機(jī)體受到傷害性刺激的相關(guān)信息,激發(fā)機(jī)體發(fā)生防御性反應(yīng) [1],機(jī)體若發(fā)生疼痛則大多伴有組織細(xì)胞損傷[2]。Peng等[3]研究表明,若機(jī)體處于長(zhǎng)期劇烈疼痛,則對(duì)其身心均造成嚴(yán)重傷害。因此如何減輕甚至消除疼痛已成為廣大醫(yī)務(wù)工作者共同關(guān)注的問(wèn)題[4]。
Apelin是一種小分子內(nèi)源性神經(jīng)肽[5],屬于APJ內(nèi)源性配體,具有重要的生理調(diào)節(jié)作用,于機(jī)體中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中與疼痛及內(nèi)源性痛覺調(diào)制系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的區(qū)域廣泛分布,如下丘腦、海馬、尾核頭部及中腦導(dǎo)水管周圍灰質(zhì)等[6]。研究表明,APJ與Apelin結(jié)合后,將引起機(jī)體中某些細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)因子改變,如導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣離子濃度上升、可有效激活某些物質(zhì)(如AKt、ERKs、p70S6等)、對(duì)腺苷酸環(huán)化酶具有一定抑制作用等。研究表明[7-8],PKC、PLC、NIIE、NCX、cAMP、NO、cGMP等信號(hào)分子與痛覺調(diào)制密切相關(guān),在Apelin的生理作用機(jī)制中可能都發(fā)揮了重要作,Apelin通過(guò)上述下游信號(hào)分子表現(xiàn)出相應(yīng)生理功能,從而在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中引起顯著痛覺過(guò)敏(hyperalyesia,Ha),即痛敏反應(yīng)。
本研究可知,大鼠側(cè)腦室注射生理鹽水后,各時(shí)間段給予痛覺刺激其機(jī)體痛閾TFL變化情況較注射前無(wú)顯著變化,由此可知生理鹽水對(duì)機(jī)體痛閾無(wú)明顯影響作用;大鼠側(cè)腦室注射鹽酸嗎啡后,各時(shí)間段給予痛覺刺激其機(jī)體痛閾TFL變化情況較注射前顯著上升,由此可知鹽酸嗎啡對(duì)機(jī)體痛敏反應(yīng)具有顯著增強(qiáng)作用;大鼠側(cè)腦室注射Apelin后,各時(shí)間段給予痛覺刺激其機(jī)體痛閾TFL變化情況較注射前顯著下降。由此可知Apelin對(duì)機(jī)體痛敏反應(yīng)具有顯著降低作用[9]。導(dǎo)致上述結(jié)果作用機(jī)理可能為鹽酸嗎啡與Apelin均可導(dǎo)致機(jī)體中cAMP濃度下降[10],但鹽酸嗎啡表現(xiàn)為中樞鎮(zhèn)痛作用[11],而Apelin則反之,即表現(xiàn)為中樞痛敏作用[12],與湯健等[13]研究結(jié)果相符。因此提示cAMP對(duì)Apelin痛敏信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)起促進(jìn)作用,但其如何進(jìn)行有效促進(jìn)還有待進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)[14]。
綜上所述,Apelin可顯著升高機(jī)體痛敏反應(yīng),因此有助于研究臨床某些鎮(zhèn)痛藥物無(wú)法有效鎮(zhèn)痛的原因以提高鎮(zhèn)痛效果,其具體臨床作用需今后工作中深入探討[15]。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[10] Marietta MA.Nitric oxide synthase:structure and mechanism[J].Biol Chem,2013,268(34):12231-12234.
[11] Losano G,Penna C,Cappeuo S,et al.Activity of apelinand APJ receptors on myocardial contractility and Vasomotor tone[J].Ital Heart J Suppl,2012,6(11):272-278.
[12] Charles CJ,Rademaker MT,Richards AM.Apelin-13 induces a biphasic haemodynamic response and hormonal activation in normal conscious sheep[J].J Endocrinol,2011,189(14):701-7l0.
[13] 湯健,陳啟盛,周東豐.腦室注射cAMP和cGMP對(duì)大鼠電針和嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的影響[J].中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,1981,56:225-228.
[14] Meller ST,Pechman PS,Gebhan GF,et al.Nitric oxide mediates the thermal hyperalgesia produced in amodel of neuropathic pain in the rat[J].Neuroscience,2012,50(1):7-10.
