●林丹楓

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任光：從越鄉(xiāng)走出的“民族的號(hào)手”

●林丹楓

任光—民族的號(hào)手Ren Guang, a composer who was honored as the bugler of the nation after he died in action in 1940.

“云兒飄在?？?，魚(yú)兒藏在水中……”優(yōu)美的旋律，真切的情感，在革命年代風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的《漁光曲》把人們帶回到那崢嶸的歲月，緬懷這首歌曲的作者任光。

在越劇之鄉(xiāng)的音樂(lè)沃土中成長(zhǎng)

1900年，任光出生于越劇之鄉(xiāng)浙江省嵊縣（現(xiàn)嵊州市）城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)東前街。在他的孩提時(shí)代，嵊縣民間百姓的吹拉彈唱、民歌小調(diào)以及后來(lái)發(fā)展成越劇的“的篤班”已十分流行，濃厚的民間越音氛圍和鄉(xiāng)間先賢的影響，給了他最早的音樂(lè)熏陶。他入讀嵊縣中學(xué)時(shí)，已擅長(zhǎng)拉二胡、吹銅號(hào)、彈風(fēng)琴，被同學(xué)們稱為“小音樂(lè)家”。

家鄉(xiāng)的山水，故鄉(xiāng)的越音，影響了任光的一生，在他以后的作品里留下了明顯的印記。

任光先后就讀于上海震旦大學(xué)、法國(guó)里昂音樂(lè)學(xué)院。1928年，任光辭別不愿來(lái)中國(guó)的法籍妻子回到上海，在百代唱片公司工作。不久，他結(jié)識(shí)了田漢、聶耳、冼星海、夏衍、蔡楚生等左翼文化人士，并參加了共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的“左翼劇聯(lián)音樂(lè)小組”、“蘇聯(lián)之友社音樂(lè)小組”等進(jìn)步組織?？谷諔?zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后，任光在法國(guó)、新加坡、菲律賓等國(guó)家為飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)傷的中國(guó)人民舉辦募款義演，發(fā)出了海外抗日救亡的先聲。

革命的火炬點(diǎn)燃了他的創(chuàng)作熱情，他在戰(zhàn)斗中創(chuàng)作的一首首革命歌曲，鼓舞了千百萬(wàn)群眾和抗日戰(zhàn)士。

1941年皖南事變中，任光不幸被流彈擊中犧牲。

任光與聶耳及《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》

任光與聶耳初次相識(shí)是在1932年，那時(shí)聶耳還在一個(gè)合唱團(tuán)里吹小號(hào)。任光憑著極其敏感的辨音能力，發(fā)現(xiàn)了聶耳的音樂(lè)才能，遂通過(guò)他人介紹，將聶耳吸納到上海百代唱片公司音樂(lè)部，幫助自己從事收音、抄譜、作曲和教唱歌曲等工作，并且在不久聶耳即升任為音樂(lè)部的副主任，成了自己的得力助手。因任光畢業(yè)于法國(guó)著名的里昂音樂(lè)學(xué)院，專修音樂(lè)理論和鋼琴?gòu)椬?，是一位造詣很深的音?lè)家，聶耳非常尊重和敬佩任光，他們一起共事，真誠(chéng)地相互幫助、交往合作，建立了很深的友誼。聶耳深深地感激任光的知遇之恩，虛心向任光學(xué)習(xí)，并一直尊稱任光為“我們的導(dǎo)師”。

人們都知道雄壯激昂的國(guó)歌《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》是由田漢作詞、聶耳譜曲的，卻很少有人知道任光在《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》誕生、傳播中的重要貢獻(xiàn)。

任光是首版《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》唱片灌制人。1935年5月9日，任光組織了上海電通電影公司的盛家倫、司徒慧敏、鄭君里、金山、袁牧之、顧夢(mèng)鶴、施超7個(gè)演員唱《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》（即《風(fēng)云兒女》電影主題歌），第一次在百代唱片公司錄音棚內(nèi)錄下這首版《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》，并灌制了唱片。隨后，他又將這唱片的錄音轉(zhuǎn)錄到電影《風(fēng)云兒女》的膠片中去。這是全球第一張《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》的唱片，編號(hào)為34848b，現(xiàn)保存在上海國(guó)歌紀(jì)念館中。這版唱片很快發(fā)向全國(guó)，《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》迅速在長(zhǎng)城內(nèi)外、大江南北廣為傳播，成為一首激情燃燒、影響最廣的抗日名曲。第一次灌制的唱片很快銷售一空，后來(lái)任光又連續(xù)灌制了兩次。據(jù)許多老同志回憶，那時(shí)的《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》是一首戰(zhàn)斗進(jìn)行曲、游行集會(huì)的合唱曲，有力地推動(dòng)了中華民族抗日救亡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

