• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Overview of the improvement of the ring-stage survival assay – a novel phenotypic assay for the detection of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

    2017-01-25 16:51:45JieZhangGuoHuaFengChunYanZouPinCanSuHuaiLiuZhaoQingYang650500
    Zoological Research 2017年6期

    Jie Zhang, Guo-Hua Feng ,Chun-Yan Zou, Pin-Can Su, Huai-E Liu, Zhao-Qing Yang, ,650500,

    2Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China

    3Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Nanning Guangxi 530021, China

    4Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China

    5Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650032, China

    INTRODUCTION

    Malaria, which is mainly caused byPlasmodium falciparum, is a long-term worldwide public health problem. An estimated 216 million new cases occurred globally in 2016, resulting in 445 000 deaths (WHO, 2017). Despite significant progress in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in many areas of endemicity, drug resistance has become a challenging issue. SinceP. falciparumdeveloped resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine, malaria has spread rampantly throughout Asia and Africa over the last several decades (Snow et al., 2001;Trape et al., 1998), posing serious difficulties for its control and elimination.

    Originally discovered in China, artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives, including dihydroartemisinin (DHA), artemether, and artesunate, demonstrate high performance, low toxicity, and limited cross-resistance with other antimalarial drugs (Li et al.,1979; Miller & Su, 2011). ART is at the frontline for the treatment and possible cure of malaria (Fairhurst, 2015);however, along with its global application, resistance to ART has developed and increased in many regions. Since its first detection in 2008 (Noedl et al., 2008) and 2009 (Dondorp et al.,2009) in western Cambodia, ART resistance has appeared successively in other countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion, manifesting with a reduced parasite clearance rate or prolongedin vivoparasite clearance time following treatment with ART-based combination therapies (ACTs) (Amaratunga et al., 2012; Ashley et al., 2014; Hien et al., 2012; Huang et al.,2015; Kyaw et al., 2013; Phyo et al., 2012). For many decades,Southeast Asia (SEA) has been an epicenter for the evolution of drug-resistant falciparum malaria, and the emergence of ART resistance in SEA is of great concern for the global control of falciparum malaria (Fairhurst, 2015).

    RING-STAGE SURVIVAL ASSAY1

    Hidden within ART-resistant parasites is the ability to remain dormant in the ring stage after exposure to ART, as well as recovery at a rapid rate, resulting in numerous parasites enduring DHA-exposed dormancy (Codd et al., 2011; Teuscher et al., 2010). Due to these special characteristics, despite substantial reductions in the clinical response to ART observed in falciparum malaria,in vitroconcentrations resulting in 50%growth inhibition in a conventional 48 h exposure assay were relatively low and did not contribute to slow parasite clearance or ACT failure (Dondorp et al., 2009; Saralamba et al., 2011;Woodrow & White, 2017). It is, therefore, necessary to implement rapid and exact monitoring to halt the further spread of ART-resistance.

    Hence, the ring-stage survival assay (RSA) was recently established as a new protocol in the surveillance of ART resistance, and can distinguish culture-adapted isolates with fast clearance or slow-clearing rates that can survive pharmacologically relevant doses of ART (Dondorp et al., 2009;Witkowski et al., 2013a). Previous therapeutic efficacy studies have demonstrated a clear correlation between RSAin vitroand day 3 parasitemia positivity as well as mutations in the Kelch domain gene (K13) associated with resistance (Woodrow &White, 2017; Ariey et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2015; Zhang et al.,2016). Current data have shown RSA to be an important assay for ART resistancein vitro.

    In RSA, young ring-stage parasite cultures (0–3 h), tightly synchronized by 5% sorbitol, are exposed to 700 nmol/L DHA or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as controls for 6 h, then cultivated for 66 h after twice or thrice drug washing. At the end of the assay, survival rates of these isolates are calculated as the ratio under the microscope of viable parasites surviving DHA-induced incubation relative to initial conditions (http://www.wwarn.org/tools-resources/procedures/ring-stage-survivalassays-rsa-evaluate-vitro-and-ex-vivo-susceptibility). In general, a≥1% survival rate is defined as an ART-resistant strain (Figure 1).

    This method can decrease interference caused by the internal variables of the host, such as organism immunity level,allosteric effects of hemoglobin, and capability to metabolize drugs (Amaratunga et al., 2012; Witkowski et al., 2013a). RSAin vitrois proposed to give phenotypic information, thus enabling screening for reduced susceptibility to ART in prolonged clearance parasites (Witkowski et al., 2013b).

