楊樹(shù)濤 賀天章 楊沛
摘 要: 電壓調(diào)節(jié)器控制發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓,在負(fù)載變化時(shí),電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)檢查輸出電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓穩(wěn)定。傳統(tǒng)的電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率晶體管控制極的電壓或者調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,這些方法要么能耗大,要么電壓調(diào)節(jié)瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)差。這里設(shè)計(jì)了基于SG3525控制的Buck電路,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率開(kāi)關(guān)管的PWM占空比調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流。為了平穩(wěn)調(diào)節(jié)輸出電壓,硬件平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)了PI調(diào)節(jié)和軟啟動(dòng),并具有過(guò)壓欠壓保護(hù)和過(guò)勵(lì)磁電流保護(hù)等功能。最后設(shè)計(jì)硬件平臺(tái)驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 勵(lì)磁電流; Buck電路; PI控制; PWM
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN710?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2014)17?0100?03
Abstract: The generator′s output voltage is controlled by AVR (automatic voltage regulator). When the load changes, AVR regulates field current automatically to keep the generator′s voltage invariable by checking the output voltage. Traditional AVR regulates field current by controlling the giant transistor′s base electrode voltage or thyristor conduction angle. These ways consume much more energy or have a bad transient response. A Buck system controlled by SG3525 is designed in this paper, which regulates the field current by adjusting the PWM duty cycle of power switch. PI control and soft start are designed on the hardware platform to regulating the generator′s output voltage reposefully. In addition, low voltage protection, high voltage protection and high field current protection were designed in the system. The rationality of the regulator was verified by an experimental prototype.
Keywords: field current; Buck circuit; PI control; PWM
0 引 言
自動(dòng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)器簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AVR,通過(guò)檢測(cè)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出端的電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在一定范圍。AVR一般以發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓為電源,當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓未達(dá)到設(shè)定值時(shí),增大勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,反之,減小勵(lì)磁。
AVR主要有觸點(diǎn)式、晶體管式、晶閘管式、PWM調(diào)節(jié)式。觸點(diǎn)式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制電磁鐵觸點(diǎn)開(kāi)閉,接通和斷開(kāi)磁場(chǎng)電路,來(lái)改變磁場(chǎng)電流,由于電磁鐵開(kāi)關(guān)速度低,觸點(diǎn)易損壞,目前已基本淘汰。晶體管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)晶體管控制極電壓來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)流過(guò)晶體管的電流,多余的能量由晶體管以熱的形式消耗,在大功率發(fā)電機(jī)中該方式能量浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重,AVR散熱困難。晶閘管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)削波調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角,在AVR輸入電壓高,發(fā)電機(jī)所需的勵(lì)磁電流較小時(shí),發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁電流斷續(xù)、波動(dòng)大,導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓不穩(wěn)定,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)差。PWM式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制功率開(kāi)關(guān)管通斷的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,PWM一般工作在高頻,設(shè)備體積小,發(fā)熱量小,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)快,應(yīng)用廣泛。
5 總 結(jié)
AVR自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓不受負(fù)載變化的影響。本文設(shè)計(jì)的以SG3525為控制核心的PWM調(diào)節(jié)式AVR,采用負(fù)反饋閉環(huán)控制,設(shè)計(jì)了積分電路,頻率檢測(cè)電路,過(guò)、欠壓保護(hù)電路,并設(shè)計(jì)了硬件電路檢驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 深圳屹晶微電子有限公司.EG3525芯片用戶手冊(cè)V1.0[M].深圳:深圳屹晶微電子有限公司,2011.
[2] National Semiconductor. Application note [M]. USA: National Semiconductor, 1976: 7?8.
[3] 倪海東,蔣玉萍.高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源集成控制器[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005.
[4] 王兆安,黃俊.電力電子技術(shù)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2003.
[5] 張利國(guó),高靜.基于AVR單片機(jī)的高可靠性開(kāi)關(guān)量模塊的設(shè)計(jì)[J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2012,35(20):146?148.