任光也是把《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》介紹到國(guó)外的第一人。1937年7月任光在法國(guó)進(jìn)修期間，擔(dān)任了法國(guó)左翼文化組織“民眾文化協(xié)會(huì)”委員，他組織了巴黎華僑合唱團(tuán)，首次教唱《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》，并多次在法國(guó)為救濟(jì)國(guó)內(nèi)難民舉行募捐公演。1938年春季，在有42個(gè)國(guó)家代表參加的反法西斯侵略大會(huì)上，他指揮華僑合唱《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》等抗日歌曲，一些國(guó)家代表聽(tīng)了這些抗日歌曲后贊揚(yáng)說(shuō)：“中國(guó)現(xiàn)代歌聲中蘊(yùn)藏著無(wú)限希望?！?/p>

左圖 從越劇之鄉(xiāng)走出的任光；右圖 任光1911年就讀的嵊縣中學(xué)堂校舍。Ren Guang was from Shengxian, the birthplace of Yueju Opera in eastern Zhejiang. In the right is the middle school Ren Guang went to in 1911 in Shengxian.

人民音樂(lè)出版社出版的《任光歌曲選》A Selection of Songs by Ren Guang, published by Shanghai Music Press

1939年5月，任光離開(kāi)重慶赴新加坡，在新加坡舉辦民眾歌詠訓(xùn)練班，傳播《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》等抗戰(zhàn)歌曲，并組建了華人革命音樂(lè)組織“銅鑼合唱團(tuán)”。該團(tuán)多次登臺(tái)演唱《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》，致力于喚起新加坡、馬來(lái)西亞、菲律賓等地海外華僑的抗日熱情?！读x勇軍進(jìn)行曲》在當(dāng)時(shí)華人中已成為大家最熟悉、最富號(hào)召力的歌曲，推動(dòng)了海外華僑支援國(guó)內(nèi)抗日的愛(ài)國(guó)熱潮。任光所作的《中國(guó)進(jìn)行曲》被輯入《世界革命歌曲選》。

唱響抗日救亡的最強(qiáng)音

任光從法國(guó)回國(guó)后，即到重慶育才學(xué)校音樂(lè)組任教，他除了教鋼琴、教唱歌等，還組織了教師合唱團(tuán)，排練的第一個(gè)作品就是《黃河大合唱》。每晚在暗淡的桐油燈下，他親自刻印蠟板，指揮排練唱歌，“風(fēng)在吼，馬在叫，黃河在咆哮”的歌聲震蕩著山城。

1940年7月，由周恩來(lái)親自批準(zhǔn)，任光加入新四軍。因葉挺軍長(zhǎng)的熱情邀請(qǐng)，任光來(lái)到安徽省涇縣云嶺新四軍軍部，被分配在戰(zhàn)地文化服務(wù)處負(fù)責(zé)音樂(lè)工作。在新四軍中，任光除繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作新歌曲外，一個(gè)重要工作就是教唱《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》。

任光在皖南云嶺新四軍軍部很受歡迎，戰(zhàn)士們親昵地稱他為“王老五”。他與戰(zhàn)士打成一片，很快就創(chuàng)作出一批歌曲，成功地轉(zhuǎn)型為軍旅音樂(lè)家。任光穿上軍裝，白天下連隊(duì)體驗(yàn)生活、教唱歌曲，晚上則專心創(chuàng)作，寫(xiě)出了反映連隊(duì)生活的《擦槍歌》等歌曲，深受指戰(zhàn)員喜愛(ài)。不久，他譜寫(xiě)的《別了，皖南》在部隊(duì)唱響了，成了新四軍東進(jìn)的進(jìn)行曲，這也是他流傳下來(lái)的最后一首佳作?！读x勇軍進(jìn)行曲》《大刀進(jìn)行曲》《新四軍東進(jìn)曲》《打回老家去》等都成為全軍將士“冒著敵人的炮火前進(jìn)”的戰(zhàn)斗動(dòng)員令。