    IMPROVED METHODS FOR RSA

    While feasible and efficient for the surveillance of ART resistance,the RSA tool has several limitations, including sophisticated Percoll gradient centrifugation, biased assessment of the degree of sorbitol synchronization treatment, and exacting requirements for counting viable parasites (Witkowski et al., 2013a). In Whitney A. Kite’s laboratory, two alternative RSA methods have been developed; that is, filtration ring-stage survival assay and sorbitol-only ring-stage survival assay. The first is essentially a filtration process in which the 0–3 h fresh post-invasion rings are obtained after filtering out the merozoites from mature forms.The latter assay performs a repeated step of high synchronization prior to measurement, with the remaining late-stage schizonts typically removed, except for the early rings. Compared with the standard RSA protocol, these modifications have shown a marked increase in phase-specificity as well as less time in culture, fewer lab resources, and lower volume of isolates (Kite et al., 2016). In addition, to limit the inherent variability of microscopic examination, Amaratunga et al. (2014) developed a quick and simple bi-color flow cytometric assay – RSA-2FACS and MitoTracker deep red FM (MTDR) – to accurately quantify observations of viable parasites applied to the RSA. In their study, mitochondrial DNA is readily dyed using the Mito Tracker deep red FM method, allowing for the selection of viable parasites from pyknotic strains (Amaratunga et al., 2014). In addition, Dogovski et al. (2015) suggested direct assessment of the drug-induced growth effects in western Cambodian parasites.For this, the RNA-binding dye SYTO-61, which can distinguish isolates in different stages, was used as a fluorescent marker to determine whether parasites that survived DHA exposure exhibited growth retardation. By comparison with no-drug controls, the decreased SYTO-61 signal in the drug-treated samples exhibited an absolute increase in the number of viable parasites (Dogovski et al., 2015).

    PROSPECT AND APPLICATION OF RSA

    The traditional RSA approach was first carried out by Witkowski and colleagues based on sensitivity to DHA exposure at different stages. Their results demonstrated that median ringstage survival of laboratory lines collected in western Cambodia with slow-clearing infection was 47-fold higher than those with normal ART sensitivity in RSA0-3h(0.23 and 10.88%, respectively),whereas no significant differences were observed in RSA9-12hor trophozoite-stage survival assay (TSA18-21h) rates (Witkowski et al., 2013a). In contrast, Cui et al. (2012) demonstrated that the ART resistance phenotype was associated with the dormancy mechanism not only at the development of the ring stage, but also in trophozoites and schizonts (Cui et al., 2012). Thus, the different consequences involved in the characteristics of this phenotype require additional empirical evidence. Cooper et al.(2015) documented that DHA susceptibility using the standard RSA based on the IC50 value for ART failed to clarify resistance inP. falciparumparasites from Kampala, Uganda, with the parasitemia of almost all isolates dropping to a much lower level(≤0.025%) after the 72-h assay, revealing no sign of ART resistance. Susceptibility to ART in Cameroonian isolates was also identified usingex-vivoRSA, with the DHA-treated cultures showing almost no healthy-appearing parasites (median survival rate=0.49%, IQR=0% to 1.3%) (Menard et al., 2016). However,reduced ART drugin-vitrosensitivity of parasites from the China-Myanmar border was reported after assessment of early ring-stage survival by comparing 34 clinical isolates with the 3D7 reference standard strain (Zhang et al., 2016).

    The RSA0-3hassay was recently developed to test ART resistance forP. falciparumisolates. This assay has been subsequently improved in terms of simplicity and practicality.Thus, the growing availability of RSA will increase the convenience and ease of investigating ART responses in laboratory testing.

    Amaratunga C, Sreng S, Suon S, Phelps ES, Stepniewska K, Lim P, Zhou CJ, Mao S, Anderson JM, Lindegardh N, Jiang HY, Song JP, Su XZ, White NJ, Dondorp AM, Anderson TJC, Fay MP, Mu JB, Duong S, Fairhurst RM.2012. Artemisinin-resistantPlasmodium falciparumin Pursat province,western Cambodia: a parasite clearance rate study.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,12(11): 851–858.

