許 傳 張賢生高晶晶 湯冬冬 楊佳佳史 凱 高 攀 黃遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) 郝宗耀 周 駿 梁朝朝安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院泌尿外科 (合肥 230022)
不同類型早泄射精潛伏期與慢性前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分的相關(guān)性調(diào)查*
許 傳 張賢生**高晶晶 湯冬冬 楊佳佳史 凱 高 攀 黃遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) 郝宗耀 周 駿 梁朝朝
安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院泌尿外科 (合肥 230022)
摘要目的 探討不同類型早泄射精潛伏期(IELT)與美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分(NIH-CPSI)的相關(guān)性。方法 對(duì)2013年2月至2014年5月因早泄而就診于安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院男科門診的485名早泄患者和372名健康體檢者(來自體檢中心,自述無早泄)進(jìn)行相關(guān)檢查和問卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查的內(nèi)容包括基本人口信息學(xué)特征、IELT和NIH-CPSI等。結(jié)果 早泄組的IELT顯著低于自述無早泄組(簡(jiǎn)稱無早泄組),而早泄組的NIH-CPSI評(píng)分顯著高于無早泄組。在不同類型早泄組中,獲得性早泄(APE)的NIH-CPSI的總分及各分項(xiàng)得分值最高,早泄樣射精功能障礙(PLED)的IELT最長(zhǎng)。早泄患者的IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,其中APE組的IELT與NIHCPSI總分及各分項(xiàng)得分的相關(guān)性最強(qiáng):IELT與NIH-CPSI總分、疼痛癥狀評(píng)分、排尿癥狀評(píng)分、生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為-0.67、-0.71、-0.69、-0.63(P均<0.001)。結(jié)論 早泄患者的NIH-CPSI評(píng)分顯著高于無早泄組,早泄患者的IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,APE組的IELT與NIH-CPSI總分及各分項(xiàng)得分的負(fù)相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)。
關(guān)鍵詞早泄; 前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分
早泄是常見的男性性功能障礙,據(jù)研究報(bào)道,其發(fā)病率大約在20%~30%[1]。對(duì)于早泄的定義相關(guān)的專業(yè)組織有不同的定義及分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),國際性醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)(International Society for Sexual Medicine, ISSM)定義原發(fā)性早泄(lifelong premature ejaculation, LPE)為射精潛伏期(intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, IELT)<1min,缺乏控制射精的能力,因此帶來了消極的情緒[2]。然而也有部分患者抱怨過早射精卻不符合此早泄的定義,Waldinger 和Schweitzer等[3, 4]在此基礎(chǔ)上增加了另外兩種早泄分類,分別為自然變異性早泄(natural variable premature ejaculation, NVPE)和早泄樣射精功能障礙(premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction, PLED)。依據(jù)此分類,我們的前期研究[5]調(diào)查了門診早泄患者的分布情況,并得出LPE是門診最常見的早泄類型,獲得性早泄(acquired premature ejaculation, APE)往往伴有更多的合并癥,如勃起功能障礙、高血壓和糖尿病等。
早泄的發(fā)病與諸多因素有關(guān),包括精神心理因素、勃起功能障礙和慢性前列腺炎等。相關(guān)研究[6-8]認(rèn)為前列腺炎癥狀可能通過引起疼痛和下尿路癥狀間接影響男性的生殖健康。Screponi等[9]首次報(bào)道了早泄與慢性前列腺炎之間的相關(guān)性。此外,Lotti 等[10]在調(diào)查了244名不育男性后發(fā)現(xiàn)早泄的發(fā)病率與前列腺炎癥狀有明顯的相關(guān)性,即早泄診斷量表(PE diagnostic tool, PEDT)得分與慢性前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分(national institutes of health-chronic prostatitis symptom index, NIH-CPSI)的總分及各分項(xiàng)值呈正相關(guān)性,在NIH-CPSI分值≥4分時(shí),早泄的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高(OR=6.41,P<0.0001)。上述研究表明早泄的發(fā)病可能與慢性前列腺炎相關(guān),但對(duì)于不同類型早泄患者射精潛伏期與慢性前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分的相關(guān)性研究較少,本研究旨在探討不同類型早泄患者IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分的相關(guān)性。
一、調(diào)查對(duì)象
