張靜
(廈門海洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院工商系福建廈門361001)
中國商務(wù)會展英語新聞類型與框架分析
張靜
(廈門海洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院工商系福建廈門361001)
商務(wù)英語新聞按照不同的主題分類有著各不相同的行文框架。將某一類新聞的框架總結(jié)出來并配以相關(guān)表達法將有助于透徹理解、掌握特定類型新聞的行文規(guī)律與背景。本文主要分析總結(jié)會展類商務(wù)英語新聞的框架,在框架建構(gòu)理論和定量定性的數(shù)據(jù)分析法基礎(chǔ)上,內(nèi)容涉及四個維度:商務(wù)會展英語新聞標(biāo)題的擬定風(fēng)格、用語基調(diào)、行文框架、國內(nèi)主要展會類型。
商務(wù)會展;英語新聞;框架分析
商務(wù)英語新聞具有多重分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中一種分類是按照新聞主題來劃分。本文在框架建構(gòu)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,通過定量和定性數(shù)據(jù)分析法,分析比較多達幾百篇以上不同時期不同主題的商務(wù)會展類新聞,初步總結(jié)出會展新聞的標(biāo)題擬定風(fēng)格、用語特點和基調(diào)、國內(nèi)主要展會類型、較為通用的行文框架。本文對商務(wù)會展主題的定義并非只是狹義的貿(mào)易會展而是廣義的與商業(yè)世界有關(guān)聯(lián)的所有會展。
“框架”(frame)概念首先由人類學(xué)家Bateson提出,定義是“期待( expectations)”,即“說話人對參與交際的語境和交際活動都表現(xiàn)出期待”。[1]根據(jù)學(xué)者Reid的理論,讀者對文本的結(jié)構(gòu)、句子長度、內(nèi)容梗概、與文本相關(guān)的圖表、標(biāo)題與副標(biāo)題等都有期待,閱讀中讀者對文本的反應(yīng)折射出他們對世界知識的認(rèn)知框架以及對文本的興趣程度。所以要提高閱讀、寫作、傳播英語新聞的效率,亟需對各類主題的商務(wù)英語新聞進行分類框架建構(gòu)。新聞框架包含新聞的核心思想、風(fēng)格和行文規(guī)律,而其形成是文本客觀內(nèi)容、媒體意圖、信息源、受眾、社會政治文化背景等多元素交融的結(jié)果。
本論文采取新聞傳播研究領(lǐng)域常用的一種研究方法即對文本內(nèi)容定量、定性分析。所采納的英語新聞研究素材多取自Chinadaily。
(1)中國近些年提倡反腐和節(jié)儉,會展新聞在用語中就反應(yīng)出這種政治傾向,大量出現(xiàn)thrift,frugality,save等關(guān)鍵詞,這體現(xiàn)了Chinadaily作為國家級媒體的政治立場。例如:新聞CIFIT waltzes to an end[2]中的摘要如下:Thisyear's fair has followed the central government's"Eight-point Rules"and has stuck to a principle of thrift and a spirit of frugality,pragmatism,less administration,and less formality compared to last year.
