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      Latarjet手術(shù)治療癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴重度骨缺損的短期療效分析

      2014-07-05 13:14:02楊國勇向明陳杭胡曉川唐浩琛
      中華肩肘外科電子雜志 2014年2期
      關(guān)鍵詞:復(fù)發(fā)性肱骨骨關(guān)節(jié)炎

      楊國勇 向明 陳杭 胡曉川 唐浩琛

      Latarjet手術(shù)治療癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴重度骨缺損的短期療效分析

      楊國勇 向明 陳杭 胡曉川 唐浩琛

      目的研究Latarjet手術(shù)治療癲癇患者肩關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)發(fā)性前脫位伴有重度骨缺損的短期療效。方法2006年4月至2009年10月,對多例患者結(jié)合三維CT掃描和肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡對肩關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)發(fā)性前脫位的肩盂前緣骨缺損和肱骨頭后外側(cè)的Hill-Sachs損傷的范圍和程度進行評估,當肩盂呈倒梨形(骨缺損>肩盂寬度的25%),合并或伴有Engaging Hill-Sachs損傷,即運用Latarjet手術(shù)進行治療,并對其中的7例癲癇患者作回顧性分析。其中男性4例,女性3例,年齡20~49歲,平均27.5歲。術(shù)前均有Apprehension sign陽性,平均脫位17.5次(13~28次),隨訪時采用ASES評分、Constant-Murley評分以及Rowe評分進行功能評估。結(jié)果本組患者隨訪36~60個月,平均46.3個月,術(shù)后制動2周后即在醫(yī)生指導(dǎo)下按計劃進行肩關(guān)節(jié)功能康復(fù)和力量恢復(fù)訓(xùn)練,術(shù)后6個月時三維CT顯示喙突轉(zhuǎn)位骨塊均與肩胛頸愈合。術(shù)前與終末次隨訪相比較:前屈上舉(150.5±20.9)°與(169.0±13.5)°比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-1.967,P>0.05),平均體側(cè)外旋為(54.2±11.2)°與(40.2±6.8)°比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.827,P<0.05),ASES評分81.1±15.7與92.3±6.7比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-1.736,P>0.05),Constant-Murley評分為79.4±11.4與92.2±4.2比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-2.788,P<0.05),Rowe評分平均為42±1.5與76±1.8比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-38.392,P<0.05);終末次隨訪時X線片顯示有2例患者出現(xiàn)早期骨關(guān)節(jié)炎表現(xiàn)。結(jié)論癲癇患者繼發(fā)復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴有重度骨缺損治療比較棘手,肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡下或切開錨釘重建修復(fù)Bankart損傷術(shù)后脫位復(fù)發(fā)率較高,風(fēng)險較大,在控制癲癇后選擇Latarjet重建手術(shù)能提供較好的靜力穩(wěn)定性,從而有效減少脫位的復(fù)發(fā)率。

      Latarjet;骨缺損;肩關(guān)節(jié);脫位;喙突;癲癇

      癲癇患者在癲癇發(fā)作時由于強烈的肌肉收縮或因抽搐時跌倒導(dǎo)致的肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位,在治療上比較棘手[1-3]。50%以上的脫位需要去醫(yī)院給予復(fù)位處理,嚴重的影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量。前脫位極少,發(fā)生前脫位的原因大多是因為患者在癲癇發(fā)作時,因他人牽拉患者手,幫助其站立時出現(xiàn)的。后脫位最常見,許多文獻都對癲癇患者肩關(guān)節(jié)后脫位作了經(jīng)典的描述,而此類患者出現(xiàn)肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位并不常見[2]。文獻報道處理此類肩關(guān)節(jié)前方不穩(wěn)定的方法包括非手術(shù)治療、軟組織手術(shù)和骨性阻擋手術(shù)[2-3,12]。軟組織穩(wěn)定手術(shù)在療效以及再脫位發(fā)生率方面的結(jié)果不如骨性重建手術(shù)樂觀[3-5]。文獻報道骨性阻擋手術(shù)有較低的再脫位發(fā)生率和翻修率[2]。Latarjet手術(shù)就是其中比較典型的重建肩盂前下骨缺損的方法[6],喙突移位后,術(shù)中將前下關(guān)節(jié)囊與保留在喙突上的喙肩韌帶殘端相縫合,聯(lián)合腱位于肩胛下肌及前下關(guān)節(jié)囊的前方,起懸吊作用[7]。而有關(guān)運用Latarjet手術(shù)治療癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位的報道較少。本文回顧性分析我院7例癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴重度骨缺損,采用Latarjet技術(shù),隨訪3~5年的臨床療效及影像學(xué)結(jié)果。

