吳豐豆　王　健　馮　天　余　恒　秦　山

西南石油大學油氣藏地質及開發(fā)工程國家重點實驗室,　四川　成都　610500

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蒸汽吞吐中汽竄控制體系配方設計與性能評價

吳豐豆王健馮天余恒秦山

西南石油大學油氣藏地質及開發(fā)工程國家重點實驗室,四川成都610500

摘要：新疆風城油田稠油蒸汽吞吐作業(yè)區(qū)層間非均質性嚴重,導致開采過程中蒸汽竄流現(xiàn)象嚴重,熱能利用率低,開發(fā)效果下降,為此本實驗開展對蒸汽竄流控制體系的配方設計與性能評價,為有效改善吸汽剖面,提高蒸汽波及效率提供保障。針對注入蒸汽的竄流控制,以氮氣為起泡氣體,室內優(yōu)選出在高溫320 ℃下的配方為起泡劑(FA 2,0.1%)+ 起泡劑(FA 4,0.5%)+ 穩(wěn)泡劑(FS 3,0.05%)+ 助劑(AS-1,0.1%),實驗結果表明100 mL該體系起泡液起泡體積為605 mL,泡沫半衰期為135 min,泡沫干度為83.5%,表面張力為0.43 mN/m。對配方進行耐鹽、耐油性評價,結果表明該配方對礦化度變化具有較好的適應性,同時較低的含油飽和度(蒸汽竄流帶)對泡沫體系沒有明顯影響,可有效維持高滲層滲流阻力,從而抑制蒸汽竄流。

關鍵詞：稠油；蒸汽吞吐；高溫；竄流；泡沫

0前言

1)油井排液能力差,地層存水高；

2)水平段動用程度低；

3)地表汽竄造成儲量、產(chǎn)能損失；

4)井間汽竄出砂嚴重[8-12]。

稠油蒸汽吞吐開發(fā)的主要矛盾是汽竄,汽竄導致蒸汽波及效率和熱能利用率降低,蒸汽竄流帶的無效吞吐是導致多輪次吞吐效果差的核心因素[13]?？v向上,由于層間非均質性致使蒸汽沿高滲層竄流,富集油的低滲層無法被有效動用；平面上,由于層內非均質性致使蒸汽沿高滲通道竄流,剩余油的遠井帶無法被有效動用[14-16]。因此,本文針對注入蒸汽的低利用率,以氮氣為起泡氣體,高溫條件下采用泡沫調驅技術減少蒸汽指進、調整剖面矛盾,提高波及效率,為提高稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐開發(fā)效果提供保障[17-18]。

1實驗部分

1.1主要材料和儀器

起泡劑：FA 1、FA 2、FA 3、FA 4、FA 5；穩(wěn)泡劑：FS 1、FS 2、FS 3、FS 4；助劑：AS 1,均由新疆油田提供；重32井區(qū)模擬地層水離子組成見表1,化學劑組成見表2。無機鹽：MgCl2·6 H2O、CaCl2、KCl、NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、NaOH；精密天平；烘箱；量筒；高溫泡沫老化釜；氮氣瓶；全自動表/界面張力儀HZ-800型；吳茵攪拌器,調速范圍0～8 000 r/min。

由表4可知，硅-焓方程法計算得出的熱儲溫度為182.36 ℃～274.58 ℃，冷水混合比例為39.47%～85.88%；硅-焓圖解法計算的結果為172.58 ℃～258.23 ℃，冷水混入比例為39.19%～86.46%。對比發(fā)現(xiàn)由混合模型計算的熱儲溫度與Na-K溫標計算的溫度較為接近，與其他溫標及實測情況偏離較大。

表1重32井區(qū)模擬地層水離子組成

mg/L

表2重32井區(qū)模擬地層水化學劑組成

g/L

1.2實驗方法

2結果與討論

2.1起泡劑的確定

圖1　起泡劑濃度對起泡體積的影響

圖2　起泡劑濃度對泡沫半衰期的影響

表3起泡劑復配體系(FA 4+FA 2)不同濃度組合的起泡體積、泡沫干度、泡沫半衰期

濃度組合/(%)0.1+0.20.1+0.40.2+0.20.2+0.40.3+0.30.4+0.10.4+0.20.5+0.1?V㊣/mL375470500445460570600590?T㊣/min163143140132136137139143?G㊣/(%)73.378.780.077.578.382.583.383.1

2.2穩(wěn)泡劑的確定

圖3　穩(wěn)泡劑濃度對起泡體積的影響

圖4　穩(wěn)泡劑濃度對泡沫半衰期的影響

2.3助劑濃度的確定

表4助劑濃度對起泡體積、泡沫半衰期、表面張力的影響

濃度/(%)0.050.10.150.20.250.3?V㊣/mL600605590580578570?T㊣/min140135125116110108?σ㊣/(mN·m-1)1.730.430.0720.110.200.23

2.4性能評價

2.4.1耐鹽性

在生產(chǎn)過程中,由于流體間的傳質作用,礦化度不斷發(fā)生變化,因此有必要對配方的耐鹽性進行評價。測得的不同地層水礦化度倍數(shù)下的起泡體積、泡沫半衰期與礦化度關系見表5。由表5可知：隨著礦化度的增加,地層水泡沫配方的各項參數(shù)均有所下降,但幅度很小。起泡體積大于500 mL,泡沫半衰期大于2 h；具有較好的耐鹽性,可以滿足施工要求。

表5礦化度對起泡體積、泡沫半衰期的影響

礦化度00.250.50.7511.25?V㊣/mL820785750665600515?T㊣/min190178165155138120

2.4.2耐油性

表6含油飽和度對起泡體積、泡沫半衰期的影響

含油飽和度/(%)5101520253035404550?V㊣/mL610585550415335285230205175155?T㊣/min1301261191141089075584538

3結論

2)將具有不同優(yōu)點的起泡劑進行復配可同時兼顧起泡體積與泡沫半衰期；穩(wěn)泡劑的加入在延長消泡時間的同時減小了起泡體積,助劑的加入對起泡能力影響較小,但對泡沫的穩(wěn)定性和表面張力影響較大。

3)本文優(yōu)選配方具有較好的耐鹽性,能適應注入過程中礦化度的不斷變化；較低的含油飽和度(蒸汽竄流帶)對泡沫體系影響較小,即少量原油存在的情況下,泡沫穩(wěn)定性比較好,能有效維持高滲層的滲流阻力,提高蒸汽吞吐開發(fā)效率。

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收稿日期：2015-12-19

基金項目：國家自然科學基金項目“重力超覆下氣體連續(xù)“剝蝕”稠油邊界層的驅油機制研究”(51574200)

作者簡介：吳豐豆(1991-),男,四川眉山人,碩士研究生,主要從事化學驅和化學調剖堵水方面的學習與研究。

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2016.03.014