調(diào)查對(duì)象為2013年2月到2014年5月因早泄來我院門診的患者485名(早泄組)及我院體檢中心健康自述無早泄者372名(簡(jiǎn)稱無早泄組),所有調(diào)查對(duì)象獲悉知情同意后均填寫一份問卷,其內(nèi)容主要包括基本的人口信息學(xué)(年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、學(xué)歷、職業(yè)等)和IELT、NIH-CPSI評(píng)分等
二、判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(一)早泄的診斷
依據(jù)Waldinger等[3, 11]提出的早泄分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將早泄患者分為原發(fā)性早泄(LPE)、繼發(fā)性早泄(APE)、自然變異性早泄(NVPE)和早泄樣射精功能障礙(PLED)4種類型,見表1。
表1 4種早泄類型的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(二)美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院前列腺炎癥狀評(píng)分指數(shù)表(NIH-CPSI)
NIH-CPSI是一種被公認(rèn)實(shí)用而可靠的前列腺炎癥狀自評(píng)表,評(píng)分內(nèi)容包括:疼痛癥狀評(píng)分(共21分)、排尿癥狀評(píng)分(共10分)和癥狀對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量的影響(共12分)。CPSI評(píng)分按0~14分、15~30分、31~43分把癥狀及影響程度相應(yīng)分為:輕度、中度、重度。
三、調(diào)查方法
調(diào)查者為經(jīng)統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)的泌尿男科醫(yī)師,由調(diào)查人員向調(diào)查對(duì)象介紹調(diào)查內(nèi)容和意義,調(diào)查對(duì)象在知情同意后獨(dú)立完成問卷。對(duì)文化程度低者,由調(diào)查人員逐條解釋并根據(jù)調(diào)查對(duì)象口述真實(shí)填寫。
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
將所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理、錄入和核對(duì),數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)審核其有效性及完整性后,通過SPSS 13.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, United States)軟件進(jìn)行分析。用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法,t檢驗(yàn)和方差分析用于多組數(shù)據(jù)的均數(shù)比較,x2檢驗(yàn)用于多組數(shù)據(jù)率的比較,偏相關(guān)分析用于分析IELT和NIH-CPSI評(píng)分的相關(guān)性。以P<0.05作為差異具有顯著性的判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
一、人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)特點(diǎn)
早泄組和無早泄組患者的平均年齡分別為(35.66±10.42)歲和(36.46±9.27)歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)分別為(25.47±3.92)kg/m2和(25.35±2.84)kg/m2,兩組間無顯著性差異。此外月收入、學(xué)歷和職業(yè)等基本情況兩組間無顯著性差異。兩組具有可比性,早泄組及無早泄組的基本情況見表2。
表2 早泄組和無早泄組患者一般情況的比較
二、早泄組和無早泄組的IELT和NIH-CPSI評(píng)分的結(jié)果比較
早泄組和無早泄組的IELT和NIH-CPSI的結(jié)果具有顯著性差異,早泄組患者的IELT為(2.01±1.08)min,而無早泄組為(3.21±1.69)min。早泄組患者的IELT的分布為<1min約46.81%(227/485),1~2min占22.06% (107/485),>2min占31.13%(151/485);而無早泄組的IELT的分布為<1min約10.98%(41/372),~2min占56.83%(211/372),>2min占32.19% (120/372)。此外,早泄組患者的NIH-CPSI的總分值及各分項(xiàng)的分值顯著高于無早泄組患者,見表3。
三、不同類型早泄患者的IELTIELT和NIH-CPSI-CPSI評(píng)分的結(jié)果比較
在早泄組中,不同類型早泄患者的IELT和NIHCPSI評(píng)分結(jié)果也有顯著性差異。其中LPE組患者的IELT時(shí)間最短,為(1.38±0.72)min,而PLED組的平均IELT為(3.07±1.12)min。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),APE組NIH-CPSI評(píng)分在15~30分和31~43分的得分區(qū)間的比率顯著高于其他3組,分別占42.61%,10.44%,差異具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見表3。
四、IELTIELT和NIH-CPSI-CPSI評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析