采用定量定性分析的方法,分別以thrift和exhibition為關(guān)鍵詞以及用frugality和exhibition為關(guān)鍵詞,在Chinadaily中搜索,按照新舊度排行,制作出下列表格:
表格一
從表格一中可以看出2012年之后出現(xiàn)thrift和frugality的商務(wù)會展類英語新聞分別占據(jù)了總數(shù)的86.7%和92.3%,清晰地反應(yīng)出“反腐和節(jié)儉”的政治主線貫穿于近年官方媒體報導(dǎo)中。
(2)隨網(wǎng)絡(luò)的日益普及,商務(wù)會展類新聞大量出現(xiàn)internet,website, online,Alibaba等。
表格二
從表格二可以看出:onlinewebsiteAlibaba等英文詞匯在商務(wù)會展英語新聞中高頻出現(xiàn),側(cè)映出網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及與電商興盛,以及二者與商務(wù)會展的緊密融合。會展英語新聞是時代科技與現(xiàn)代主流商務(wù)模式的一個媒介展示平臺。
(3)會展新聞中大量涌現(xiàn)汽車博覽會新聞,出現(xiàn)頻率高且所涉地域分布廣。
(4)如果將新聞架構(gòu)與政府意圖契合度作比對,進行共時性分析,即依據(jù)契合度強弱,從新聞構(gòu)架要素——標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語、正文、圖片(含圖表)等分析,新聞可分為積極性、消極性、中性三類。報導(dǎo)展會情況的新聞鮮有消極性的,以積極和中性為主流風(fēng)格。一般都符合政府意圖、順應(yīng)政府口徑、有利于贏得公眾輿論;而那些偏離政府意圖、逾越政府口徑的會展類英語新聞則幾乎見不到。中性要素包含兩類,一類是沒有明顯積極或消極色彩的純動態(tài)一手信息播報,另一類是持中立立場,平衡報道正反兩種態(tài)度的信息。
近年由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺的沖擊,展會的成交情況普遍堪憂,對于那些弱政府背景的展會,新聞會采用更直白尖刻的報道方式,所用表達方式包括:a slump marked by high inventory and closing stores或Belle says sluggish economy is to bring 2-year profit squeeze.但是作為政府的一個對外窗口,Chinadaily通常更委婉地報導(dǎo)日漸式微的具有政府背景的展會,采用的英文表達往往包括:Transactions and the number of buyers at thecountry's largesttrade event declined amid weak demand from traditional and emerging markets或Exporters lower sights for sales at Canton Fair as woes persist.Weak demand,higher production costs cast shadow on manufacturers.Lower overseas demand will likely continue to exert pressure on Chinese exporters in the months ahead,as exhibitors met fewer potential buyers on Wednesday at the opening of the nation's largest and most famous trade fair.[3]
另外展會體現(xiàn)政府意圖還體現(xiàn)在展會報導(dǎo)強調(diào)臺海經(jīng)濟關(guān)系。
Chinadaily的會展新聞標(biāo)題擬定風(fēng)格主要有兩種:平敘式整句結(jié)構(gòu)類型和名詞短語eg.91st China Food and Drinks Fair wraps up,F(xiàn)ood procurement fair a big hit.這與我國媒體的報導(dǎo)基調(diào)通常追求端莊穩(wěn)重有關(guān)。這與華爾街日報的標(biāo)題風(fēng)格差異性較大,其通常為了博眼球都會采用比較生動,更多修辭色彩的標(biāo)題。[4]
(1)主辦方消息源:包括各級政府、各民間機構(gòu)以及相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人等。
(2)受眾或展會參觀人員消息源:該種信息源旨在從普通人的側(cè)面視角展示某展會的評價情況。
(3)展會相關(guān)人士消息源:包括業(yè)內(nèi)人士、不愿透露姓名的人士、參展商等,此類消息源具有提供者身份的模糊性,即采用隱匿真實身份的方式來援引觀點。
(4)學(xué)者、專家、名人消息源。
(5)其他:包括消息來源不明確或沒有消息來源。如采用“據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報導(dǎo)”的表述It’s said that,It’s reported that。
近年國內(nèi)展會呈現(xiàn)百花齊放的盛景。會展類英語新聞除了延續(xù)一些傳統(tǒng)類展會外,還出現(xiàn)許多順應(yīng)時代潮流的新興主題。[5]下文將盤點一些展會類型及其主題思想。如果要對各類會展新聞做梳理的話,還需要整理出這些要素:例如Target Exhibitors,Exhibition Contents, Sponsor,Co-sponsors,Organizer,Implementer等,但由于篇幅原因無法贅述。