      材料和方法

      一、研究對象

      自2006年4月至2009年10月,共有7例癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴重度骨缺損,在我院接受Latarjet手術(shù)治療,主刀醫(yī)師為同一位高年資醫(yī)師?;颊甙l(fā)生第一次肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位時的癲癇病史平均為4年(1.4~7年),其中有1例先前接受過軟組織穩(wěn)定手術(shù)。在我院接受Latarjet手術(shù)治療的患者年齡20~49歲,平均為27.5歲,其中男性4例,女性3例。5例為優(yōu)勢側(cè),2例為非優(yōu)勢側(cè)。第一次脫位與本次手術(shù)間隔時間平均為4(2.5~9)年,本次手術(shù)前脫位平均次數(shù)為15(8~30)次。所有患者第一次脫位都出現(xiàn)在癲癇發(fā)作時,隨后的脫位大多數(shù)是在癲癇抽搐時出現(xiàn)的,也有在日常生活或參加體育活動時出現(xiàn)。7例患者均獲得隨訪,平均隨訪46.3(36~60)個月。所有病例均記錄了術(shù)前與術(shù)后肩關(guān)節(jié)主動前屈上舉、體側(cè)外旋功能以及恐懼試驗的結(jié)果。末次隨訪時根據(jù)患者肩關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性、功能及活動度,按Rowe評分法進行評分[8],滿分為100分,其中穩(wěn)定性占50分,功能占30分,活動度占20分,該方法由康復(fù)師根據(jù)患者恢復(fù)情況進行評分。所有患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后均按統(tǒng)一的影像學(xué)檢查方法進行評估。在前臂外旋、內(nèi)旋以及中立位拍攝標準的肩關(guān)節(jié)前后位片及骨三維成像,以評估 Hill-Sachs損傷情況[9],并采用 Samilson等[10]的方法判斷骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的程度及分級。骨關(guān)節(jié)炎分為3級,1級:輕度,肱骨頭下方和/或肩盂骨贅高度<3mm;2級:中度,骨贅高度3~7mm,伴輕度的盂肱關(guān)節(jié)不規(guī)則;3級:重度,骨贅高度>7mm,關(guān)節(jié)間隙狹窄,軟骨下骨硬化。所有病例術(shù)前、術(shù)后均攝岡上肌出口位、Bernageau位X線片[11]及CT掃描,以評估術(shù)前肩盂前份骨缺損情況以及術(shù)后移位喙突愈合情況。本組病例均為癲癇患者癲癇發(fā)作時繼發(fā)復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位,術(shù)中均使用沙灘椅體位,采用胸大肌三角肌入路。在距離喙突附著點1cm處切斷喙肩韌帶,游離胸小肌后行喙突基底部截骨,將喙突下方骨面磨平新鮮化后使用2.8mm鉆頭垂直于該平面鉆孔備用,距離該孔1cm左右鉆入1.5mm克氏針一枚作操作桿用。于肩胛下肌中份平行該肌纖維劈開該肌,在關(guān)節(jié)緣1~2cm處縱向打開關(guān)節(jié)囊,將肩盂前下份骨缺損處新鮮化后,轉(zhuǎn)位喙突骨塊,調(diào)整好骨塊位置,將先前鉆入的1.5mm克氏針向肩盂頸部鉆入,臨時固定移植之喙突,再沿喙突骨塊上已鉆好的2.8mm備用孔,在導(dǎo)鉆引導(dǎo)下向肩胛頸部鉆孔,測量后選適當長度的3.5mm皮質(zhì)骨螺釘固定,C臂X線機反復(fù)透視確認骨位及內(nèi)固定位置較好后,將臨時固定的克氏針取出,距離第一枚螺釘1cm處再鉆孔,擰入第二枚3.5mm皮質(zhì)骨螺釘。完成喙突轉(zhuǎn)位植骨后,即刻行肩關(guān)節(jié)前抽屜試驗,判斷肱骨頭骨缺損即肱骨頭后外側(cè)的Hill-Sachs損傷程度對肩關(guān)節(jié)前向穩(wěn)定性的影響,若有明顯不穩(wěn)定,則使用自體髂骨植骨術(shù)治療,使用螺釘固定髂骨骨塊(本組病例有2例取自體髂骨植骨處理Hill-Sachs損傷)。C臂X線機再次確認骨位及內(nèi)固定位置,沖洗后將喙肩韌帶殘端與關(guān)節(jié)囊相縫合,逐層關(guān)閉切口。術(shù)后使用頸腕肘吊帶懸吊保護患肢6周,術(shù)后第2天即開始肩關(guān)節(jié)被動前屈上舉及外旋活動,6周后開始肩關(guān)節(jié)主動活動,術(shù)后3個月通過體檢及影像學(xué)檢查確認移植喙突骨塊愈合較好后逐步開始恢復(fù)日常工作及活動。

