【摘要】 目的 研究椎間盤突出髓核摘除術(shù)后患者的護(hù)理體會(huì)。方法 入選我院椎間盤突出欲行手術(shù)治療的患者80例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組各40例。所有患者均行CT確診為腰椎間盤突出。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方法,包括藥物治療、腰椎牽引、減腹壓等,觀察組應(yīng)用舒適護(hù)理。結(jié)果 觀察組2~3個(gè)月康復(fù)的患者25例,對(duì)照組5例,兩組比較康復(fù)時(shí)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者滿意度為93.5%,對(duì)照組患者滿意度為76.34%,觀察組的患者滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 術(shù)后舒適護(hù)理明顯減少椎間盤突出髓核摘除術(shù)患者的康復(fù)時(shí)間,患者的滿意度也明顯提高。
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2015.06.196
工作單位:150080黑龍江省哈爾濱市骨傷科醫(yī)院
Protrusion of Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Excision Technique Nursing Experience
WANG Hong Orthopedics and Traumatology hospital of Harbin in Heilongjiang province,Harbin 150080,China
【Abstract】
Objective To study the removal of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discprominent nursing experience of patients after operation. Methods Selected in our hospital 80 cases of protrusion of intervertebral disc to operation treated patients, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases in each group. All patients underwent CT confirmed the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. The control group received routine nursing care methods, including drug therapy, lumbar traction,reduction of abdominal pressure, the observation group application of comfort nursing care. Results Observation of 25 patients of group 2~3 months of rehabilitation, 5 cases in the control group, two groups compare the rehabilitation time difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Patients in the observation group satisfaction was 93.5%, the control group patients satisfaction was 76.34%, the satisfaction of patients in observation group were significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Postoperative comfort care significantly reduce the protrusion of the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus extraction recovery time for patients, patient satisfaction increased obviously.
【Key words】Protrusion of intervertebral disc,Operation,Nursing
椎間盤突出癥是骨科常見的疾患之一,主要是腰椎間盤纖維環(huán)被破壞,腰椎間盤退變、后突而導(dǎo)致的神經(jīng)根壓迫以及神經(jīng)刺激癥狀 [1]。該病發(fā)病率高、復(fù)發(fā)率高,因此術(shù)后的護(hù)理至關(guān)重要,本課題觀察舒適護(hù)理在腰椎間盤突出隨和摘除術(shù)后的護(hù)理效果。
1 材料與方法
1.1 基本資料
選擇我院2013年1月至2014年1月在我院住院準(zhǔn)備接受手術(shù)治療的80例腰椎間盤突出患者為研究對(duì)象,其中男性58例,女性22例,年齡30~65歲。平均年齡(48.33±2.86)歲,隨機(jī)將80例患者分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組各40例,兩組患者在年齡、性別、文化程度、基礎(chǔ)疾病等方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 診斷方法
所有患者均行CT確診為腰椎間盤突出 [2]。查體:脊柱活動(dòng)受限,側(cè)彎,病變椎間隙旁壓痛陽(yáng)性,下肢直腿抬高試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性?;颊呔醒?、下肢疼痛麻木、坡行,經(jīng)過口服、外貼藥物以及物理治療后效果不佳,需手術(shù)治療。
1.3 治療方法
經(jīng)后路腰背部切口,切除部分椎板和關(guān)節(jié)突,中央型椎間盤突出者行椎板切除后,再經(jīng)硬脊膜歪貨硬脊膜內(nèi)切除椎間盤。如果合并腰椎不穩(wěn)或腰椎管狹窄者,同時(shí)行脊柱融合術(shù)。
1.4 護(hù)理方法
對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方法,包括藥物治療、腰椎牽引、減腹壓等,觀察組應(yīng)用舒適護(hù)理。①心理護(hù)理,術(shù)后及時(shí)與患者及家屬溝通,及時(shí)了解患者的心理狀態(tài),了解患者的痛苦,表達(dá)對(duì)患者病痛的理解、同情和關(guān)心,護(hù)理中盡可能轉(zhuǎn)移患者的注意力,消除患者的恐懼心理,而對(duì)于術(shù)后癥狀緩解明顯者要告知不能盲目樂觀隨意行動(dòng)。②術(shù)后體位護(hù)理,患者術(shù)后要絕對(duì)臥床休息,術(shù)后4~6小時(shí)平臥,同時(shí)護(hù)理人員要及時(shí)進(jìn)行受壓部位的按摩,防止褥瘡的發(fā)生。盡量延遲翻身,避免活動(dòng)性出血。翻身時(shí)注意脊柱保持在一條軸線上。③術(shù)后活動(dòng)護(hù)理,術(shù)后臥床期間,堅(jiān)持四肢功能鍛煉,預(yù)防肌肉萎縮、肺部感染以及血栓栓塞等并發(fā)癥;術(shù)后一周可在床上行腰背部鍛煉,遵循循序漸進(jìn)、由少到多的長(zhǎng)期鍛煉計(jì)劃。④飲食護(hù)理,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)給患者提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分高、容易消化的食物,對(duì)于害怕大小便失禁可以減少飲食的患者,要給于正確講解飲食的重要性,督促其正常飲食及飲水。
2 結(jié)果
術(shù)后隨訪結(jié)果顯示,觀察組2~3個(gè)月康復(fù)的患者25例,對(duì)照組5例,兩組比較康復(fù)時(shí)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)?;颊邼M意度調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者滿意度為93.5%,對(duì)照組患者滿意度為76.34%,觀察組的患者滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3 討論
腰椎間盤突出癥是骨科常見的病癥,由于其越來越高的發(fā)病率,嚴(yán)重影響了患者的工作和生活質(zhì)量。本研究對(duì)椎間盤突出術(shù)后的患者應(yīng)用心理護(hù)理、體位護(hù)理、活動(dòng)護(hù)理、飲食護(hù)理以及出院護(hù)理等綜合舒適護(hù)理,結(jié)果顯示,患者康復(fù)的時(shí)間較對(duì)照組明顯縮短,患者滿意度也明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。值得在臨床椎間盤突出患者中應(yīng)用。