    Amaratunga C, Neal AT, Fairhurst RM. 2014. Flow cytometry-based analysis of artemisinin-resistantPlasmodium falciparumin the ring-stage survival assay.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,58(8): 4938–4940.Ariey F, Witkowski B, Amaratunga C, Beghain J, Langlois AC, Khim N, Kim S, Duru V, Bouchier C, Ma L, Lim P, Leang R, Duong S, Sreng S, Suon S,Chuor CM, Bout DM, Ménard S, Rogers WO, Genton B, Fandeur T, Miotto O, Ringwald P, Le Bras J, Berry A, Barale JC, Fairhurst RM, Benoit-Vical F,Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ménard D. 2014. A molecular marker of artemisininresistantPlasmodium falciparummalaria.Nature,505(7481): 50–55.

    Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, Amaratunga C, Lim P, Suon S, Sreng S, Anderson JM, Mao S, Sam B, Sopha C, Chuor CM, Nguon C,Sovannaroth S, Pukrittayakamee S, Jittamala P, Chotivanich K, Chutasmit K, Suchatsoonthorn C, Runcharoen R, Hien TT, Thuy-Nhien NT, Thanh NV,Phu NH, Htut Y, Han KT, Aye KH, Mokuolu OA, Olaosebikan RR, Folaranmi OO, Mayxay M, Khanthavong M, Hongvanthong B, Newton PN,Onyamboko MA, Fanello CI, Tshefu AK, Mishra N, Valecha N, Phyo AP,Nosten F, Yi P, Tripura R, Borrmann S, Bashraheil M, Peshu J, Faiz MA,Ghose A, Hossain MA, Samad R, Rahman MR, Hasan MM, Islam A, Miotto O, Amato R, MacInnis B, StalkerJ, Kwiatkowski DP, Bozdech Z, Jeeyapant A, Cheah PY, Sakulthaew T, Chalk J, Intharabut B, Silamut K, Lee SJ,Vihokhern B, Kunasol C, Imwong M, Tarning J, Taylor WJ, Yeung S,Woodrow CJ, Flegg JA, Das D, Smith J, Venkatesan M, Plowe CV,Stepniewska K, Guerin PJ, Dondorp AM, Day NP, White NJ. 2014. Spread of artemisinin resistance inPlasmodium falciparummalaria.The New England Journal of Medicine,371(5): 411–423.

    Codd A, Teuscher F, Kyle DE, Cheng Q, Gatton ML. 2011. Artemisinininduced parasite dormancy: a plausible mechanism for treatment failure.Malaria Journal,10: 56.

    Cooper RA, Conrad MD, Watson QD, Huezo SJ, Ninsiima H, Tumwebaze P,Nsobya SL, Rosenthal PJ. 2015. Lack of artemisinin resistance inPlasmodium falciparumin Uganda based on parasitological and molecular Assays.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,59(8): 5061–5064.

    Cui L, Wang ZL, Miao J, Miao M, Chandra R, Jiang HY, Su XZ, Cui LW.2012. Mechanisms ofin vitroresistance to dihydroartemisinin inPlasmodium falciparum.Molecular Microbiology,86(1): 111–128.

    Dogovski C, Xie SC, Burgio G, Bridgford J, Mok S, McCaw JM,ChotivanichK, Kenny S, Gn?dig N, Straimer J, Bozdech Z, Fidock DA,Simpson JA, Dondorp AM, Foote S, Klonis N, Tilley L. 2015. Targeting the cell stress response ofPlasmodium falciparumto overcome artemisinin resistance.PLoS Biology,13(4): e1002132.

    Dondorp AM, Nosten F, Yi P, Das D, Phyo AP, Tarning J, Lwin KM, Ariey F,Hanpithakpong W, Lee SJ, Ringwald P, Silamut K, Imwong M, Chotivanich K, Lim P, Herdman T, An SS, Yeung S, Singhasivanon P, Day NPJ,Lindegardh N, Socheat D, White NJ. 2009. Artemisinin resistance inPlasmodium falciparummalaria.The New England Journal of Medicine,361(5): 455–467.

    Fairhurst RM. 2015.Understanding artemisinin-resistant malaria: what a difference a year makes.Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases,28(5):417–425.

    Hien TT, Thuy-Nhien NT, Phu NH, Boni MF, Thanh NV, Nha-Ca NT, Thai LH,Thai CQ, Toi PV, Thuan PD, Long LT, Dong LT, Merson L, Dolecek C,Stepniewska K, Ringwald P, White NJ, Farrar J, Wolbers M. 2012.In vivosusceptibility ofPlasmodium falciparumto artesunate in Binh Phuoc Province,Vietnam. Malaria Journal,11: 355.

