李建高
一、考查基數(shù)詞的用法
【真題】(2016年濟(jì)南卷) —How many hours do you sleep every night?
—About ____ hours. From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
A. nine B. nineteen
C. ninth D. ninety
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:——你每晚睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)?——大約9個(gè)小時(shí)。從晚上9點(diǎn)到早上6點(diǎn)。基數(shù)詞用于表示事物的數(shù)量。由From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.不難推算出睡眠時(shí)間為“9個(gè)小時(shí)”,空白處應(yīng)填基數(shù)詞nine。
【溫馨提示】基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:
(1)0~12為基本單詞;13~19為對(duì)應(yīng)的個(gè)位數(shù)單詞或變形后加-teen,如:16→sixteen。整十的基數(shù)詞(10除外)為其對(duì)應(yīng)個(gè)位數(shù)單詞或變形后加-ty,如:80→eighty。
(2)兩位數(shù)基數(shù)詞的十位與個(gè)位數(shù)之間用連字符“-”連接,如:57→fifty-seven。
(3)三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間用and連接,如:365→three hundred and sixty-five。
(4)1000以上的基數(shù)詞從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)后面加一個(gè)逗號(hào)。第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為thousand,第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為million,第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為billion。兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)。如:2,383,820,966→two billion three hundred and eighty-three million eight hundred and twenty thousand nine hundred and sixty-six。
二、考查序數(shù)詞的用法
【真題1】(2016年武威卷) July 1st of this year is the ____ birthday of the CPC (中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨).
A. ninety-five B. ninetieth-fifth
C. ninetieth-five D. ninety-fifth
【答案】D
【解析】句意為:今年的7月1日是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第95個(gè)生日。“第95個(gè)”用序數(shù)詞ninety-fifth表示,并且序數(shù)詞前面要加定冠詞the,表示順序。
【溫馨提示】序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:
(1) 除“第一”“第二”“第三”外,其他序數(shù)詞都是在基數(shù)詞后面加-th構(gòu)成,其中有些詞在拼寫上有細(xì)微的變化。如:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth等。
(2) 兩位數(shù)的詞,只需把個(gè)位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。如:第二十二→twenty-second。
(3) 三位以上的詞,只需要把最后的兩位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。如:第九百九十九→nine hundred and ninety-ninth。
另外,序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來(lái)表示,如:“第一”“第二”“第三”的縮寫形式分別是1st, 2nd, 3rd;其他序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式是在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后面加-th。
【真題2】(2016年瀘州卷) On her ____ birthday, she got an iPad as a gift from her father.
A. twelve B. twelfth
C. the twelve D. the twelfth
【答案】B
【解析】句意為:在她12歲生日時(shí),她從父親那里得到一部iPad?!暗?2個(gè)生日”用序數(shù)詞twelfth表示,當(dāng)名詞前有限定詞(如形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格等)修飾時(shí),就不再用定冠詞the。
【真題3】(2016年隨州卷) —If your parents wanted to have a ____ child, would you agree?
—Of course. But they should make it in ____ years time.
A. second; second B. two; two
C. second; two D. two; second
【答案】C
【解析】句意為:——如果你的父母想再要一個(gè)孩子,你會(huì)同意嗎?——當(dāng)然。但他們應(yīng)該在兩年之后再要。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a或an時(shí),意為“又一,再一”。
三、考查hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等的用法
【真題1】(2016年淮安卷) More than two ____ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.
A. hundred B. hundreds
C. hundreds of D. hundred of
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:每年在我們的街區(qū)栽種200多棵樹(shù)。當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前面有基數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),要用單數(shù)形式。本題中hundred前面有基數(shù)詞two修飾,所以用單數(shù)形式,并且其后不接of。
【真題2】(2016年安順卷) Unluckily, ____ people were killed in the earthquake.
A. two thousands B. thousand of
C. two thousands of D. thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】句意為:不幸的是,成千上萬(wàn)的人在這次地震中喪生。hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of意為“數(shù)百/千/百萬(wàn)/十億的”,前面不用基數(shù)詞,但可用many, several等詞修飾。本題中thousands of意為“成千上萬(wàn)的”。
四、考查“基數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞
【真題1】(2015年孝感卷) Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ____ English Training.
A. two-month B. two-months
C. two months D. two month
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:去年,300名英語(yǔ)老師參加了為期兩個(gè)月的英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)。在“數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞中,詞與詞之間要用連字符“-”連接,并且名詞要用單數(shù)形式?!皟蓚€(gè)月的”是復(fù)合形容詞,表示為“two-month”。
【真題2】(2016年連云港卷) —Yan Jiashuo, a ____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, shes great, isnt she?
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old
C. ten year old D. ten years old
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:——閆家碩,一個(gè)10歲的女孩,已經(jīng)獲得國(guó)際記憶大師獎(jiǎng)?!郏媪瞬黄?,不是嗎?“10歲的”是復(fù)合形容詞,表示為“ten-year-old”。
五、考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)
【真題1】(2016年蘭州卷) ____ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.