通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),早泄患者的IELT和NIH-CPSI評(píng)分之間具有相關(guān)性。在校正年齡的影響后,早泄患者IELT與NIH-CPSI的總分及各分項(xiàng)值呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,IELT 與NIH-CPSI總分(adjusted r =-0.56, P<0.001),IELT與疼痛癥狀評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.59, P<0.001),IELT與排尿癥狀評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.55, P<0.001),IELT與生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.57, P<0.001)。此外,不同類型早泄組的IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分也呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(P均<0.001)。其中,APE組IELT與NIHCPSI的總分及各分項(xiàng)值呈負(fù)相關(guān)性的關(guān)系最強(qiáng),IELT與NIH-CPSI總分(adjusted r =-0.67, P<0.001),IELT與疼痛癥狀評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.71, P<0.001),IELT與排尿癥狀評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.69, P<0.001),IELT與生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(adjusted r =-0.63, P<0.001),見表4。
表3 早泄組和自述無早泄組患者的IELTIELT和NIH-CPSI-CPSI評(píng)分結(jié)果比較
表4 早泄組IELTIELT與NIH-CPSI-CPSI評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析
作為一種多因素參與的疾病,新的早泄分類更好地闡述了早泄發(fā)病的病因、病理生理及流行病學(xué)[12]。我們的前期研究[5, 13, 14]依據(jù)早泄的4種分類,調(diào)查了早泄發(fā)病的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素。研究認(rèn)為早泄患者,尤其是獲得性早泄患者,往往伴有不同程度的慢性前列腺炎癥狀。本研究探討IELT和NIH-CPSI評(píng)分,從另一個(gè)角度揭示了早泄與前列腺癥狀的相關(guān)性。
本研究結(jié)果顯示門診早泄患者中LPE所占的比例最高(35.67%),其次分別為APE(29.07%),PLED(23.92%),NVPE(11.34%)。相比于對(duì)照組,早泄組患者的IELT時(shí)間更短,NIH-CPSI評(píng)分(包括疼痛評(píng)分、排尿評(píng)分和生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分)更高。此外,APE組報(bào)道的在NIH-CPSI評(píng)分15~30和 31~43區(qū)間的比例高于其他早泄類型。通過偏相關(guān)分析,早泄患者的IELT和NIH-CPSI總分及各分項(xiàng)值呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。
梁朝朝等[15]主持的一項(xiàng)涉及15 000名受試者的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,在51~60歲的年齡段,64.07%的前列腺炎樣癥狀的患者自述有早泄,另外早泄患者相比于無早泄患者NIH-CPSI的評(píng)分更高(37.2±4.6 vs. 18.2± 5.6),在該項(xiàng)調(diào)查中,早泄和慢性前列腺炎癥狀具有顯著的相關(guān)性,因此他們推測(cè)慢性前列腺炎可能是早泄的一個(gè)發(fā)病因素。本研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)果顯示早泄組患者在NIH-CPSI的總分及各分項(xiàng)值都顯著高于自述無早泄組,而APE組NIH-CPSI的評(píng)分高于其他三種類型早泄。
一項(xiàng)來自Trinchieri等[16]的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示射精障礙(如射精痛、早泄)的發(fā)生率與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分中的疼痛評(píng)分和生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分相關(guān),而與排尿癥狀評(píng)分無關(guān)。此外,相關(guān)研究[17, 18]報(bào)道早泄是CP/CPPS患者中發(fā)病率最高的性功能障礙疾病,在本研究中,同樣也觀察到IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分的相關(guān)性。早泄患者的IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,IELT與疼痛癥狀評(píng)分相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)。在不同類型早泄組中,APE組IELT 與NIH-CPSI的總分及各分項(xiàng)值呈負(fù)相關(guān)性的關(guān)系最強(qiáng)烈,我們推測(cè)APE的發(fā)病可能與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分的結(jié)果相關(guān),本研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了以往研究的相關(guān)報(bào)道,即慢性前列腺炎在APE中更為常見。
此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NIH-CPSI評(píng)分與NVPE組和PLED組也具有相關(guān)性。既往研究報(bào)道精神心理因素影響著早泄病程的進(jìn)展[19, 20],消極的情緒可能誘發(fā)早泄,甚至加重早泄病程的進(jìn)展[14, 21]。我們推測(cè)NVPE和PLED的病因可能與前列炎癥狀引起的消極情緒有關(guān)。因此,用于主觀評(píng)價(jià)前列腺疾病的量表,即NIH-CPSI評(píng)分,在早泄的診斷和治療中不應(yīng)被忽略。