    Huang F, Takala-Harrison S, Jacob CG, Liu H, Sun XD, Yang HL, Nyunt MM, Adams M, Zhou SS, Xia ZG, Ringwald P, Bustos MD, Tang LH, Plowe CV. 2015. A single mutation in K13 predominates in southern china and is associated with delayed clearance ofPlasmodium falciparumfollowing artemisinin treatment.Journal of Infectious Diseases,212(10): 1629–1635.Kite WA, Melendez-Muniz VA, Moraes Barros RR, Wellems TE, Sá JM.2016. Alternative methods for thePlasmodium falciparumartemisinin ringstage survival assay with increased simplicity and parasite stage-specificity.Malaria Journal,15: 94.

    Kyaw MP, Nyunt MH, Chit K, Aye MM, Aye KH, Aye MM, Lindegardh N,Tarning J, Imwong M, Jacob CG, Rasmussen C, Perin J, Ringwald P, Nyunt MM. 2013. Reduced susceptibility ofPlasmodium falciparumto artesunate in southern Myanmar.PLoS One,8(3): e57689.

    Li Y, Yu PL, Chen YX, Li LQ, Gai YZ, Wang DS, Zheng YP. 1979. Synthesis of some derivatives of artemisinine.Chinese Science Bulletin,24(14), 667–669. (in Chinese)

    Menard S, Tchoufack JN, Maffo CN, Nsango SE, Iriart X, Abate L, Tsapi MT,Awono-Ambéné PH, AbegaMekongo FA, Morlais I, Berry A. 2016. Insight intok13-propeller gene polymorphism and ex vivo DHA-response profiles from Cameroonian isolates.Malaria Journal,15(1): 572.

    Miller LH, Su XZ. 2011. Artemisinin: discovery from the Chinese herbal garden.Cell,146(6): 855–858.

    Noedl H, Se Y, Schaecher K, Smith BL, Socheat D, Fukuda MM. 2008.Evidence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in western Cambodia.The New England Journal of Medicine,359(24): 2619–2620.

    Phyo AP, Nkhoma S, Stepniewska K, Ashley EA, Nair S, McGready R, ler Moo C, Al-Saai S, Dondorp AM, Lwin KM, Singhasivanon P, Day NPJ,White NJ, Anderson TJC, Nosten F. 2012. Emergence of artemisininresistant malaria on the western border of Thailand: a longitudinal study.The Lancet,379(9830): 1960–1966.

    Saralamba S, Pan-Ngum W, Maude RJ, Lee SJ, Tarning J, Lindeg?rdh N,Chotivanich K, Nosten F, Day NPJ, Socheat D, White NJ, Dondorp AM,

    White LJ. 2011. Intrahost modeling of artemisinin resistance inPlasmodium falciparum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(1): 397–402.

    Snow RW, Trape JF, Marsh K. 2001. The past, present and future of childhood malaria mortality in Africa.Trends in Parasitology,17(12): 593–597.

    Teuscher F, Gatton ML, Chen N, Peters J, Kyle DE, Cheng Q. 2010.Artemisinin-induced dormancy inPlasmodium falciparum: duration, recovery rates, and implications in treatment failure.The Journal of Infectious Diseases,202(9): 1362–1368.

    Trape JF, Pison G, Preziosi MP, Enel C, du Lo? AD, Delaunay V, Samb B,Lagarde E, Molez JF, Simondon F. 1998. Impact of chloroquine resistance on malaria mortality.Comptes Rendusde l'Académie Des Sciences-Series III-Sciences de la Vie,321(8): 689–697.

    Wang ZL, Wang YN, Cabrera M, Zhang YM, Gupta B, Wu YR, Kemirembe K, Hu Y, Liang XY, Brashear A, Shrestha S, Li XL, Miao J, Sun XD, Yang ZQ, Cui LW. 2015. Artemisinin resistance at the China-Myanmar border and association with mutations in the K13 propeller gene.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,59(11): 6952–6959.

    WHO. 2017. World Malaria Report 2017. Geneva, Switzerland: World

    Health Organization.

    Witkowski B, Amaratunga C, Khim N, Sreng S, Chim P, Kim S, Lim P, Mao S, Sopha C, Sam B, Anderson JM, Duong S, Chuor CM, Taylor WRJ, Suon S, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Fairhurst RM, Menard D. 2013a. Novel phenotypic assays for the detection of artemisinin-resistantPlasmodium falciparummalaria in Cambodia: in-vitro and ex-vivo drug-response studies.The Lancet. Infectious Diseases,13(12): 1043–1049.

