楊惠娟,王景,王紅麗,危月輝,史宏志
河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)煙草學(xué)院 國家煙草栽培生理生化研究基地 煙草行業(yè)栽培重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 ,鄭州 450002
打頂前后烤煙葉片microRNAs表達(dá)差異的研究
楊惠娟,王景,王紅麗,危月輝,史宏志
河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)煙草學(xué)院 國家煙草栽培生理生化研究基地 煙草行業(yè)栽培重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 ,鄭州 450002
為研究打頂前后烤煙葉片中差異表達(dá)的microRNAs(miRNAs),利用Solexa測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)打頂前后煙草葉片的小RNA文庫進(jìn)行測(cè)定,分別得到4,223,982和4,993,588條unique sRNA序列讀數(shù)。打頂前后葉片樣品中分別有347條與337條序列與庫中miRNA匹配,其中注釋序列分別為83和71條。在打頂前后葉片樣品中表達(dá)具有顯著差異的miRNA有7條,在打頂后葉片中高表達(dá)的miRNA有miR-157和miR-156;在打頂后葉片中低表達(dá)的miRNA有miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394和 miR-399。實(shí)驗(yàn)還鑒定出3條新的miRNA序列,其中Nta-miRNA*-001和Nta-miRNA*-002存在打頂前葉片樣品中,Nta-miRNA*-003存在打頂后葉片中。打頂前后烤煙葉片主要miRNA 的表達(dá)差異反應(yīng)了打頂對(duì)烤煙葉片的生長(zhǎng)及抗逆等應(yīng)激過程的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
烤煙 ;葉片;打頂;miRNA
microRNAs(微小RNAs,miRNAs) 作為基因表達(dá)中的一類負(fù)調(diào)控子,主要在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上通過介導(dǎo)目標(biāo)mRNA 的切割或抑制翻譯來調(diào)節(jié)植物基因的表達(dá) [1]。
植物 miRNA 介導(dǎo)的調(diào)控主要取決于植物 miRNA與其靶 mRNA 的序列互補(bǔ)的程度[2-3]。通常情況下,miRNA 與靶 mRNA 完全互/補(bǔ)或接近完全互補(bǔ)時(shí),則會(huì)切割 mRNA; miRNA 與靶 mRNA 不完全互補(bǔ)時(shí),則抑制它的翻譯[4]。而植物 miRNA 介導(dǎo)的主要作用方式是對(duì)靶 mRNA 的剪切[5]。切割后,miRNA 會(huì)繼續(xù)識(shí)別并切割其他靶基因。
一個(gè)miRNA可作用于多個(gè)mRNA,如miR159可同時(shí)調(diào)控TCP2、CP3、TCP4、CP10、TCP24和GAMYB等靶基因的表達(dá),而一個(gè)mRNA也可能受到多個(gè)不同miRNA的調(diào)節(jié),如SCL6同時(shí)受到miR30、miR46和miR58等的調(diào)節(jié)[6]。miRNA在植物體中的表達(dá)水平受到外界環(huán)境、激素、發(fā)育進(jìn)程等多種因素的影響[7]。miRNA在植物根分化、葉片發(fā)育、莖尖形成、開花與性別分化等過程中均有重要作用[8-14]。
烤煙是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一。為了獲得較好的煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量,生產(chǎn)上通常在生長(zhǎng)后期對(duì)烤煙進(jìn)行打頂。通過摘除煙株頂端的花序及包括頂部的幾片幼葉,控制和去除煙草的頂端生長(zhǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì),將煙株的生長(zhǎng)中心及時(shí)調(diào)整到打頂后保留下的煙草葉片生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育上來。打頂對(duì)煙草葉片的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及優(yōu)良品質(zhì)的形成有重要影響。本研究旨在探究打頂前后烤煙葉片中差異表達(dá)的miRNA,以期了解miRNA與打頂前后葉片的生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)之間的聯(lián)系,為研究烤煙打頂對(duì)葉片生長(zhǎng)的分子調(diào)節(jié)過程提供研究線索。
煙草品種為K326,試驗(yàn)地設(shè)在河南省平頂山市郟縣。試驗(yàn)田依當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī)栽培方法管理。取移栽后60天(打頂前)和移栽后70天(打頂后10天)煙株第12葉位的葉片。葉片樣品于液氮冷凍并放入-80℃冰箱保存。