      二、統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

      采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析,兩組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間比較采用t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

      結(jié) 果

      肩關(guān)節(jié)平均前屈上舉從術(shù)前150°(100°~180°)升至術(shù)后169°(90°~180°),兩者比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-1.967,P>0.05)。平均體側(cè)外旋從術(shù)前的54.2°(10°~90°)降至術(shù)后40.2°(5°~75°),兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.827,P<0.05)。術(shù)前所有患者恐懼試驗均為陽性,術(shù)后至末次隨訪時有1例陽性。末次隨訪時Rowe評分為76(35~100)分,根據(jù)穩(wěn)定性、活動度以及功能分別評分,平均得分為36(0~50)分,16(0~20)分和24(0~30)分。ASES評分術(shù)后92.3分與術(shù)前81.1分比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-1.736,P>0.05),Constant-Murley評分[23]術(shù)后92.2分與術(shù)前79.4分比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-2.788,P<0.05)。術(shù)前影像學(xué)檢查證實所有患者肩盂前下均有明顯的骨缺損(典型病例見圖1~12)以及Hill-Sachs損傷,并且肩盂骨缺損超過25%;根據(jù)Samilson等[10]的描述,術(shù)前有2例患者有輕度的骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變,至末次隨訪2例患者骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變進展為中度,還有2例患者出現(xiàn)輕度骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變。無一例出現(xiàn)螺釘松動、斷裂或穿出,無一例發(fā)生移植之喙突骨塊骨折。術(shù)后3例患者有癲癇發(fā)作史,其中有2例在癲癇發(fā)作時出現(xiàn)肩關(guān)節(jié)再脫位。再脫位的平均年齡為24.3(20~32)歲,而沒有再出現(xiàn)脫位的平均年齡為35.6(25~55)歲。另外還有1例患者術(shù)后12個月時影像學(xué)檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)喙突尖出現(xiàn)骨折,患者否認外傷史,并且無異常特征及不適。3例患者術(shù)后再脫位距離Latarjet手術(shù)的平均時間為26(14~48)個月。兩例患者均拒絕接受進一步的補救干預(yù)手術(shù)。

      圖1 術(shù)前正位X線片 圖2 術(shù)前側(cè)位X線片 圖3 術(shù)前肩胛盂en-face view 圖4 術(shù)前CT掃描,提示肩胛盂前方骨缺損圖5 術(shù)后正位X線片 圖6 術(shù)后側(cè)位X線片 圖7 術(shù)后肩胛盂en-ace view 圖8 術(shù)后CT掃描 圖9 手術(shù)切口像 圖10術(shù)后3年前屈上舉功能像 圖11 術(shù)后3年外旋功能像 圖12 術(shù)后3年內(nèi)旋功能像