    Witkowski B, Khim N, Chim P, Kim S, Ke S, Kloeung N, Chy S, Duong S,Leang R, Ringwald P, Dondorp AM, Tripura R, Benoit-Vical F, Berry A,Gorgette O, Ariey F, Barale JC, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Menard D.2013b.Reduced artemisinin susceptibility ofPlasmodium falciparumring stages in western Cambodia.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,57(2): 914–923.Woodrow CJ, White NJ. 2017. The clinical impact of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and the potential for future spread.FEMS Microbiology Reviews,41(1): 34–48.

    Zhang YM, Wu YR, Hu Y, Wang LQ, Ruan YH, Ma N, Li SM, Wang YN, Jia DD, Xiang Z, Yang ZQ. 2016.In vitrosusceptibility ofPlasmodium falciparumto artemisinin drugs and K13-Propeller polymorphisms at the China-Myanmar border.Chinese Journal of Zoonoses,32(3): 219–223. (in Chinese)

    淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 毛片一级片免费看久久久久| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站| 亚洲无线在线观看| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 简卡轻食公司| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 性欧美人与动物交配| 国产精品伦人一区二区| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| 18+在线观看网站| 色5月婷婷丁香| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 深夜a级毛片| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 有码 亚洲区| 国产高清有码在线观看视频| 成人av在线播放网站| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 一卡2卡三卡四卡精品乱码亚洲| av在线老鸭窝| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 不卡一级毛片| eeuss影院久久| 有码 亚洲区| 国产三级在线视频| 三级男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av天美| 精品熟女少妇av免费看| 大香蕉久久网| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| 美女大奶头视频| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 熟女电影av网| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 国产精品久久视频播放| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添av毛片| 插逼视频在线观看| 一区福利在线观看| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 热99re8久久精品国产| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 高清毛片免费看| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 99久国产av精品| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 成人高潮视频无遮挡免费网站| 国内精品美女久久久久久| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 色播亚洲综合网| 能在线免费观看的黄片| 精品久久久噜噜| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放 | 亚洲人成网站在线播放欧美日韩| 国产午夜精品久久久久久一区二区三区 | 亚洲av二区三区四区| 亚洲成人久久性| 精品国产三级普通话版| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| 久久久国产成人免费| 国产91av在线免费观看| 国产精品亚洲美女久久久| 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在 | 色视频www国产| 久久午夜福利片| 99热这里只有是精品在线观看| 国产在视频线在精品| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 全区人妻精品视频| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 久久精品影院6| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 国产美女午夜福利| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 国产成人freesex在线 | 一夜夜www| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 1000部很黄的大片| 热99在线观看视频| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 国产 一区 欧美 日韩| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 国产中年淑女户外野战色| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 神马国产精品三级电影在线观看| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 色综合色国产| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 免费看a级黄色片| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 一级黄色大片毛片| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| ponron亚洲| 色5月婷婷丁香| 美女内射精品一级片tv| 国产一区二区亚洲精品在线观看| 免费不卡的大黄色大毛片视频在线观看 | 又黄又爽又免费观看的视频| 亚洲性久久影院| 日韩欧美在线乱码| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 国产淫片久久久久久久久| 天天躁日日操中文字幕| 嫩草影院新地址| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 久久中文看片网| 色噜噜av男人的天堂激情| 国产精品福利在线免费观看| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠久久av| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx在线观看| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 晚上一个人看的免费电影| av在线亚洲专区| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 日韩国内少妇激情av| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 免费看光身美女| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 亚洲国产欧美人成| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看 | av免费在线看不卡| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 成人鲁丝片一二三区免费| 91在线观看av| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 亚洲内射少妇av| 国产亚洲精品久久久com| 久久久久性生活片| 国产成人一区二区在线| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 欧美性感艳星| 国产精品久久久久久久久免| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 欧美xxxx性猛交bbbb| 国产高清三级在线| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| av在线天堂中文字幕| 精品一区二区三区视频在线| 中出人妻视频一区二区| av卡一久久| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 国产 一区 欧美 日韩| 91精品国产九色| 亚洲精品456在线播放app| 色视频www国产| 淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 久久久久久久久久久丰满| 免费看av在线观看网站| 久久久久久伊人网av| 18禁裸乳无遮挡免费网站照片| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 少妇的逼水好多| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 97热精品久久久久久| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 18禁在线播放成人免费| av在线播放精品| av免费在线看不卡| www日本黄色视频网| 搡老岳熟女国产| 少妇丰满av| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| www日本黄色视频网| 