[15] Jaszberenyi M,Bujdoso E,Telegdy G.Behavioral,neuroendocrine and thermoregulatory actions of apelin-13[J].Neuroscience,2011,129(25):811-816.
(收稿日期:2013-12-15)endprint
[5] 陳鵬,白波.側(cè)腦室微量注射apelin對(duì)大鼠痛閾的影響[J].泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2013,29(8):599-601.
[6] Cheng X,Cheng XS,Pang CC.Venous dilator effect of apelin,an endogenous peptide ligand for the orphan APJ receptor.in conscious rats[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2013,470(3):171-175.
[7] Sluka KA,Willis WD.The effects of G-protein and protein kinase inhibitor on the behavional response of mts to intrademml injection of capaaicin[J].Pain,2011,71(23):165.
[8] 劉玉紅,劉文彥,劉海青,等.大鼠尾核內(nèi)一氧化氮在痛覺調(diào)制中作用機(jī)制的研究[J].中國(guó)疼痛醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2013,3(1):163-266.
[9] 白波,劉文彥,宋朝佑.中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)一氧化氮對(duì)大鼠痛閾的影響[J].中國(guó)神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志,2010,16(1):52-55.
[10] Marietta MA.Nitric oxide synthase:structure and mechanism[J].Biol Chem,2013,268(34):12231-12234.
[11] Losano G,Penna C,Cappeuo S,et al.Activity of apelinand APJ receptors on myocardial contractility and Vasomotor tone[J].Ital Heart J Suppl,2012,6(11):272-278.
[12] Charles CJ,Rademaker MT,Richards AM.Apelin-13 induces a biphasic haemodynamic response and hormonal activation in normal conscious sheep[J].J Endocrinol,2011,189(14):701-7l0.
[13] 湯健,陳啟盛,周東豐.腦室注射cAMP和cGMP對(duì)大鼠電針和嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的影響[J].中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,1981,56:225-228.
[14] Meller ST,Pechman PS,Gebhan GF,et al.Nitric oxide mediates the thermal hyperalgesia produced in amodel of neuropathic pain in the rat[J].Neuroscience,2012,50(1):7-10.
[15] Jaszberenyi M,Bujdoso E,Telegdy G.Behavioral,neuroendocrine and thermoregulatory actions of apelin-13[J].Neuroscience,2011,129(25):811-816.
(收稿日期:2013-12-15)endprint
[5] 陳鵬,白波.側(cè)腦室微量注射apelin對(duì)大鼠痛閾的影響[J].泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2013,29(8):599-601.
[6] Cheng X,Cheng XS,Pang CC.Venous dilator effect of apelin,an endogenous peptide ligand for the orphan APJ receptor.in conscious rats[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2013,470(3):171-175.
[7] Sluka KA,Willis WD.The effects of G-protein and protein kinase inhibitor on the behavional response of mts to intrademml injection of capaaicin[J].Pain,2011,71(23):165.
[8] 劉玉紅,劉文彥,劉海青,等.大鼠尾核內(nèi)一氧化氮在痛覺調(diào)制中作用機(jī)制的研究[J].中國(guó)疼痛醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2013,3(1):163-266.
[9] 白波,劉文彥,宋朝佑.中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)一氧化氮對(duì)大鼠痛閾的影響[J].中國(guó)神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志,2010,16(1):52-55.
[10] Marietta MA.Nitric oxide synthase:structure and mechanism[J].Biol Chem,2013,268(34):12231-12234.
[11] Losano G,Penna C,Cappeuo S,et al.Activity of apelinand APJ receptors on myocardial contractility and Vasomotor tone[J].Ital Heart J Suppl,2012,6(11):272-278.
[12] Charles CJ,Rademaker MT,Richards AM.Apelin-13 induces a biphasic haemodynamic response and hormonal activation in normal conscious sheep[J].J Endocrinol,2011,189(14):701-7l0.
[13] 湯健,陳啟盛,周東豐.腦室注射cAMP和cGMP對(duì)大鼠電針和嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的影響[J].中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,1981,56:225-228.
[14] Meller ST,Pechman PS,Gebhan GF,et al.Nitric oxide mediates the thermal hyperalgesia produced in amodel of neuropathic pain in the rat[J].Neuroscience,2012,50(1):7-10.
[15] Jaszberenyi M,Bujdoso E,Telegdy G.Behavioral,neuroendocrine and thermoregulatory actions of apelin-13[J].Neuroscience,2011,129(25):811-816.
(收稿日期:2013-12-15)endprint