趙紅偉++++++岳月紅++++++康薇
[摘要] 目的 探索銀杏葉提取物(EGB 761)對(duì)腸炎模型小鼠腸黏膜通透性的影響。 方法 30只C57BL/6小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常組(10只)、模型組(10只)、EGB 761組(10只),建立急性結(jié)腸炎小鼠模型。觀察小鼠一般情況及結(jié)腸病理變化;應(yīng)用偶氮基質(zhì)顯色法測(cè)定血清中脂多糖(LPS)的含量;采用異硫氰酸熒光素(FITC-D)標(biāo)記的右旋葡聚糖法以及細(xì)菌移位來(lái)檢測(cè)腸黏膜通透性;免疫熒光染色及組織化學(xué)測(cè)定結(jié)腸組織中occludin、Claudin-1蛋白的變化。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)EGB 761治療后模型小鼠的一般情況及結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)均有明顯改善,EGB 761組小鼠血清中LPS的含量(0.14±0.04)與模型組(0.20±0.06)比較明顯降低(P < 0.01);EGB 761組FITC-D的滲透率與模型組(4200.80±326.60)比較明顯降低(P < 0.01);EGB 761組細(xì)菌移位率(40%)與模型組(80%)比較也明顯降低(P < 0.01)。免疫熒光染色及組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果顯示,EGB 761組可增加Claudin-1、occludin蛋白陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞染色。 結(jié)論 EGB 76可降低腸炎模型小鼠腸黏膜的通透性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] EGB 761;急性腸炎;動(dòng)物模型;腸黏膜通透性
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R574 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2016)09(a)-0008-04
[Abstract] objective To investigate the effects of Gingko Biloba extract on the intestinal mucosal permeability in the colitis. Methods Thirty of C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped as follows: control group (10 mice), model group (10 mice), EGB 761 group (10 mice). Models of acute colitis were established, general condition and colon pathological changes were observed, the serum of LPS was detected by Azo matrix chromogenic method; intestinal mucosal permeability were detected by FITC-D and bacterial translocation, the expressions of occludin and Claudin-1 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results General condition and colon pathological were changed in the EGB 761 group compared with that of the model group; serum levels of the LPS in the EGB 761 group (0.14±0.04) was obviously decreased compared with those of the model group (0.20±0.06)(P < 0.01); the level of the FITC-D in EGB 761 group was decreased obviously (1266.40±222.90) compared with that of the model group (4200.80±326.60) (P < 0.01); Bacterial translocation was significantly decreased in the EGB 761 group (40%) compared with the model group (80%) (P < 0.01); the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of the Claudin-1 and occludin proteins in colonic tissues increased in EGB 761 group. Conclusion The administration of EGB 761 may be adjusted the intestinal mucosal permeability in the acute experimental colitis.