“皖南事變”爆發(fā)，任光在槍林彈雨中犧牲，年僅40歲。他的妻子徐韌被俘后也慘遭殺害。而這時(shí)候，他的《漁光曲》已成為延安新華廣播電臺(tái)最早采用的序曲。

動(dòng)人的旋律回響在中華大地

任光犧牲后，《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》發(fā)表悼念文章，譽(yù)其為“民族的號(hào)手”。他一生創(chuàng)作了上百首作品，成名作是電影《漁光曲》的主題歌?！稘O光曲》由王人美主演并主唱。1934年6月，電影《漁光曲》在上海放映，連續(xù)上映84天座無(wú)虛席，創(chuàng)上海電影放映場(chǎng)次的最高紀(jì)錄，主題歌《漁光曲》以哀怨的旋律、優(yōu)美的抒情，傾倒了廣大觀眾，“潮水升，浪花涌，魚(yú)船兒飄飄各西東。輕撒網(wǎng)，緊拉繩，煙波里辛苦等魚(yú)蹤。魚(yú)兒難捕租稅重，捕魚(yú)人兒世世窮……”的歌聲響遍上海大街小巷。歌曲以越劇特有的委婉細(xì)膩的抒情風(fēng)格和凄婉的曲調(diào)，描繪了漁民沉重的勞動(dòng)和貧困的生活，很好地渲染和烘托了影片的主題。

1935年2月，《漁光曲》參加在蘇聯(lián)莫斯科舉辦的國(guó)際電影節(jié)，獲得“榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)”，成為中國(guó)第一部獲得世界榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)的影片。由于該片的成功，很快形成了電影要配上音樂(lè)才賣(mài)座的潮流，同時(shí)也奠定了任光在中國(guó)電影音樂(lè)史上的地位。

任光創(chuàng)作的《打回老家去》《抗敵歌》《大地行軍曲》《別了，皖南》等歌曲，以剛毅、雄健的曲調(diào)，表現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人民抗日救國(guó)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志。此外，他還有一類直接由民間音樂(lè)素材改編和創(chuàng)作的歌曲，如電影歌曲《新蓮花落》《新鳳陽(yáng)歌》《王老五》以及抗戰(zhàn)歌曲《高梁紅了》等，都富有生活氣息和鄉(xiāng)土風(fēng)味。這些不同風(fēng)格的歌曲，生動(dòng)地表現(xiàn)了人民大眾的感情，具有鮮明的時(shí)代感和民族風(fēng)格。

任光還作有歌劇《洪波曲》《彩云追月》等民族器樂(lè)合奏曲若干首。其歌曲作品已輯成《任光歌曲選》，1982年由人民音樂(lè)出版社出版。

任光（前排坐者）和《漁光曲》演創(chuàng)人員安娥、蔡楚生在一起Ren Guang sitting in the front and filmmakers of Song of the Fishermen

為紀(jì)念這位革命音樂(lè)家，1996年10月，浙江省電視制作中心、紹興有線廣播電視臺(tái)共同攝制六集電視劇《彩云追月》，用形象的電視形式把任光的一生記錄下來(lái)。

2011年1月，在任光犧牲70周年之際，由安徽省新四軍歷史研究會(huì)、浙江省新四軍歷史研究會(huì)等單位共同攝制的四集人物傳記片《民族的號(hào)手—任光》，在中央電視臺(tái)黃金時(shí)段播出，介紹任光在音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作、愛(ài)國(guó)抗敵中作出的貢獻(xiàn)。

民族的號(hào)手聲震云天，革命音樂(lè)家任光的樂(lè)曲永遠(yuǎn)回響在中華大地！

Ren Guang: National Musician from Zhejiang

By Lin Danfeng

Ren Guang (1900-1941) was a musician and songwriter from Zhejiang. He is best remembered for Song of the Fishermen, a soundtrack he composed for a film made in 1934 and is still heard nowadays. And he is widely considered a revolutionary composer as he joined the New Fourth Army which was under leadership of the Communist Party of China and fought Japanese invaders during World War II. He died in Wannan Incident in 1941.