      討 論

      Latarjet手術(shù)針對復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位是行之有效的方法[13-14]。其穩(wěn)定肩關(guān)節(jié)的作用有:(1)骨塊增加了脫位前肱骨頭在肩盂上移動的安全面積;(2)上臂外展外旋時,聯(lián)合腱可發(fā)揮動力系帶的作用阻擋肱骨頭向前移動;(3)轉(zhuǎn)位的喙突和聯(lián)合腱跨過肩胛下肌中下1/3能起到肌腱固定的效應(yīng),并且通過縫合喙肩韌帶殘端從而加固前下方關(guān)節(jié)囊的缺損[7]。文獻報道其長期隨訪療效好,且并發(fā)癥少[14-16]。癲癇患者可能在癲癇發(fā)作時出現(xiàn)肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位[1-3],其中關(guān)于肩關(guān)節(jié)后脫位,包括絞鎖型肩關(guān)節(jié)骨折后脫位的 報道較 多[1,3,17-22]。而 有關(guān)癲 癇患者肩關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)發(fā)性前脫位的相關(guān)文獻報道較少,其治療也極具挑戰(zhàn)[2-3]。癲癇相關(guān)的肩關(guān)節(jié)后脫位的療效尚可,但前脫位的結(jié)果卻是令人沮喪[3]。有病例報道采用軟組織修復(fù)手術(shù)其失敗率為100%,其中3例為Putti-Platt手術(shù),1例為關(guān)節(jié)囊修復(fù)手術(shù)[3]。越來越多的醫(yī)師開始傾向于重建肩盂和(或)修復(fù)肱骨頭骨缺損,以降低肩關(guān)節(jié)前或后脫位術(shù)后的肩關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)定[2-3]。1995年 Hutchinson等[2]報道13例癲癇患者接受骨移植治療復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位,共15例肩關(guān)節(jié),手術(shù)時平均年齡29歲,10例脫位發(fā)生在癲癇發(fā)作時,3例系創(chuàng)傷性肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位,另外2例肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位無明顯誘因。筆者使用自體髂骨或同種異體股骨頭進行支撐植骨。平均隨訪2.7年,療效較好。Constant評分為91分,術(shù)后盡管有8例患者仍有癲癇發(fā)作,但均無再脫位發(fā)生,并且從影像學(xué)角度分析無骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變。本組病例的結(jié)果與之相比有差異,這可能與患者的個體因素等相關(guān)。本組病例中,術(shù)前2例患者已存在盂肱關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變。分析原因,可能是手術(shù)與第一次脫位間隔時間相對較長、肱骨頭和肩盂骨缺損較多以及脫位次數(shù)較多等因素有關(guān)。本組病例術(shù)后新增2例出現(xiàn)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎改變,發(fā)生率較高[28.6%(2/7)]。癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位術(shù)后有較高并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(50%),同樣的手術(shù)方式,再脫位發(fā)生率(43%)遠高于無癲癇患者,文獻報道后者再脫位的發(fā)生率在0%~15%[24-26]。本組病例術(shù)后再脫位為28.6%(2/7),均出現(xiàn)在癲癇再次發(fā)作時,并且患者的年齡相對較小,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,這可能與年輕患者的生活方式以及抗癲癇治療的依從性相對較差有一定的關(guān)系。文獻報道使用同種異體骨植骨重建肱骨頭骨缺損可以減少再脫位[2],本組有2例使用自體髂骨植骨術(shù)治療Hill-Sachs之骨缺損,筆者認為不管使用何種方法重建骨缺損,術(shù)后只要存在癲癇再發(fā)作,就有肩關(guān)節(jié)再脫位的可能。本組病例再脫位發(fā)生較少的原因可能系隨訪時間較短,Hutchinson等[2]報道平均隨訪2.7年,另外有文獻報道再脫位多發(fā)生在骨重建術(shù)后3~4年。Buhler等[3]報道了一組癲癇患者肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位的結(jié)果,其中前脫位17例,后脫位17例。17例前脫位患者中有2例行非手術(shù)治療,6例行軟組織手術(shù)(3 例 Putti-Platt術(shù)[12],2 例Bankart修復(fù)術(shù),1例行關(guān)節(jié)囊轉(zhuǎn)移),2例行肱骨頭旋轉(zhuǎn)截骨術(shù),7例行骨阻擋術(shù)(其中3例行Eden-Lange-Hybinette術(shù)[27-29],2例行同種異體骨植骨及Bankart修復(fù)術(shù),1例行骨阻擋術(shù)及Bankart修復(fù)術(shù),1例行Bristow術(shù))。3例行Eden-Lange-Hybinette術(shù)后均出現(xiàn)肩關(guān)節(jié)再脫位。平均隨訪10年,再脫位率為47%;8例術(shù)后再出現(xiàn)前脫位的患者中有5例出現(xiàn)在癲癇再次發(fā)作時?;谶@些類似的文獻報道,筆者非常贊同Buhler等[3]的觀點:術(shù)前和術(shù)后相對長的時間里,醫(yī)學(xué)干預(yù)控制癲癇疾病本身是手術(shù)成功的關(guān)鍵。另外,由于喙突自身形態(tài)的局限所在,其所能提供的有效骨量、寬度及體積是有限的,對于嚴重的肩盂骨缺損,當骨缺損長度遠大于喙突難以提供足夠的骨量時,應(yīng)避免使用Latarjet手術(shù),而選擇其他方法予以糾正,以降低術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率。使用Latarjet手術(shù)治療復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位時,骨缺損程度應(yīng)控制在25%~30%。本組研究不足之處是研究病例數(shù)量較少,而且為回顧性研究,因此無法將Latarjet手術(shù)與其他手術(shù)方式進行比較研究。另外,由于癲癇患者在發(fā)作時發(fā)生肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位非常少見,這也使得進行前瞻性研究更加困難。當然,本組病例所有患者均接受同一位主刀醫(yī)師治療,術(shù)后均按相同的計劃進行康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,排除了不同外科醫(yī)師、不同康復(fù)醫(yī)師之間的偏差。