[Key words] EGB 761; Acute colitis; Animal model; Intestinal mucosal permeability
潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)是一種慢性反復(fù)發(fā)作的腸道炎癥性病變,目前多數(shù)人認(rèn)為該病是在一定環(huán)境下使腸道黏膜屏障的作用削弱,腸黏膜的通透性增高,致使腸道的致病菌群容易穿過(guò)其屏障,從而導(dǎo)致炎癥反復(fù)發(fā)生[1-5],可見(jiàn)腸道黏膜通透性的增高與UC的發(fā)生有著緊密的聯(lián)系[6-12]。有研究表明,銀杏葉提取物761(Ginkgo Biloba extract 761,GBE 761)對(duì)該病有治療作用,但是否對(duì)腸黏膜屏障的通透性有調(diào)節(jié)作用仍需進(jìn)一步研究。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 試劑與造模方法
右旋葡聚糖硫酸鈉(DSS)(Sigma公司,美國(guó));銀杏葉提取物(EGB 761,金納多注射液,德國(guó)威瑪舒培藥廠,批號(hào):7320400);異硫氰酸熒光素(FITC)-Dextrans Sigma顯色基質(zhì)鱟試劑盒(上海榕柏生物技術(shù)有限公司);鼠抗閉合蛋白(occludin)、Claudin-1抗體(美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司)。急性期造模及EGB 761干預(yù):30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠購(gòu)于北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司[合格證號(hào):SCXK(京)2006-0009],體重19~24 g;9~13周。按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表隨機(jī)分為正常組(10只)、模型組(10只)、EGB 761組(10只)。模型組動(dòng)物自由飲用2% DSS,持續(xù)1周,正常組及EGB 761組動(dòng)物飲用蒸餾水,持續(xù)1周。EGB 761組小鼠從實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始至結(jié)束,每天予EGB 761(200 mg/kg)1 mL灌腸;正常組和模型組予PBS灌腸作對(duì)照,時(shí)間均為1周,第8天處死所有動(dòng)物。
1.2 小鼠一般情況及結(jié)腸病理組織染色
觀察動(dòng)物的體重、毛發(fā)光澤度、精神狀態(tài)、大便性狀、活動(dòng)情況、食欲等。造模后處死小鼠,取部分結(jié)腸組織置于多聚甲醛內(nèi)固定、包埋、切片,HE染色,行組織病理學(xué)觀察。
1.3 脂多糖(LPS)含量的測(cè)定
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,應(yīng)用注射器行心臟穿刺取血,取血后以3000 r/min離心15 min,取出血清,按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)應(yīng)用偶氮基質(zhì)顯色法測(cè)定LPS含量。
1.4 結(jié)腸黏膜的通透性的檢測(cè)
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束前4 h動(dòng)物禁食水,應(yīng)用FITC-D灌胃,(60 mg FITC-D/100 g),然后采取血清,應(yīng)用熒光分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)每個(gè)樣本的熒光密度,計(jì)算出每只小鼠血清中FITC-D的濃度。
1.5 腸系膜淋巴結(jié)細(xì)菌移位率的檢測(cè)
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,用無(wú)菌剪刀剪取小鼠的全部腸系膜淋巴結(jié)(Mesenteric lymph nodes,MLN),稱(chēng)重后并勻漿,將勻漿組織各0.1 mL分別涂在普通瓊脂培養(yǎng)基上37℃孵箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。計(jì)算細(xì)菌移位率,細(xì)菌移位率=(陽(yáng)性的只數(shù)/培養(yǎng)的總只數(shù))×100%。
1.6 結(jié)腸黏膜免疫組織化學(xué)及熒光染色
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,截取結(jié)腸組織行冰凍切片,嚴(yán)格按照實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟,一抗Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在37℃孵育2 h,洗滌,二抗37℃孵育30 min,結(jié)束后在光鏡下觀察Claudin-1、occludin蛋白的表達(dá)。免疫熒光染色:其他步驟同上,二抗滴加標(biāo)記紅色熒光的抗小鼠Cy3,室溫1 h,紅色的亮光為陽(yáng)性表達(dá)。在陰性對(duì)照組中應(yīng)用PBS替代一抗,其他的方法同上。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);多組間比較采用單因素方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 小鼠的一般情況