Name of ExpoHighlightTheme and tips 1Haixi Automobile Expo (Xiamen)海西汽博會low-carbon theme of" creativity, innovation and wealth" the western China (Chongqing)cultural wealth forum,education forum,intangible heritage forum and wealth and wisdom women forum Meet the top wine experts,learn about the markets and witness new consumer trends 22014Chongqing Culture Industry Expo重慶文博會a tea enterprises pavilion, a tea package design pavilion,a tea set pavilion,a Taiwan pavilion and an international pavilion. taste and select wines you are looking for 4 tea culture corridor China(Xiamen) International Tea Industry Fair中國國際茶博會5 cross-Strait(Xiamen) culture industry fair (CCCIF) Cross-Strait cultural fair海峽兩岸文化博覽會Apart from conventional cars,the expo is also exhibiting housecars, planes and yachts to cater for high net worth individuals outstanding art pieces and handicrafts,creative designs,digital works, and cultural tourism highlights cross-Straits cooperation The 14th China(Xiamen) Intl Stone Fair&3rd China (Xiamen)Intl Stone Machinery Fair中國國際石材和機械博覽會all kinds of stone materials and products including granite and marble;stone mining machinery,stone processing machines and auxiliary materials, chemical protective materials,and monitoring devices 3Xiamen Fine Wine Show 2014廈門紅酒展7CIFIT:China International Fair for Investment and Trade廈門九八貿(mào)洽會6 Time span 2014 1211 -13 2014 1015 -19 2014 0306 -9, 2014 0627 8Canton Fair廣交會a barometer of China's trade trends2014 1107 promote the development of China's food industry as well as expand international cooperation. include goods from the 9Shanghai China International Food Expo上海食品博覽會whole food chain2014 1114 grains and oils,vegetables and fruits,drinks,poultry and forest products. 1 0 2014 1106 China Green Food Exposition中國綠色食品博覽會the theme" Green ecology, green production, green consumers", organic produce 1 1柳州奇石展stone trading markets2014 1112 12Rare Stone Festival (Liuzhou) International Kite Festival(Xiamen)國際風(fēng)箏節(jié)included a beach carnival,circus performances and a kite photographer competition 2014 0918 -21 2014 1024 -27 2014 1108 -09
1 3 the 16th Ani-Com and Games exhibition (HongKong)香港動漫展the future development of the mining sector, industrial policy and the financial capital markets. Domestic and overseas investment opportunities, new technologies,new equipment,sustainable development of the mining sector,safety and environmental protection were also discussed. 2014 1021 1 4 The 2014 China Mining Congress and Expo (Tianjin)天津礦產(chǎn)博覽會The event, themed" new energy, new town and new life " 1 5 solar photovoltaic products,solar-thermal products,energy-saving architectures,new energy vehicles,energy storage equipment and intelligent power grids. the sixth Chinese Renewable Energy Conference and Exhibition (wuxi)中國可再生能源博覽會2014 1106 -08 The 16th China International Industry Fair (CIIF)(Shanghai)中國國際工業(yè)博覽會2014 1104 -08 1 6 showcase their latest products and intelligent equipment as well as the new eco-friendly industry trends. a feast of seafood2014 1023 -26 1 7 The 2014 Fuzhou International Fisheries Expo 2014(FIFE)國際漁業(yè)博覽會boost the rapid development of the medical device industry 1 8 2014 1023 -26 the 72nd China International Medical Equipment