      總之,癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位的治療極具挑戰(zhàn)性,在病情控制穩(wěn)定后,可選擇使用Latarjet手術(shù)治療,但術(shù)后肩關(guān)節(jié)再脫位及骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的發(fā)生率較高,應(yīng)引起足夠的重視。當然,對于癲癇未治愈的復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位的治療,是選擇Latarjet手術(shù)還是其他手術(shù),尚有待進一步的研究。

      [1]Rethnam U,Ulfin S,Sinha A.Post seizure anterior dislocation of shoulder- -beware of recurrence[J].Seizure,2006,15(5):348-349.

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      [7]Young AA,Maia R,Berhouet J,et al.Open latarjet procedure for management of bone loss in anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2011,20(2 Suppl):S61-S69.

      [8]Rowe CR,Patel D,Southmayd WW.The bankart procedure:a long-term end-result study[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1978,60(1):1-16.

      [9]Hill HA,Sachs MD.The grooved defect of the humeral head:a frequently unrecognized complication of dislocations of the shoulder joint.Radiology,1940,35:690-700.

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      [14]Hovelius L,Sandstr m B,Sundgren K,et al.One hundred eighteen Bristow-Latarjet repairs for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder prospectively followed for fifteen years:study I--clinical results[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2004,13(5):509-516.

      [15]Hovelius L,Sandstr m B,Saeb M.One hundred eighteen Bristow-Latarjet repairs for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder prospectively followed for fifteen years:studyⅡ-the evolution of dislocation arthropathy[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2006,15(3):279-289.

      [16]Lunn JV,Castellano-Rosa J,Walch G.Recurrent anterior dislocation after the Latarjet procedure:outcome after revision using a modified Eden- Hybinette operation[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2008,17(5):744-750.

      [17]Gerber C,Lambert SM.Allograft Reconstruction of segmental defects of the humeral head for the treatment of chronic locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1996,78(3):376-382.

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      [22]Silbergeld DL,Harkness WF,Bell BA,et al.Posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder secondary to epileptic seizures[J].J R Coll Surg Edinb,1991,36(2):139-140.

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      [27]Eden R.Zur operation der habituellen schulterluxation unter mitteilung eines neuen verfahrens bei abriss am inneren pfannen-rande[J].Dsch Z Chir,1918,(144):269-280.

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      Curative effect analysis on Latarjet procedure in treatment of epileptic patients of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder with severe osseous deficiency with 3-5years follow-up

      YangGuoyong,XiangMing,ChenHang,HuXiaochuan,TangHaochen.DepartmentofUpperExtremity,SichuanProvincialOrthopadicHospital,Chengdu610041,China