正常組的小鼠大便、飲食、精神狀態(tài)正常、體重增加、毛發(fā)光澤;模型組小鼠第1天一般狀況較正常;第3天開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)食欲、體重下降,精神萎靡,懶于活動(dòng),毛發(fā)無(wú)光澤,拉稀便或黏液血便;第5天上述各種癥狀明顯加重,糞便潛血試驗(yàn)呈強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性;第7天小鼠體重減輕明顯,肛周可見(jiàn)肉眼血便。EGB 761組第5~7天后,稀便,未見(jiàn)膿血便,狀態(tài)接近正常,但體重仍明顯減輕。
2.2 EGB 761對(duì)小鼠結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)的影響
正常組小鼠結(jié)腸黏膜光滑,無(wú)水腫、充血等表現(xiàn);模型組結(jié)腸黏膜缺損,可見(jiàn)黏膜、黏膜下層大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),隱窩增生;EGB 761組可見(jiàn)炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)少,炎癥程度較模型組明顯減輕。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.3 EGB 761對(duì)血清LPS、細(xì)菌移位率及FITC-D滲透率的影響
與模型組比較,正常組及EGB 761組血清中LPS的含量、結(jié)腸黏膜FITC-D滲透率、細(xì)菌移位率明顯降低(P < 0.01)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.4 免疫組織化學(xué)染色法檢測(cè)Claudin-1、occludin蛋白定位分布
通過(guò)光鏡觀察正常組Claudin-1、occludin蛋白,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞主要呈棕黃色或褐色,分布于結(jié)腸組織上皮細(xì)胞的邊緣以及細(xì)胞膜的頂端,均勻連續(xù)分布;模型組的蛋白分布不均染色變淡,線(xiàn)條模糊,邊緣粗糙有刺狀突起;EGB 761組Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在結(jié)腸黏膜上皮層中分布均勻,線(xiàn)條清晰。見(jiàn)圖2~3。
2.5 免疫熒光染色檢測(cè)結(jié)腸黏膜occludin和Claudin-1蛋白的定位分布
在激光共聚焦的顯微鏡下看到的Claudin-1和occludin蛋白均呈紅色光亮,在正常組中Claudin-1、occludin蛋白染色可見(jiàn)紅色的亮光沿細(xì)胞的胞膜分布,呈強(qiáng)光,細(xì)胞的胞膜邊緣較光滑;在模型組中可見(jiàn)看到,紅色的光亮沿細(xì)胞胞膜散在分布,熒光強(qiáng)度減弱;EGB 761組熒光仍沿胞膜分布,強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)于模型組。見(jiàn)圖4~5(封三)。
3 討論
UC是一種病因不明的、高復(fù)發(fā)的腸道炎癥性疾病,研究顯示UC在各種微生物抗原刺激下,腸黏膜屏障通透性增高,使腸道致病菌群穿過(guò)黏膜屏障,激活體內(nèi)免疫系統(tǒng)被激活,各種炎癥細(xì)胞活化,腸黏膜組織產(chǎn)生炎性反應(yīng),而腸黏膜通透性,居于中心地位,可能是UC發(fā)病的始動(dòng)因素,所以提高腸道黏膜屏障,降低其通透性可能為該病提供一個(gè)新思路。 在正常的情況下,腸道有完整的黏膜屏障,可以阻止有毒物質(zhì)通過(guò)[13-16],UC發(fā)病時(shí),腸黏膜屏障通透性增高[17-18]。
GBE 761廣泛用于治療呼吸系統(tǒng)、心腦血管系統(tǒng)等疾病,有調(diào)節(jié)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、改善血液循環(huán)、保護(hù)組織等作用。GBE 761可通過(guò)抑制炎癥細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá),如腫瘤壞死因子-α、NF-κBp65、白介素-6,從而對(duì)大鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)性結(jié)腸炎具有保護(hù)作用,同時(shí)GBE 76灌腸也能抑制大鼠結(jié)腸炎的炎癥細(xì)胞因子的分泌,減輕腸道炎性反應(yīng),減少腸黏膜的損傷[19-20]。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,GBE 761干預(yù)有促進(jìn)動(dòng)物食欲效果導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物體重迅速增加;減少腸道出血和炎癥細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn),正常組FITC-D含量、細(xì)菌移位率及LPS的含量降低。GBE 761干預(yù)使緊密連接蛋白分布于細(xì)胞邊緣,沿細(xì)胞膜分布,加強(qiáng)了緊密連接,降低了黏膜的通透性;由此可見(jiàn),GBE 761可降低腸黏膜通透性、降低腸道炎性反應(yīng),減輕腸黏膜病理反應(yīng),對(duì)UC的治療有一定作用。
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