Fair(autumn session)and 19th China International Component Manufacturing&Design Show(autumn session) (Chongqing)第七十二屆中國國際醫(yī)療器械博覽會(秋季)和第十九屆中國國際零部件制造和設(shè)計展(秋季)artworks,creative designs, digital works and cultural tourism 192014 1027 2 0A Taiwan film exhibition臺灣電影展cutting-edge art direction and technologies2014 1027 7th Cross-Straits(Xiamen) Culture Industry expo海峽兩岸文博會2 1 2014 0930 -1003 2 2 2014 China-Eurasia General Aviation Expo( Karamay) 2014中國-亞歐通用航空技術(shù)博覽會serves to showcase of the achievements and upcoming trends in China's ocean economy and a platform to build cooperation between China and the rest of the world in ocean industries five-day festival of games,comics,animation and cosplay airplanes including unmanned aircraft, helicopters and mysterious craft turning the country into a marine power and works towards the strategy of the 21st century maritime Silk Road China Ocean Economy Expo(Zhanjiang)中國海洋經(jīng)濟博覽會2014 1203 2014 0726 23China Water Expo(Beijing)中國水資源博覽會water resources,water ecology and environmental equipment, water purification and flood control 2014 1201
2 4 China Food Style Expo (Suzhou)中國風(fēng)味美食博覽會、(蘇州)2014 1219 -22 themed on" Food in China& Delicacies in the World"
除了傳統(tǒng)知名的廣交會canton fair、廈門國際貿(mào)易投資洽談會CIFIT等,近年展會還出現(xiàn)了很多新興主題,例如:臺交會、石材博覽會、機械博覽會、各類車展、各類茶博會、文化博覽會、高科技電子產(chǎn)品展、動漫展、佛教用品展、各種美食和食材展、書博會、服裝展、鞋展、風(fēng)箏展、綠色和可再生能源展、時尚展、奇石展、花博會等。[6]以會展英語新聞為媒介,中國向世界展示出軟實力,呈現(xiàn)一個科技、經(jīng)濟、文化全面興盛,百家爭鳴的中國。
展會的舉辦日期、參展者、主辦地簡介和配套設(shè)施介紹及展會宗旨目的、展品分類、布展情況、展地介紹、交易額數(shù)據(jù)的比較分析和預(yù)測、展會的規(guī)模和各方評價以及官網(wǎng)的情況等。[7]下面就上述九大類信息歸納出一個帶有模擬例句的行文框架,并整理出相關(guān)示范例句的中英文翻譯。
6.1 展會類新聞的框架結(jié)構(gòu)示例
(1)展會舉辦的日期:第十五屆中國國際投資貿(mào)易洽談會于九月七日在廈舉行;第十一屆廈門國際石材展于三月六日在廈門國際會展中心開幕;2010年中國國際茶博會于上周在廈開幕。
(2)展會的參展者:俄羅斯、印度和孟加拉國將首次籌備參展CIFIT;中國國際茶博會總計有221家公司參展,包括78家來自英國、印度和斯里蘭卡的公司。
(3)主辦地(配套設(shè)施)簡介:廈門國際會展中心第一、二期總占地230000平方米,第三期工程正在建設(shè)中,16年將投入運營。占地約340000平方米,屆時將成為中國最大的會展中心之一。宗旨目的:展示全中國投資吸引力成就,也將提供咨詢信息給潛在投資者。
(4)展會的展出品:中國國際投資貿(mào)易洽談會將展出全中國投資吸引力的成就;廈門國際石材展展出石頭建材;茶博會主要展品包括茶葉、茶具、包裝材料。
(5)布展情況:參展者爭分奪秒籌備展會,會展中心變成活動聚集地。
(6)展地、展區(qū)數(shù)以及總占地面積:中國國際投資貿(mào)易洽談會包含12個展區(qū)總面積為65000平方米;廈門國際石材展有5500個特色展位;茶博會在超過16000平方米的展區(qū)有700個特色陳列亭。
(7)交易額數(shù)據(jù)分類介紹:去年廈門記錄在案的進出口總額超過了30億美元,其中三分之一來自石材交易。
(8)展會的規(guī)模和評價:吳邦國將參加開幕式。中國國際投資貿(mào)易洽談會預(yù)計將吸引62個國家或地區(qū)的參觀者包括首次參展的俄羅斯、印度、孟加拉國;廈門國際石材展預(yù)計將吸引來自世界各地的120000參觀者。
(9)官網(wǎng)咨詢:欲知詳細(xì)信息請登入CIFIT官方網(wǎng)站www.chinafair. org.cn
6.2 對應(yīng)的會展新聞英語框架翻譯
(1)The Date:The opening ceremony of the 15th China International Fair for Investment&Trade(CIFIT)isset to open in Xiamen on September 7;On March6,the 11th Xiamen International Stone Fair kicked off at the Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center.
(2)Exhibitors:For the first time ever,Russia,India and Bengal will stage exhibitions at the fair.
A total of 221 companies attended the fair,including 78 from Great Britain,India and Sri Lanka.