A. Two fifth B. One thirds
C. Three fifth D. Three quarters
【答案】D
【解析】句意為:在六班有四分之三的學(xué)生在學(xué)校吃午飯?!八姆种笨捎谩皌hree quarters”表示。
【溫馨提示】分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成:
表示“幾分之幾”,英語(yǔ)中常用基數(shù)詞做分子,序數(shù)詞做分母。當(dāng)分子是1時(shí),分母用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外,表達(dá)“二分之一”,可用one half或a half。表達(dá)“四分之幾”,可用“基數(shù)詞+ quarter(s)”。
【真題2】(2016年龍東卷) About ____ of the land ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is B. three fifths; are
C. three fifth; are
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:大約五分之三的土地被樹(shù)木和草地覆蓋?!拔宸种北硎緸椤皌hree fifths”;本題中的land為不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。
六、考查年齡的表達(dá)
【真題】(2015年蘇州卷) Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her ____.
A. fifties B. fifty
C. fiftieths D. fiftieth
【答案】A
【解析】句意為:托尼的媽媽看起來(lái)既年輕又漂亮。很難想象她已經(jīng)50多歲了。“在她50多歲時(shí)”應(yīng)表示為“in her fifties”。
【溫馨提示】“in ones + 逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”,表示“某人幾十歲”。
七、考查編號(hào)的表達(dá)
【真題】(2016年廣東卷) Please turn to page ____ and take a look at the picture on it.
A. the eightieth B. eightieth
C. eighties D. eighty
【答案】D
【解析】句意為:請(qǐng)翻到第80頁(yè),看上面的這幅圖?!暗?0頁(yè)”可表示為“page eighty / the eightieth page”。
八、考查日期和年代的表達(dá)
【真題】(2015年邵陽(yáng)卷) —Whats the date today?
—Its June ____, 2015.
A. seventeen B. the seventeen
C. the seventeenth
【答案】C
【解析】句意為:——今天幾號(hào)?——2015年6月17日。“2015年6月17日”應(yīng)表達(dá)為“Its June the seventeenth, 2015”。
【溫馨提示】日期的構(gòu)成:
英語(yǔ)中,年、月、日的表達(dá)一般是“年在后,月、日在前”,書寫時(shí)“日期”用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞皆可。另外,“in the + 年份的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……年代”;“in the + 序數(shù)詞 + century”表示“在……世紀(jì)”。如:
The play tells us stories in the 1960s. 這部劇講述了發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)60年代的故事。
Do you know who is the greatest scientist in the twentieth century? 你知道誰(shuí)是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家嗎?
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練:
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. Susans new apartment is on ____ floor. Lets go upstairs to have a look.
A. two B. second
C. the two D. the second
2. Eric loves reading. He has read ____ famous books this month.
A. two B. second
C. twice D. the second
3. —Our city is going to hold the ____ Culture Festival.
—I see. And our school will take part in ____ activities.
A. tenth; tenth B. tenth; ten
C. ten; tenth D. ten; ten
4. Last year, Jimmy had his ____ vacation in Sanya.
A. ten day B. ten days
C. ten-day D. ten-days
5. Though Maggie is young, she has already read ____ books.
A. two hundreds B. hundred of
C. hundreds of D. hundreds
6. When he was ____, he wrote the novel.
A. on fifties B. on his fifties
C. in fifties D. in his fifties
7. As we all know, ____ of the earth ____ made up of oceans.
A. two third; is B. two thirds; is
C. two third; are D. two thirds; are
8. In order to finish the task, weve tried three times, and after dinner well try ____ time.
A. the four B. four
C. fourth D. a fourth
9. —Were Ann and Lily born in the ____?
—Yes, both of them were born in ____.
A. 1999; 1990s B. 1999; 1999
C. 1990s; 1999 D. 1990s; 1990s
10. —Has Miss Zhao been back?
—Not yet. She will come back ____ the evening of August ____.
A. on; the twelfth B. on; the twelve
C. in; the twelve D. in; twelfth
11. Toby got many presents on his ____ birthday.
A. twelve B. the twelve
C. twelfth D. the twelfth
12. In our classroom, ____ of the students come from the countryside.
A. one four B. one fourth
C. first four D. first fourth
13. Football is so exciting that ____ people in the world play the game.
A. million of B. millions of
C. two million of D. two millions
14. The world population was over six ____ by the end of the 20th century.
A. billion B. billions
C. billion of D. billions of
15. The correct pronunciation of “2016年12月23日” is ____.
A. December the twenty-third, two thousand and sixteen
B. December twenty-third, twenty and sixteen
C. December twenty-three, twenty and sixteen
D. December the twenty-three, twenty and sixteen