遠(yuǎn)距離大規(guī)模高集中度風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)的儲能需求評估及協(xié)調(diào)控制

江全元 何湘寧 文勁宇 李欣然 龔裕仲

摘 要：隨著我國風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)規(guī)模的持續(xù)快速擴(kuò)大，更加復(fù)雜和深層次的問題預(yù)期將不斷出現(xiàn)。我國由于風(fēng)資源分布的原因，風(fēng)電開發(fā)采用了大規(guī)模高集中和遠(yuǎn)距離的戰(zhàn)略。在我國大規(guī)模高集中開發(fā)的模式下，區(qū)域風(fēng)電場分布集中度高，來風(fēng)情況相近，風(fēng)電場間出力相關(guān)性強(qiáng)。因此，區(qū)域風(fēng)電出力呈現(xiàn)出更大的波動性和不確定性，對維持電力系統(tǒng)的供電充裕性有重大影響。同時(shí)，目前風(fēng)機(jī)并網(wǎng)控制以強(qiáng)電網(wǎng)為假設(shè)條件，風(fēng)機(jī)出力的動態(tài)特性與常規(guī)同步發(fā)電機(jī)有很大差別，傳統(tǒng)的電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定控制和故障保護(hù)策略難以應(yīng)對。在遠(yuǎn)距離大規(guī)模輸送的情況下，電網(wǎng)相對變?nèi)?，風(fēng)機(jī)及同步發(fā)電機(jī)的端電壓易受同一擾動的影響，風(fēng)機(jī)之間以及風(fēng)機(jī)與同步發(fā)電機(jī)之間的動態(tài)耦合增強(qiáng)，使得電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定控制和故障保護(hù)問題變得更加嚴(yán)重和復(fù)雜，影響電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安全穩(wěn)定性。儲能技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展為解決風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)問題提供了新的機(jī)遇。儲能技術(shù)具有控制靈活、響應(yīng)快速的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但也具有容量有限、造價(jià)較高的缺點(diǎn)。通過對多類型儲能技術(shù)工作機(jī)理與經(jīng)濟(jì)特性的研究，分析儲能在改善含打過風(fēng)電的電力系統(tǒng)供電充裕性和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性的需求評估以及協(xié)調(diào)控制技術(shù)，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)我國風(fēng)電發(fā)展預(yù)期目標(biāo)，促進(jìn)我國大規(guī)模風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)工作的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：遠(yuǎn)距離 大規(guī)模 高集中度 風(fēng)電并網(wǎng) 儲能 需求評估 協(xié)調(diào)控制

Project Establishment Report of Energy Storage Demand assessment and Coordinated Control in Long-distance Large-scale High-concentration wind Power Integration

Jiang Quanyuan1 He Xiangning1 Wen Jinyu2 Li Xinran3 Gong Yuzhong1

（1.College of Electrical Engineering，Zhejiang University；2.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering， HUST；3.College of Electrical and Information Engineering， Hunan University）

Abstract：With the sustained and rapid expansion of wind power integration scale in China， more complex and deep-seated problems are expected to continue. Because of the distribution of the wind resource， wind power development with a focus on the strategic of large-scale， high centralize and long-range. In the high concentration of large-scale development mode， the regional wind farms are highly centralized， the wind conditions are similar， and the correlations between wind farms output power are strong. Therefore， the regional wind power output showing greater volatility and uncertainty， which has a significant impact on the adequacy of the power system to maintain power adequacy. Meanwhile， the current grid-controlled of wind generator assumes that the power grid is strong enough. The dynamic characteristics of the wind generators differ greatly with conventional synchronous generators， and the traditional stability control system and power failure protection strategy is difficult to deal with them. In the case of long-distance and large-scale transportation， the power grid is relatively weak. The terminal voltages of wind generators and synchronous generators are susceptible with the same disturbance. Dynamic coupling between the wind generators and synchronous generators strengthen， making the power system stability control and fault protection problem becomes more serious and complex， affecting security and stability of power system operation. The rapid development of large-scale energy storage technology offers a new opportunity to solve the wind power integration issues. Energy storage technologies have the advantages of flexible control and fast response， but also have the disadvantage of limited capacity and higher cost. Modeling of many types of energy storage technology mechanism and economic characteristics， analysis of energy storage demand in improving wind power integration are conducive to China's wind power development targets and can promote large-scale wind power work to further develop.

Key Words：Long-distance； Large-scale； High-concentration； Wind power integration； Energy storage； Demand assessment； Coordinated control

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