(3)Brief introduction of the organizers,Host location and Aim:Brief introduction:The Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center is the main venue for the CIFIT.Its first and second phases have a collective gross floor area of 230000 square meters.The third phase of the facility,which is currently under construction,is expected to become operational before next year’s CIFIT.By then,the center will become one of the largest of its kind in China,boasting a gross floor area of 340000 square meters。Aim:Showcase the achievements of investment attraction all over China,it wil l also offer consulting information to potential investors.
(4)Showpiece:Showcase the achievements of investment attraction all over China.The Xiamen International Stone Fair will showcase stone construction materials.The major exhibits of Tea Fair including tea leaves ,tea sets and packaging material.
(5)Staging exhibits:The Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center turned into a hive of activity on the afternoon of Sept 5,as exhibitors were racing against the clock to stage their exhibits.
(6)The number of exhibition areas and a total of area covered:The imminent CIFIT will comprise 12 exhibition areas with a gross floor area of 65000square meters.The Xiamen International Stone Fair have featuring 5500 booths.The tea fair featured 700 booths in an exhibition of more than 16000 square meters.
(7)The sort introductionof transaction data:Xiamen recorded imports and exports in excess of3 billion US dollars last year,of which one third was attributed to the stone business.
(8)The scaleofexhibitionand Evaluation:WuBangguo will participate in the opening ceremony.The fair(CIFIT)is expected to attract visitor form 62 countries and regions,and for the first time over,Russia,India and Bengal will stage exhibitions at the fair.The fair(tea fair)is expected to attract 120000 visitors form all over the world.
(9)official website:For details,please visit the official website of CIFIT at www.chinafair.org.cn.
6.3 部分一些常用的會展新聞表達法摘要
(1)four session of Tea Fair連續(xù)4屆茶博會。
(2)accommodating容納。
(3)standard booth標(biāo)準(zhǔn)展臺。
(4)a tea set pavilion展示茶具的展館。
(5)leading edged exhibition領(lǐng)先的博覽會。
(6)sponsor贊助商。
(7)preside over the ceremony主持典禮。
(8)Canton fair廣交會。
(9)barometer晴雨表。
(10)BRICS(Brazil,Russia,India,China,SouthAfrica)countries金磚五國。
(11)ASIAN東南亞聯(lián)盟。
(12)US counterparts美國同行。
(13)bronze medal銅牌獲得者。
(14)HKSAR香港特別行政區(qū)。
(15)XICEC(Xiamen’s international conferenceand exhibition center)廈門國際會展中心
(16)exhibition venue展覽地點。
(17)themed zones主題區(qū)。
(18)Vendor供應(yīng)商。
(19)CIFIT中國貿(mào)易與投資洽談會。
(20)carnival嘉年華。
(21)showcase their products展示他們的產(chǎn)品。
(22)customized services定制服務(wù)。
(23)kick off=open開幕。
(24)upcoming trends即將來臨的趨勢。
(25)be renowned for以……而聞名。
上述會展類英語新聞框架特點和相關(guān)表達法的總結(jié)有助于高效地對會展類新聞進行聽說讀寫譯,有助于國內(nèi)外新聞受眾提高對會展新聞預(yù)期的準(zhǔn)確度。商務(wù)英語新聞涵蓋了物流、出版、能源、金融等主題分類,把盡可能多的分類框架集結(jié)起來,將呈現(xiàn)出一個比較完整的商務(wù)英語新聞主題框架鏈條。這種體系梳理對于商務(wù)英語新聞的學(xué)習(xí)者和相關(guān)從業(yè)人員有著較多實用性參考價值和較深遠意義。
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A certain type of Business English news has its unique news structure.Summarizing a particular type of news structure and phrases will be helpful to further understanding the special news style and background.This paper analyzes the structure of convention and exhibition news, which covers four aspects:style of news title,language tone,writing structure,main exhibition types.
Commerce Exhibition;English News;Structure Analysis
H315.9
A
2095-7327(2015)-08-0142-04
張靜(1979—),女,碩士學(xué)位,廈門海洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院工商系講師,研究方向為商務(wù)英語。