He was born in the capital of Shengxian County (the present-day Shengzhou, a county-level city) in eastern Zhejiang Province where Yueju Opera originated and has evolved into a national genre. In his childhood years, music and theater were a strong tradition in Shengxian. He picked up a lot from local musicians. While he wasin middle school, he was known as a teenage musician as he was able to play a number of musical instruments.

He studied in Aurora University in Shanghai and Lyon University in France. In 1928 he came back to Shanghai and worked for EMI Music. He made friends with a group of left-wing artists such as Tian Han, Nie Er, Xian Xinghai, Xia Yan, Cai Chusheng. He joined a left-wing league of playwrights and musicians. After China’s resistance war against Japanese invasion started in 1931, he staged fund-raising music shows in France, Singapore and Manila in support of the Chinese resistance movement. He was the first to make such efforts through music overseas.

Ren Guang met Nie Er in 1932 in Shanghai where Nie Er was a trumpet player in a band. Ren Guang recognized Nie’s talent and hired him to work as his assistant at EMI Music. Under the guidance of Ren Guang, Nie Er soon blossomed as a composer. Nie considered Ren as his mentor.

Ren Guang was also the first record maker of March of the Volunteers, now the national anthem of China. It is widely known that Tian Han was the lyric writer and Nie Er set the lyrics to music, but it is little known that Ren Guang made the first record on May 9, 1935 in Shanghai. Seven filmmaking artists from Diantong Films sang the song in the EMI studio. Ren Guang then copied the song to the film of Children of Troubled Times. The original record featuring 34848b as its serial number is now in the collection of Shanghai National Anthem Museum. The record was issued nationwide and the song spread like fire.

Ren Guang was the first to introduce the song to overseas audiences. While taking an advanced music course in France in July 1937, Ren Guang joined a left-wing cultural organization in France and served as a member of a committee. He organized a singing group composed of overseas Chinese in Paris. He taught the chorus to sing March of the Volunteers and the chorus sang the song many times at fund-raising events. In the spring of 1938, the chorus under the baton of Ren Guang performed this march and other Chinese songs for the anti-fascism congress in Paris attended by representatives from 42 countries.

由任光譜曲、安娥作詞的《漁光曲》轟動(dòng)大上海。圖為《漁光曲》電影海報(bào)。A poster of Song of the Fishermen, a cinematic sensation released in 1934

任光與聶耳（左二）進(jìn)行歌曲合奏。Pianist Ren Guang and violinist Nie Er perform together.

由任光錄制、具有重大的歷史意義的首版《義勇軍進(jìn)行曲》唱片，編號(hào)為34848b。The original single gramophone record of March of the Volunteers, serial number 34848b, recorded by Ren Guang and released in 1935

In May 1939, Ren Guang arrived in Singapore. He was active in resistance undertakings against Japanese aggression. He taught songs to local singers and organized a chorus to sing them. March of the Volunteers was one of these songs.

Ren Guang joined the New Fourth Army in July 1940. Army Commander Ye Ting invited the composer over to the headquarters in Jingxian County in Anhui. The composer was in charge of the music work at the battleground cultural services. He composed songs for the army and taught soldiers to sing March of the Volunteers.

After his death, Xinhua Daily printed an obituary praising him as “a bugler of the nation”. In his short lifetime, Ren Guang composed more than 100 songs and most of them were revolutionary. In February 1935, Song of the Fishermen was screened at an international film festival in Moscow and won a prize. It was the first international film prize China had ever won. The film’s success set a new trend: a film must have a theme song for a box office success. Historians of Chinese filmmaking agree that Ren Guang made the trend.

Of the songs Ren Guang composed, many were about Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression. These songs were sung everywhere during the war. In October 1996, a six-episode series, jointly produced by Zhejiang Television Production Center and Shaoxing Cable Radio and TV Studio, was screened in honor of the composer.

In January 2011, a four-episode documentary was screened on CCTV in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the death of Ren Guang. The documentary was jointly made by Anhui Institute for the History of New Fourth Army and its Zhejiang counterpart.