• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

      2016-01-10 12:15:40黃偉嘉劉玨
      漢語世界(The World of Chinese) 2016年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:國(guó)際公約劉玨梢頭

      黃偉嘉 劉玨

      Going on a date is no casual affair

      是花前月下的浪漫,也是共同遵守的協(xié)定,請(qǐng)慎重回答:約嗎?

      If you go around explaining to an average person over 40 what it means to be casually “seeing” someone, you might see their eyes dart open with the implicit implication that you are downright promiscuous. Three dates in without labeling your partner as “boyfriend/girlfriend” is considered, by many, to be kind of odd. Five dates later? They should have already met the parents and set the wedding date.

      The Chinese phrase for “date” is約會(huì)(yu8hu#), with the character 約having a less than casual original meaning. As a matter of fact, its exactly the opposite of casual. Like many other characters, 約is connected to “silk”, or絲, which you can see from the “silk” radical, 纟, on the left. In seal script, the silk radical appears as a bundle of tied silk treads. So, the original meaning for約is “to bind, to tie up”. Its right radical, 勺, was supposed to represent the characters pronunciation, but the sound changed over time.

      Later, 約developed more abstract meanings along these lines. 約束(yu8sh&) means “to keep within bounds; 制約(zh#yu8) means “to check, to restrict” as in 制約平衡(zh#yu8 p!ngh9ng) or “checks and balances”; and約 could also mean “l(fā)imit” as in 節(jié)約?(ji9yu8), or “to economize, to save”. For instance, a common sign in an environmental campaign is 節(jié)約用水?(ji9yu8 y7ngshu@), or “save water”.

      With 約, things often have a binding effect, from more serious international affairs such as international conventions ( 國(guó)際公約gu5j# g4ngyu8), treaties (條約ti1oyu8), and legal contracts (合約h9yu8)—to personal, quasi-religious contracts like an engagement, or marriage contract as in婚約(h$nyu8) .

      To honor an agreement is to 履約?(l)yu8). To break ones promise and violate the contract is 違約 (w9iyu8).

      約represents rules and regulations that are necessary for a group to function. A famous story in history gave rise to the term 約法三章(yu8f2 s`nzh`ng), or “agree on a three-point decree”. It was the great founder of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), Liu Bang (劉邦) who coined this term when he overthrew the previous ruler and became the conqueror of the old capital. He then declared a three-point decree to regulate his army and protect the civilians: murder is punished by death; causing harm is criminal activity; robbery is also criminal activity, and all will be punished accordingly. It may seem obvious today, but at the time and amidst the chaos, this simple decree won him enough public support to be the new emperor. Today, we often use this term to mean “l(fā)ay some ground rules”, for instance, 他們約法三章,婚后家務(wù)一律共同分擔(dān)。(T1men yu8f2 s`nzh`ng, h$nh7u ji`w&y!l_ g7ngt5ng f8nd`n. They made a basic agreement to share all house work after they get married.)

      Unwritten rules are 約定俗成?(yu8d#ng s%ch9ng), meaning “drawn from popular usage or common practice”. In the case of “great minds think alike”, we use the term 不約而同(b&yu8 9rt5ng).

      Because agreements involve previous arrangements, 約also took on the meaning of “to arrange, to make an appointment”, as in 預(yù)約?(y&yu8). On diplomatic occasions, to make an appointment to see someone is 約見?(yu8ji3n). The phrase約會(huì)?(yu8hu#) began as a universal phrase for any appointment to meet, but in our modern society it just means the romantic kind—a date.

      Failing to show up for a previous engagement is 失約?(sh~yu8) or 爽約?(shu2ngyu8), famously seen in an 11th-century poem describing unrequited love. It starts with the memory of a happy scene from the previous years Lanterns Festival when the couple went to the night market together: 月上柳梢頭,人約黃昏后。(Yu- sh3ng li^sh`ot5u, r9n yu8 hu1ngh$n h7u. We arranged to meet after dusk, when the moon rose over the willow trees.) But, the guy never showed up: 不見去年人, 淚濕春衫袖。(B% ji3n q&ni1n r9n, l-ish~ ch$nsh`n xi&. Tears soaked the sleeves of her spring dress in his absence.)

      Keen linguists might have noticed that約?also has an alternative meaning that seems totally unrelated to the above: “approximately, by estimation”, such as in 大約?(d3yu8) and 約莫?(yu8mo). Because its an estimation, 約can also mean “unclear, unobvious”, such as in 隱約?(y@nyu8, dim, vague).

      Mostly, 約?is something that brings people together under the same terms. As to the dating scene in China, though the power of tradition remains, the younger generation are actively redefining customs so that the concept of 約會(huì)?(yu8hu#) is a lot more隱約(y@nyu8).

      猜你喜歡
      國(guó)際公約劉玨梢頭
      春日偶題
      金沙江文藝(2024年6期)2024-06-27 02:55:19
      全球深海資源政策的發(fā)展走向與中國(guó)路徑:《BBNJ協(xié)定》視角
      MUST-SEE MOVIES AND SERIES
      漢語世界(2020年6期)2020-12-06 04:06:36
      A FIRST FAREWELL
      漢語世界(2020年5期)2020-10-23 07:20:36
      MUST-SEE MOVIES AND SERIES
      漢語世界(2020年3期)2020-06-19 08:51:54
      秋夜吟
      MUST-SEE MOVIES AND SERIES
      漢語世界(2020年2期)2020-04-29 09:53:56
      中國(guó)加入《1992年設(shè)立國(guó)際油污損害賠償基金國(guó)際公約》的前景分析
      豆蔻梢頭二月初
      國(guó)際人權(quán)法中的準(zhǔn)司法程序與中國(guó)——以《經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利國(guó)際公約任擇議定書》為例
      靖宇县| 绥德县| 闽清县| 夏津县| 社旗县| 鸡泽县| 潮安县| 全椒县| 抚顺市| 昌宁县| 凉城县| 丰都县| 固阳县| 平乐县| 东乡| 乐至县| 新营市| 福清市| 务川| 正镶白旗| 明溪县| 双桥区| 西平县| 繁昌县| 茂名市| 成都市| 五指山市| 西和县| 米泉市| 阿图什市| 广西| 荥阳市| 封丘县| 平湖市| 安图县| 赤城县| 仁寿县| 修武县| 昆山市| 循化| 潜山县|