江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江新區(qū)大港中學王玉龍供稿

中考任務(wù)型閱讀題評析與專練

江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江新區(qū)大港中學王玉龍供稿

【試題評析】

全國各地中考英語試卷中的“任務(wù)型閱讀”題型，是一種比較靈活的綜合性試題，其主要考查學生根據(jù)所提供的信息解決實際問題的能力，同時還注重考查學生的閱讀理解、分析理解、邏輯推理以及社會生活的綜合運用能力。該題型因其新穎性和綜合性強、利于對學生創(chuàng)新思維的培養(yǎng)等特點受到了命題者的青睞。該題型不僅較好地考查了考生的動腦能力，而且對考生動筆寫的能力也進行了有效的檢測，充分體現(xiàn)了新課程教學改革與評價觀念的積極轉(zhuǎn)變。

【解題策略】

因信息轉(zhuǎn)換類考題在中考命題設(shè)題中的比重較大，筆者將著重談下該類題目的幾種常見的解題突破方法，希望能夠?qū)ν瑢W們提升自身的解題能力有所幫助與啟迪。

◆方法一：詞形/性轉(zhuǎn)換題?？疾閷⒁环N詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞類，主要包括動詞與名詞轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與名詞轉(zhuǎn)換、同義詞與反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換和前綴與后綴轉(zhuǎn)換等。解題方法一般不難，只要學會在文中找到和題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞進行相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換即可。

◆方法二：句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換題。瀏覽文章后，迅速將原文中與所出題目相關(guān)信息的句子進行劃線定位并進行釋義理解，細心考慮用提煉過的新詞來改寫句子，考查形式一般為改寫同義句或反義句。

◆方法三：信息推理歸納題。解題關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)問題查找定位信息，找出共性的東西。歸納詞的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆蓋欄目內(nèi)信息；針對性，量體裁衣，大小適度；醒目性，語言要求簡潔明了。常見概括性詞語有：話題類（topic,title）;原因類（reason,cause）；結(jié)果類（result,effect,influence）；目的類（aim,purpose,goal）；方法類（way,method）；觀點類（opinion, idea,thought）；異同類（different,same）；優(yōu)劣類（advantage,disadvantage）；建議類（advice,suggestion,tip）；結(jié)論類（conclusion,summary）。

【例題解析】（2014年揚州市中考任務(wù)型閱讀題，保留試卷原題號）

It’s important to develop the healthy habits in your daily life.The following will help you become healthier and keep perfect shape.(56題為信息歸納題，考查文章標題的概括能力。)

Eat properly.A healthy diet is very important for everybody.Breakfast is the most important meal in a day.Doctors suggest that students’breakfast should include fruit,eggs,milk,rice or noodles,because these can offer them necessary energy,(57題為詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題，考查provide sb. with sth.短語用法。)help them listen carefully in class and keep them healthy.Eat enough for lunch and little for supper.(58題為信息查找題，直接摘抄答案。)But remember that too much sugar is bad for your teeth and blood.You shouldn’t have too many sweet snacks and desserts in your diet,even though such food tastes delicious.(59題為句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換題，考查改寫同義句。)

Keep off(病菌).Daily tooth cleaning reduces the amount of germs which will spread diseases.(60題為句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換釋義理解題，考查提煉新詞能力。)Germs in the mouth arelikely to enter the blood and cause illness,even heart disease.Even if you’re not sick,always remember to cough or sneeze into your arms instead of your hands because hands can spread germs to others when you touch something else.(61題為詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題，考查stop sb.from doing sth.短語用法。)Besides,washing hands is necessary after going to the toilet or before having a meal.And you’d better rub both hands while washing them.

Exercise regularly.（62題為詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題，考查小標題詞性前后一致原則。）Regular exercise can improve your moods and balance.What’s more,it’s good for bones.There are many forms of exercise:walking or running for about 30 minutes a day,playing ball games twice or three times a week,swimming or dancing often.You can choose your favorite to practise regularly.You will not only feel energetic(63題為信息查找題，直接摘抄答案。)but also think better after doing exercise.

Stay connected.Having regular communication with friends is the key to reducing stress. (64題為句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換釋義理解題，考查提煉新詞能力。)And sharing happiness and sadness, exchanging information with others can also help improve memory.(65題為詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題，考查介詞后動詞變-ing形式用法。)Having a friend or a circle of friends can help you feel good.

【練習建議】

☆借助所給圖表結(jié)構(gòu)，快速瀏覽并抓住文章中心大意；

☆培養(yǎng)信息定位查找的能力；

☆訓練分析、整理、歸納信息以及準確表達信息的語言綜合運用能力；

☆堅持不懈地抓好日常書寫訓練；

☆加強規(guī)范性訓練，培養(yǎng)良好的思維和解題習慣；

☆夯實語法基礎(chǔ)，并對詞匯和短語復習加以鞏固。

【專項訓練】

閱讀下面兩篇短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后的表格中填入恰當?shù)膯卧~，每空一詞。

A

Have you ever wondered what an American high school is really like?This article will describe a(典型的)high school and its students.

A typical American high school has some large buildings and enough space for about 1,500 students.Every student is given a(有鎖的存物柜).When students first arrive at school, they go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes.As American textbooks are expensive,students would rather(租借)than buy them. Students must pay back if they lost any of them.

American students have different types of school transport.They usually take a yellow school bus or walk to school if they live close enough.Sometimes their parents drive them to school.When they turn 16 years of age,most take a free driving class at school for one term.If students(掙得)passing grades in the class and also pass their(國家；州)driver’s exam,they can begin driving themselves to school.

Each day,students take six or seven classes.They must take science,math,English and social studies.They can choose art,homemaking,fashion design and other classes.In some schools students are required to take one or more of the following special classes:health education,physical education or foreign language studies.Students move to different classrooms for each subject. This is because each teacher has their own classroom.There is a five-minute break between classes,to give the students the time to hurry to their next class.

The regular school day usually ends early in the afternoon.After school more than half of the students join in after-school activities.These activities include sports—especially football, basketball,baseball and soccer or clubs,such as yearbook,speech,school newspaper,photographor student government.

B

There are many things you can do to improve your memory.Among them are many kinds of useful ways as well as taking special care of your health.

It is important that you make yourself excited to make your memory more active.You can do this by doing some new activities and by changing your daily habits.Learning a new skill helps your(大腦)to develop.When trying to remember something,you should pay special attention to the most important things about it.Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind because this will reduce your chances of making right memories.

An excellent way to help memory is to connect information with pictures.Try to see the pictures in your mind.Taking notes and keeping a diary will also be helpful.

Healthy food and plenty of vitamins are necessary for your memory to work well.Drinking a lot of water also helps keep your memory.You must allow your brain to have enough sleep and rest.When you are asleep,your brain stores memory.Not enough sleep can cause problems with storing information.And being tired will also stop you from being able to think clearly and well.

In order to keep your mind on your work，you must be free from worry.Generally,keeping fit and normal health checks are both important as well—not just for improving your memory.