山東省臨清市趙際紅供稿
英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
山東省臨清市趙際紅供稿
否定轉(zhuǎn)移在英語中屢見不鮮,為幫助同學(xué)們理解和翻譯,現(xiàn)將常見的用法歸納如下:
1.否定賓語從句的謂語轉(zhuǎn)為否定主句的謂語。當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine,(假定),(估計),(料想)等后跟賓語從句時,常把否定賓語從句的謂語動詞的not轉(zhuǎn)移到否定主句的謂語動詞上。例如:
I don’t believe he knows it.
我認為他不知道這件事。
I don’t suppose he’ll come to the party.
我猜他不會來參加聚會。
2.否定狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)為否定主句。例如:
The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
那座山之所以有價值并非因為它高。
The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.
發(fā)動機并非因為燃料用完了而停止轉(zhuǎn)動。
在含有同位語從句的復(fù)合句中,如果主句中被否定的詞是hope,opinion,view,thought,wish等,通常轉(zhuǎn)為否定同位語從句的謂語。例如:
It is not my opinion that his contribution to the revolutionary cause can be overestimated.
=It is my opinion that his contribution to the revolutionary cause can not be overestimated.
我的看法是他對革命事業(yè)的貢獻怎么估計也不過分。
(cannot...over do與cannot...too+adj./adv.都是形式否定而意義肯定的固定句式,意為:怎么……也不過分,越……越……)
It is not his thought that you should buy that car at all.
=It is his thought that you should not buy that car at all.
他認為你完全沒必要買那輛車。
1.否定謂語轉(zhuǎn)為否定主語。例如:
No news comes.沒有聽到任何消息。
2.否定動詞不定式轉(zhuǎn)為否定謂語。例如:
We eat to live,but we don’t live to eat.
我們吃飯是為了活著,但是我們活著不是為了吃飯。
3.否定謂語轉(zhuǎn)為否定賓語。例如:
He listened carefully,but could hear nothing.
他仔細聽,可是什么也沒有聽到。
4.否定介詞短語轉(zhuǎn)為否定謂語。例如:
We don’t read this novel for amusement.
我們讀這篇小說不是為了消遣。
5.否定賓語補足語轉(zhuǎn)為否定謂語。例如:
I don’t think the problem difficult.
我認為這個問題不難。
6.在某些否定句中,否定不定代詞或形容詞(every,each,all,both)轉(zhuǎn)為否定謂語,這就是所謂的部分否定。例如:
Everybody can not get there on time.=Not everybody can get there on time.
并不是每一個人都能按時到達那里。
Both of them are not from English.=Not both of them are from English.
他們兩個并非都是英格蘭人。(他們兩個人中只有一個是英格蘭人)
從以上數(shù)例可以看出,英語漢譯或表達否定時不能生硬地對號入座,要注意英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移,只有這樣才能正確地理解作者的意圖,地道地表達我們的意思。