本研究也存在幾項(xiàng)不足:第一,調(diào)查內(nèi)容涉及患者的敏感信息,受試者由于回避心理,可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)的偏倚;第二,調(diào)查對(duì)象來自門診及體檢中心,將來可能進(jìn)一步做社區(qū)調(diào)查以提高結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
綜上所述,早泄患者的NIH-CPSI評(píng)分顯著高于自述無早泄組,早泄患者的IELT與NIH-CPSI評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,APE組的IELT與NIH-CPSI總分及各分項(xiàng)得分的負(fù)相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)。NIH-CPSI評(píng)分量表在早泄的診斷和治療中應(yīng)得到進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)和使用。
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北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)?醫(yī)學(xué)版 2013; 45(4): 609-612
(2014-11-10收稿)
**通訊作者, E-mail: xiansheng-zhang@163.com
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0848.2015.02.006
中圖分類號(hào)R 698.1
*基金項(xiàng)目資助: 衛(wèi)生部國家臨床重點(diǎn)??平ㄔO(shè)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2100299)
Relationships between intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and national institutes of health-chronic prostatitis symptom index in the four types of premature ejaculation*
Xu Chuan, Zhang Xiansheng**, Gao Jingjing, Tang Dongdong, Yang Jiajia,
Shi Kai, Gao Pan, Huang Yuanyuan, Hao Zongyao, Zhou Jun, Liang Chaozhao
Department of Urology, the First Affi liated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
Corresponding author: Zhang Xiansheng, E-mail: xiansheng-zhang@163.com
AbstractObjective To analyze the relationships between intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and national institutes of health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) in the four types of premature ejaculation (PE); Methodsthods From February 2013 to May 2014, a cross-section survey was carried out in 485 patients with PE and an cohort of 372 agematched healthy men who were fromthe andrology outpatient clinic and health examination center,respectively. Subjects were required to complete a questionnaire, including demographic information, medical and sexual history (e.g., IELT), and self-estimated scales (e.g., NIH-CPSI). Resultssults Patients with PE had worse NIH-CPSI scores and lower IELT as compared with that of healthy men without PE (P<0.001 for all). Moreover, total and subdomain scores of NIH-CPSI were higher in men with APE, and IELT was higher in men with PLED. IELT was negatively associated with NIH-CPSI scores in men with complaints of PE. Negative relationships between total and subdomain scores of NIH-CPSI and IELT were stronger in men with APE (total scores: adjusted r = -0.67, P<0.001; pain symptoms: adjusted r = -0.71, P<0.001; urinary symptoms: adjustedr = -0.69, P<0.001; quality of life impact: adjusted r = -0.63, P < 0.001). Conclusionusion Men with complaints of PE had worse NIH-CPSI scores compared with men without complaints of PE. IELT was negatively associated with NIH-CPSI scores in men with complaints of PE. Relationships between IELT and NIH-CPSI scores were strongest in men with APE.
Key wordsords premature ejaculation; prostatitis symptom index