[6] 梁濤.基于準(zhǔn)諧振型軟開(kāi)關(guān)的高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源變換器[J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2011,34(24):6?7.
摘 要: 電壓調(diào)節(jié)器控制發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓,在負(fù)載變化時(shí),電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)檢查輸出電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓穩(wěn)定。傳統(tǒng)的電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率晶體管控制極的電壓或者調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,這些方法要么能耗大,要么電壓調(diào)節(jié)瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)差。這里設(shè)計(jì)了基于SG3525控制的Buck電路,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率開(kāi)關(guān)管的PWM占空比調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流。為了平穩(wěn)調(diào)節(jié)輸出電壓,硬件平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)了PI調(diào)節(jié)和軟啟動(dòng),并具有過(guò)壓欠壓保護(hù)和過(guò)勵(lì)磁電流保護(hù)等功能。最后設(shè)計(jì)硬件平臺(tái)驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 勵(lì)磁電流; Buck電路; PI控制; PWM
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN710?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2014)17?0100?03
Abstract: The generator′s output voltage is controlled by AVR (automatic voltage regulator). When the load changes, AVR regulates field current automatically to keep the generator′s voltage invariable by checking the output voltage. Traditional AVR regulates field current by controlling the giant transistor′s base electrode voltage or thyristor conduction angle. These ways consume much more energy or have a bad transient response. A Buck system controlled by SG3525 is designed in this paper, which regulates the field current by adjusting the PWM duty cycle of power switch. PI control and soft start are designed on the hardware platform to regulating the generator′s output voltage reposefully. In addition, low voltage protection, high voltage protection and high field current protection were designed in the system. The rationality of the regulator was verified by an experimental prototype.
Keywords: field current; Buck circuit; PI control; PWM
0 引 言
自動(dòng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)器簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AVR,通過(guò)檢測(cè)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出端的電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在一定范圍。AVR一般以發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓為電源,當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓未達(dá)到設(shè)定值時(shí),增大勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,反之,減小勵(lì)磁。
AVR主要有觸點(diǎn)式、晶體管式、晶閘管式、PWM調(diào)節(jié)式。觸點(diǎn)式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制電磁鐵觸點(diǎn)開(kāi)閉,接通和斷開(kāi)磁場(chǎng)電路,來(lái)改變磁場(chǎng)電流,由于電磁鐵開(kāi)關(guān)速度低,觸點(diǎn)易損壞,目前已基本淘汰。晶體管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)晶體管控制極電壓來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)流過(guò)晶體管的電流,多余的能量由晶體管以熱的形式消耗,在大功率發(fā)電機(jī)中該方式能量浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重,AVR散熱困難。晶閘管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)削波調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角,在AVR輸入電壓高,發(fā)電機(jī)所需的勵(lì)磁電流較小時(shí),發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁電流斷續(xù)、波動(dòng)大,導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓不穩(wěn)定,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)差。PWM式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制功率開(kāi)關(guān)管通斷的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,PWM一般工作在高頻,設(shè)備體積小,發(fā)熱量小,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)快,應(yīng)用廣泛。
5 總 結(jié)
AVR自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓不受負(fù)載變化的影響。本文設(shè)計(jì)的以SG3525為控制核心的PWM調(diào)節(jié)式AVR,采用負(fù)反饋閉環(huán)控制,設(shè)計(jì)了積分電路,頻率檢測(cè)電路,過(guò)、欠壓保護(hù)電路,并設(shè)計(jì)了硬件電路檢驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 深圳屹晶微電子有限公司.EG3525芯片用戶手冊(cè)V1.0[M].深圳:深圳屹晶微電子有限公司,2011.
[2] National Semiconductor. Application note [M]. USA: National Semiconductor, 1976: 7?8.
[3] 倪海東,蔣玉萍.高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源集成控制器[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005.
[4] 王兆安,黃俊.電力電子技術(shù)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2003.
[5] 張利國(guó),高靜.基于AVR單片機(jī)的高可靠性開(kāi)關(guān)量模塊的設(shè)計(jì)[J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2012,35(20):146?148.