總RNA提取應(yīng)用TRIZOL試劑(Invitrogen,USA),按照說明書提取打頂前后葉片樣品總RNA。再通過15%的聚丙烯酰胺變性凝膠電泳分離,回收18~30個(gè)核苷酸的片段,采用SuperScriptTMⅡ(Invitrogen,USA)進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,之后分別將5’以及3’測(cè)序接頭引物連接于反轉(zhuǎn)錄后的cDNA序列兩端,PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行Solexa測(cè)序(北京華大基因,深圳,廣東,中國)。Solexa測(cè)序所得35nt序列,經(jīng)去接頭、去低質(zhì)量、去污染等過程完成數(shù)據(jù)處理得到干凈序列,對(duì)其進(jìn)行序列長(zhǎng)度分布的統(tǒng)計(jì)及樣品間公共序列統(tǒng)計(jì)。并分類注釋,獲得樣品中包含的各組分及表達(dá)量信息。
將獲得的sRNA序列在miRNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(miRBase15.0,http://www.mirbase.org/)中擬南芥庫進(jìn)行比對(duì),篩選樣品中的已知miRNA,以錯(cuò)配堿基數(shù)目小于2為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確定煙草葉片中的保守miRNA。表達(dá)量在樣品間差異表達(dá)大于2倍以上或小于0.5倍以下同時(shí)p小于0.01的miRNA確定為差異表達(dá)(上調(diào)/下調(diào))。使用華大研發(fā)的軟件Mireap預(yù)測(cè)新的miRNA,繪制其miRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖。
利用Solexa測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)打頂前后煙草葉片的小RNA文庫進(jìn)行測(cè)序,分別獲得19,186,129和18,798,348條原始序列,經(jīng)接頭序列及低質(zhì)量序列處理,分別獲得12,269,227和11,845,980條干凈序列,再經(jīng)冗余序列去除,最終分別得到4,223,982和4,993,588條Unique sRNA序列讀數(shù),分別占總序列讀數(shù)的22.02%和26.56%(表1)。經(jīng)miRNA數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索,打頂前葉片樣品中共有347條序列與庫中miRNA匹配,其中83條序列為注釋miRNA,82條為前體miRNA序列;打頂后的葉片樣品中共有337條匹配序列,注釋miRNA序列為71條,前體miRNA序列為78條(表1)。
表1 打頂前后葉片中的sRNA 檢測(cè)及miRNAs 的鑒定Tab.1 Identification of sRNA and miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping
打頂前后葉片樣品中miRNA的表達(dá)量如圖1所示,與打頂前葉片相比,打頂后葉片樣品中miRNA的表達(dá)量差異表達(dá)大于2倍以上(即在打頂后葉片中上調(diào))的miRNA有2條,分別是mir-157和miR-156;表達(dá)量小于0.5倍以下(即在打頂后葉片中下調(diào))的 miRNA 有 5條,分 別 是 miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399 (表2)。
圖1 打頂前后葉片miRNAs 的表達(dá)水平Fig.1 Expression level of miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping
分析未匹配序列,由打頂前葉片樣品中鑒定出2條新的miRNA序列,命名為Nta-miRNA*-001 and Nta-miRNA*-002,由打頂后葉片中鑒定出1條miRNA序列,命名為Nta-miRNA*-003。預(yù)測(cè)新miRNA前體序列及其頸環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2和圖3所示,紅色框入序列為成熟miRNA序列區(qū)域。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)比較了打頂前后煙草葉片中miRNA表達(dá)譜,篩選出在兩時(shí)期葉片中差異表達(dá)的7個(gè)miRNA(表2)。打頂后葉片中上調(diào)miRNA為mir-157和miR-156,下調(diào)的 miRNA 為 miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399。
根據(jù)靶基因功能不同,目前研究報(bào)道的miRNA及其靶基因主要可分調(diào)控植物miRNA代謝類[15-16];調(diào)控植物形態(tài)、發(fā)育類[10,16-20];調(diào)控植物抵抗逆境脅迫類[15-16,18,21-22];目前功能還不明確類[15-16,18,20]。在我們研究結(jié)果中,miR-156、miR-157和miR-159屬于調(diào)控植物形態(tài)發(fā)育類,miR-395和miR-399屬于植物抗逆調(diào)控類,miR-394的功能目前尚不明確。miR156/157與miR159是高度保守的家族,miR394是中度保守的家族,而miR395與miR399是低度保守的家族。通常在植物中鑒定的miRNA從miR156到miR408大部分是相當(dāng)保守和古老的,在植物發(fā)育及脅迫響應(yīng)等方面起著非常關(guān)鍵的作用[23-27]。
表2 打頂前后葉片中(打頂后/打頂前)差異表達(dá)的miRNAsTab.2 Expression differences of miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping
圖2 打頂前葉片中新miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-001 和 Nta-miRNA*-002)預(yù)測(cè)序列(A)及其前體預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖(B)Tab.2 Diagram of predicted sequence(A)and precursor prediction(B)of miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-001 和 Nta-miRNA*-002)in tobacco leaves before topping
圖3 打頂后葉片中新miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-003)預(yù)測(cè)序列(A)及其前體預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖Tab.3 Diagram of predicted sequence(A)and precursor prediction(B)of miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-003)in tobacco leaves after topping
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)打頂后葉片中mir-156和mir-157的表現(xiàn)上調(diào),兩者可以識(shí)別共同的控制植物開花的靶基因SBP box gene SPL3[28]。miR156參與葉的啟動(dòng)生長(zhǎng)和控制幼葉到成熟葉的轉(zhuǎn)變[11]。miRl56在營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官里表達(dá)量最大,過量表達(dá) miR156能顯著增加擬南芥的葉片數(shù)目,并且開花時(shí)間出現(xiàn)延遲。miR156還控制著幼年期向成年期轉(zhuǎn)變、營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)向生殖生長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變這兩個(gè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的過程中,在營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)早期 miR156表達(dá)水平較高,隨著發(fā)育進(jìn)程逐漸進(jìn)入生殖生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期,其表達(dá)水平下降。擬南芥miR156表達(dá)水平的降低伴隨著向成年期轉(zhuǎn)變和早花表型[29-34]。miR156 也是一條控制開花的內(nèi)源性新途徑,這個(gè)途徑使得植物在沒有外界誘導(dǎo)信號(hào)的情況下依然可以開花結(jié)果,當(dāng)miR156 的含量逐漸降低,而其靶基因的含量逐漸上升,當(dāng)靶基因的表達(dá)到一定程度,就可以開啟下游基因的表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)植物開花。相反,過量表達(dá)miR156會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的延長(zhǎng)和遲花的現(xiàn)象[29,35-36]。由此可見,增加miR156的轉(zhuǎn)錄量主要影響植株的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期和開花過程。我們的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)miR156在打頂后煙草葉片中表達(dá)量較高,在打頂后葉片中miR156的轉(zhuǎn)錄增加將有利于加強(qiáng)煙株的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)而延緩生殖生長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)程。這與打頂措施在煙草生產(chǎn)上的目的相一致,結(jié)果說明打頂在控制了煙株的生殖生長(zhǎng)后確實(shí)對(duì)葉片的生長(zhǎng)起到了促進(jìn)作用,而miR156上調(diào)則是其中的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制之一。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn)打頂后葉片下調(diào)的miRNA有miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399。這些下調(diào)的miRNA除miR-394功能不明外,其余的都與植物抗性脅迫有關(guān)。其中miR159與脫落酸(ABA)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)過程有關(guān),miR159過量表達(dá)可以降低植物對(duì)ABA的敏感性[37]。miR159在甘蔗抗鹽應(yīng)激過程中也發(fā)揮了重要作用[38]。miR399可調(diào)控磷的吸收和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),在受到低磷脅迫下其表達(dá)量增加,使其靶基因表達(dá)量降低,從而提高了磷的積累[39-40],低硫可以誘導(dǎo)miR395的 表達(dá)量升高[41]。