      :XiangMing,Email:josceph_xm@sina.com

      BackgroundShoulder instability affects the young population and causes serious labor loss.High-energy injuries can cause fractures around the shoulder girdle,such as coracoid fractures.Individuals with an epileptic seizure disorder and anterior glenohumeral instability frequently have severe anteroinferior glenoid osseous deficiency and a posterior humeral head defect.The risk of a subsequent osseous deficiency among recurrent unstable shoulders in patients with seizure disorders is very high.Therefore,this is clinically important as patients with a seizure disorder and glenohumeral instability frequently require a primary osseous reconstructive procedure,such as coracoid osteotomy and transfer to the anterior glenoid rim (the Latarjet procedure),to address glenoid osseous deficiency.The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Latarjet procedure on the radiological and clinical results in cases with severe glenoid osseous deficiency accompanied with epileptic seizure disorders and recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder.MethodsThe study included 7patients with severe glenoid osseous deficiency accompanied with epileptic seizure disorders and recurrent anterior dislocation.Thecases were reviewed at a mean post-operative follow-up duration was 46.3months(range from 36 to 60months)from 2006to 2009.The average age of the patients was 27.5years old (range:20to 49 years old),including 4males and 3females.The average time between the first-time dislocation and operation was 4years (range:2.5to 9years).In addition to conventional anteroposterior and axillary radiographs,all patients underwent computed tomography(CT)as part of our routine protocol.Three-dimensional reformatting of these images enabled assessment of the degree of glenoid and humeral head bone loss and the post-operative bone healing.All scans were examined by a single observer.Further information specifically relating to previous shoulder injuries and seizures was obtained from patients.Symptoms previously described in association with shoulder dislocation,including anterior shoulder pain,weakness,and restricted shoulder motion,were specifically sought.Functional assessment was obtained using the parameters of three types of functional assessment systems(the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Assessment(ASES),the Constant-Murley Score and the Rowe Score).All patients underwent elective anterior shoulder stabilization (a standard Bristow-Latarjet procedure)performed by the same senior surgeon.The fragment was secured with two lag screws through the graft to obtain rotational control of the fragment to the glenoid rim.Then a special rehabilitation protocol and power recovery exercise was administered in all patients 2weeks after surgery.All patients were followed with radiographic and functional evaluations.ResultsOn the basis of preoperative CT scans and the arthroscopic appearances,all shoulders showed a severe glenoid-rim defect and Hill-Sachs lesions pre-operatively.Osteo-arthritic changes of the glenohumeral joint were seen in two shoulders (28.6%)pre-operatively and in four shoulders (57.1%)postoperatively.And the mean dislocation time was 17.5(range:13to 28times).These patients shared the common features of recurrent anterior instability in association with epileptic seizures and a severe osseous deficiency that was detectable on preoperative CT scans and was confirmed at surgery.The post-operative radiographic evaluations showed that all bone grafts healed without evidence of secondary displacement according to the three dimensional CT scan.The coracoid transposition bone and scapular neck was healed.Comparing the pre-operation condition with the final follow-up,forward elevation improved from 150.5±20.9preoperatively to 169.0±13.5postoperatively,while the average external rotational limitation measured in the neutral position of the arm decreased from 54.2±11.2to 42.2±6.8(t=2.827,P<0.05).ASES score improved from 81.1±15.7to 92.3±6.7(t=1.736,P>0.05),Constant-Murley score from 79.4±11.4to 92.2±4.2(t=-2.788,P<0.05).The mean Rowe score was 76 (range,45to 100)at the final follow-up.Re-dislocation during a seizure occurred in two shoulders(28.6%).And three patients had mild pain at the position of maximal abduction or external rotation.Secondary osteoarthritic changes of the glenohumeral joint were seen in two shoulders postoperatively.None of the patients had immediate postoperative complications.None had developed recurrent glenohumeral instability after surgery and only one person still had a passive apprehension sign at the time of the latest follow-up,ranging between thirty-six and sixty months postoperatively.On routine radiographs after surgery,there was no evidence of fixation failure or graft resorption in the shoulders.No one underwent revision surgery.Overall,most of the patients had satisfactory pain relief and daily living activities postoperatively at the time of the latest follow-up.ConclusionsThe anterior dislocation of the shoulder in the epileptic patients is really uncommon.The treatment of the secondary recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder associated with severe osseous deficiency is quite difficult,due to the unacceptably high rate of re-dislocation after the open or arthroscopic reconstruction surgery of the Bankart lesion.Our study assessed the effects of Latarjet procedure on the radiological and clinical results in seven cases with severe glenoid osseous deficiency accompanied with epileptic seizure disorders and recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder.The results suggested that when treating patients with an epileptic seizure disorder and recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability,effective control of the epileptic seizures is one of the most important methods to reduce the incidence of post-operative recurrent dislocation,because a compliant patient was very important for a successful clinical outcome.The Latarjet procedure can provide a satisfiedreconstruction of shoulder stability,but the possibility of re-dislocation and osteoarthritis should be also noticed.We recommend a high index of suspicion when treating patients with a seizure disorder who have anterior shoulder instability,and we recommend making apreoperative CT scan,if there is a strong likelihood that a coracoid transfer will be used at surgery.This enables the diagnosis of a coracoid fracture nonunion to be made prior to surgery and helps to determine whether there is sufficient bone to allow a Latarjet procedure to be performed.However,it needs further investment to choose an appropriate surgery procedure for the untreated epileptic patients.

      Latarjet;Bony defect;Shoulder joint;Dislocation;Coracoid;Epilepsy

      2013-05-11)

      (本文編輯:李靜)

      10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2014.02.005

      610041 成都,四川省骨科醫(yī)院上肢科

      向明,Email:josceph_xm@sina.com

      楊國勇,向明,陳杭,等.Latarjet手術(shù)治療癲癇患者復(fù)發(fā)性肩關(guān)節(jié)前脫位伴重度骨缺損的短期療效分析[J/CD].中華肩肘外科電子雜志,2014,2(2):91-96.

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