[6] 梁濤.基于準(zhǔn)諧振型軟開(kāi)關(guān)的高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源變換器[J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2011,34(24):6?7.
摘 要: 電壓調(diào)節(jié)器控制發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓,在負(fù)載變化時(shí),電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)檢查輸出電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓穩(wěn)定。傳統(tǒng)的電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率晶體管控制極的電壓或者調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,這些方法要么能耗大,要么電壓調(diào)節(jié)瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)差。這里設(shè)計(jì)了基于SG3525控制的Buck電路,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)功率開(kāi)關(guān)管的PWM占空比調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流。為了平穩(wěn)調(diào)節(jié)輸出電壓,硬件平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)了PI調(diào)節(jié)和軟啟動(dòng),并具有過(guò)壓欠壓保護(hù)和過(guò)勵(lì)磁電流保護(hù)等功能。最后設(shè)計(jì)硬件平臺(tái)驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 勵(lì)磁電流; Buck電路; PI控制; PWM
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN710?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2014)17?0100?03
Abstract: The generator′s output voltage is controlled by AVR (automatic voltage regulator). When the load changes, AVR regulates field current automatically to keep the generator′s voltage invariable by checking the output voltage. Traditional AVR regulates field current by controlling the giant transistor′s base electrode voltage or thyristor conduction angle. These ways consume much more energy or have a bad transient response. A Buck system controlled by SG3525 is designed in this paper, which regulates the field current by adjusting the PWM duty cycle of power switch. PI control and soft start are designed on the hardware platform to regulating the generator′s output voltage reposefully. In addition, low voltage protection, high voltage protection and high field current protection were designed in the system. The rationality of the regulator was verified by an experimental prototype.
Keywords: field current; Buck circuit; PI control; PWM
0 引 言
自動(dòng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)器簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AVR,通過(guò)檢測(cè)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出端的電壓,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在一定范圍。AVR一般以發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓為電源,當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓未達(dá)到設(shè)定值時(shí),增大勵(lì)磁繞組的勵(lì)磁電流,反之,減小勵(lì)磁。
AVR主要有觸點(diǎn)式、晶體管式、晶閘管式、PWM調(diào)節(jié)式。觸點(diǎn)式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制電磁鐵觸點(diǎn)開(kāi)閉,接通和斷開(kāi)磁場(chǎng)電路,來(lái)改變磁場(chǎng)電流,由于電磁鐵開(kāi)關(guān)速度低,觸點(diǎn)易損壞,目前已基本淘汰。晶體管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)晶體管控制極電壓來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)流過(guò)晶體管的電流,多余的能量由晶體管以熱的形式消耗,在大功率發(fā)電機(jī)中該方式能量浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重,AVR散熱困難。晶閘管式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)削波調(diào)節(jié)晶閘管的導(dǎo)通角,在AVR輸入電壓高,發(fā)電機(jī)所需的勵(lì)磁電流較小時(shí),發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁電流斷續(xù)、波動(dòng)大,導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓不穩(wěn)定,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)差。PWM式電壓調(diào)節(jié)器通過(guò)控制功率開(kāi)關(guān)管通斷的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,PWM一般工作在高頻,設(shè)備體積小,發(fā)熱量小,動(dòng)態(tài)相應(yīng)快,應(yīng)用廣泛。
5 總 結(jié)
AVR自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁電流,使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓不受負(fù)載變化的影響。本文設(shè)計(jì)的以SG3525為控制核心的PWM調(diào)節(jié)式AVR,采用負(fù)反饋閉環(huán)控制,設(shè)計(jì)了積分電路,頻率檢測(cè)電路,過(guò)、欠壓保護(hù)電路,并設(shè)計(jì)了硬件電路檢驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 深圳屹晶微電子有限公司.EG3525芯片用戶手冊(cè)V1.0[M].深圳:深圳屹晶微電子有限公司,2011.
[2] National Semiconductor. Application note [M]. USA: National Semiconductor, 1976: 7?8.
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