Sengrwee Sutthiprinynont

aFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen 40002,Thailand

bSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Phayao,Phayao 56000,Thailand

Evaluation of alcoholic alkaline treated rice starch as a binder

Padungkwan Chitropasa,*,Yanisa Boonwatcharapana, Saengrawee Sutthiparinyanontb

aFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen 40002,Thailand

bSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Phayao,Phayao 56000,Thailand

A R T I C L E I N F O

Article history:

Available online 25 November 2015

Rice starch

Alcoholic alkaline treated

Binder

The tablet is one of widely used dosage forms for oral route of administration because of convenience of use and short onset of action.Binder is a substance used to bond powder together during the production of a tablet.Several compounds have been reported for use as binders including starch,cellulose,povidone and their derivatives[1].Starch from rice grain which is safe and abundant by-product of Thailand agriculture must be heated to prepare binding liquid.Starch treated with alcoholic-alkaline method increased solubility,viscosity and swelling capacity in water at room temperature[2,3].Thus, the modifed starch was possible to use as binder in a tablet prepared by wet granulation method.

To evaluate the possibility of using alcoholic alkaline treated rice starch(ARS)as a binder in wet granulation tablet and to compare with polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)(well known as binder),ARS was prepared by dispersing rice starch(RS)in 50%w/w ethanol.Sodium hydroxide(3M)was added into the dispersion and citric acid was used as a neutralizing agent.Morphology,thermal properties,swelling capacity and solubility of RS and ARS were evaluated.Tablets consisted of corn starch (low compressibility fller),ARS or PVP(binder)and 2%w/w magnesium stearate(lubricant).The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method by a tableting machine with 10 mm diameter fat face punch at 100 kgf/cm2.Hardness,friability and disintegration time of the tablet were evaluated.HFR/DT index was also calculated.The granule of RS showed polygonal shape whereas the starch granules of ARS were disrupted by modifcation process(Fig.1A).The DSC thermograms of RS showed peak of gelatinization at 75.45°C.The gelatinization endotherm of ARS in the range of 30–100°C did not appear because of changing of internal structure of starch granule after being treated by alcoholic-alkaline treatment(Fig.1B).The swelling capacities of RS and ARS in water were not detectable and 4.67±0.16 times,respectively.The solubility of RS and ARS in water were not detectable and 20.30±1.54%,respectively.Friability of tablets using 3 and 5%w/w of binder was not exceeding 0.5%.By increasing the concentration of binder,the hardness of the tablet was increased because of bonding property(Fig.1C).By increasing the concentration of binder, disintegration time of the tablet using PVP was increased whereas disintegration time of the tablet using ARS was not increased(Fig.1D).It might be explained that ARS had a swelling property.For HFR/DT index,the value of tablets using 3 and 5%w/w of ARS was higher than those of PVP.It can be concluded that ARS was possible to be used as a binder in wet granulation tablet.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand,Offce of the Higher Education Commission, through the Food and Functional Food Research Cluster of Khon Kaen University(Grant no.3.1.10 MS),Graduated School Khon Kaen University,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Khon Kaen University(Grant no.NRU541054).

R E F E R E N C E S

[1]Lieberman HA,Lachman L,editors.Pharmaceutical dosage forms:tablets volume 1.New York:Marcel Dekker;1980.

[2]Chen J,Jane J.Properties of granular cold-water-soluble starches prepared by alcoholic-alkaline treatments.Cereal Chem 1994;71(6):623–626.

[3]Kaur B,Fazilah A,Kalim AA.Alcoholic-alkaline treatment of sago starch and its effect on physicochemical properties. Food Bioprod Process 2010;1–9.

*E-mail address:padchi@kku.ac.th.

Peer review under responsibility of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2015.11.035

1818-0876/?2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).