打頂導(dǎo)致這些與抗逆脅迫相關(guān)miRNA的表達(dá)量降低,表明打頂在引起煙草葉片自身生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)改變的同時(shí)也改變了葉片對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫的反應(yīng)及對(duì)激素信號(hào)的敏感程度。但其更為明確的調(diào)控方向尚需要進(jìn)一步的深入探討和研究。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)鑒定出三個(gè)與擬南芥miRNA庫未匹配的 miRNA——Nta-miRNA*-001,Nta-miRNA*-002和Nta-miRNA*-003。其中,在打頂前葉片中鑒定出Nta-miRNA*-001,Nta-miRNA*-002,在打頂后葉片中鑒定出Nta-miRNA*-003。通過軟件預(yù)測(cè)其前體結(jié)構(gòu)及成熟序列的位置如圖2、圖3所示。煙草葉片中鑒定出三個(gè)新的miRNA在數(shù)據(jù)庫中沒有登錄,其功能信息還不明確。
烤煙打頂可使葉片中miR-157和miR-156的上調(diào),miR156/157的上調(diào)可能是打頂影響煙株的生殖生長(zhǎng)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制之一。打頂后烤煙葉片下調(diào)的miRNA 有 miR-395、miR-159c、miR-159a、miR-394和 miR-399,除miR-394功能不明外,其余都與植物抗性脅迫有關(guān)。表明打頂可能通過調(diào)控相關(guān)miRNA的表達(dá)來影響烤煙葉片的生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)和對(duì)脅迫信號(hào)的敏感程度。
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Research on microRNAs expression profiles in flue-cured tobacco leaves before and after topping
YANG Huijuan,WANG Jing,WANG Hongli,WEI Yuehui,SHI Hongzhi
Expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)profiles in two sRNA libraries which come from flue-cured tobacco leaves before and after topping were shown by Solexa sequencing technology.Totally 4,223,982 and 4,993,588 unique sRNA sequence reads were obtained in before and after topping leaves libraries.The matched miRNAs in before and after leave samples were 347 and 337 in which 83 and 71 were annotated sequences,respectively.Seven miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed ones between leaves before and after topping.Compared with the expression profiles in before topping samples MiR-157 and MiR-156 were expressed at a relative high level while MiR-395,MiR-159c,MiR-159a,MiR-394 and MiR-399 were shown to be lower expressed.Three new miRNA sequence were predicted in which Nta-miRNA*-001 and Nta-miRNA*-002 were exist in the leave sample before topping and Nta-miRNA*-003 was exist in the after topping sample.The differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that topping can regulate the leaf vegetative growth and resistance ability.
flue-cured tobacco; leaf; topping; miRNA
10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2014.05.018
S572.01 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1004-5708(2014)05-0110-06
河南省高等學(xué)校青年骨干教師資助計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011GGJS-045);河南省教育廳自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013A180474)
楊惠娟(1978—),副教授,從事煙草生物技術(shù)研究,Email:huijuanyang@henau.edu.cn
史宏志(1963—),教授,從事煙草栽培生理研究,Email:shihongzhi88@163.com
2013-10-12