搡老岳熟女国产| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 深夜精品福利| 国产成人影院久久av| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 香蕉av资源在线| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 99热精品在线国产| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 99热6这里只有精品| 中文资源天堂在线| 免费观看在线日韩| 自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇| 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 一级毛片aaaaaa免费看小| 此物有八面人人有两片| 九九热线精品视视频播放| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 欧美激情在线99| 日本黄色片子视频| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 免费av毛片视频| 国产精品一区www在线观看| 成人高潮视频无遮挡免费网站| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 麻豆av噜噜一区二区三区| 看免费成人av毛片| 亚洲18禁久久av| 一级黄片播放器| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 国产 一区精品| 性插视频无遮挡在线免费观看| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 日本免费a在线| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| eeuss影院久久| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 国内精品久久久久精免费| ponron亚洲| 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 又爽又黄无遮挡网站| 黄色配什么色好看| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添av毛片| 久久久精品94久久精品| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看| 国产爱豆传媒在线观看| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 如何舔出高潮| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久| 日本五十路高清| 日本一二三区视频观看| 久久久久久国产a免费观看| 国内精品宾馆在线| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 亚洲av成人av| 天堂影院成人在线观看| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 国产老妇女一区| 色综合站精品国产| 免费观看的影片在线观看| 一级av片app| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址| 午夜影院日韩av| 99久久精品热视频| 97热精品久久久久久| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 午夜福利高清视频| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 国产精品99久久久久久久久| 免费av毛片视频| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 日韩一区二区视频免费看| av在线观看视频网站免费| 久久久久久久午夜电影| 国产单亲对白刺激| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 一区二区三区四区激情视频 | 热99re8久久精品国产| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| av视频在线观看入口| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 欧美成人a在线观看| 好男人在线观看高清免费视频| 高清日韩中文字幕在线| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 精品国产三级普通话版| 亚洲国产欧美人成| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 午夜久久久久精精品| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 欧美一区二区亚洲| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 少妇丰满av| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 精品一区二区三区人妻视频| 天天躁日日操中文字幕| 一个人看视频在线观看www免费| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 国产大屁股一区二区在线视频| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 欧美xxxx性猛交bbbb| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| a级毛片a级免费在线| 亚洲最大成人手机在线| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看 | 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 91精品国产九色| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看 | 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看| 99视频精品全部免费 在线| 男人舔奶头视频| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 亚洲内射少妇av| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人| 乱系列少妇在线播放| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| 真实男女啪啪啪动态图| 黄色日韩在线| 亚洲精品一区av在线观看| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 中文字幕免费在线视频6| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 精品久久久久久久久av| 亚洲不卡免费看| 不卡一级毛片| 性插视频无遮挡在线免费观看| 赤兔流量卡办理| 国内揄拍国产精品人妻在线| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 99热精品在线国产| 在线免费观看的www视频| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 免费av不卡在线播放| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 久久久久久九九精品二区国产| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 我要看日韩黄色一级片| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 99热网站在线观看| eeuss影院久久| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 久久久久国内视频| 看黄色毛片网站| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 免费看日本二区| 国产成人一区二区在线| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久| 我的女老师完整版在线观看| 亚洲18禁久久av| 毛片女人毛片| 成年免费大片在线观看| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 一级毛片aaaaaa免费看小| 黄色配什么色好看| 国产高清激情床上av| 国产高清有码在线观看视频| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 色5月婷婷丁香| 国产午夜精品久久久久久一区二区三区 | a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 18禁裸乳无遮挡免费网站照片| 最近在线观看免费完整版| 成人综合一区亚洲| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 国产伦精品一区二区三区四那| 最新中文字幕久久久久| 免费观看的影片在线观看| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 露出奶头的视频| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 插逼视频在线观看| 18禁在线无遮挡免费观看视频 | 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 欧美xxxx黑人xx丫x性爽| 伦精品一区二区三区| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 级片在线观看| 亚洲精品成人久久久久久| 1024手机看黄色片| 国产成人freesex在线 | 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说 | av在线天堂中文字幕| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看| avwww免费| 免费在线观看成人毛片| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 国产成人影院久久av| 熟女电影av网| 亚洲精品影视一区二区三区av| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| av免费在线看不卡| 老司机福利观看| 欧美又色又爽又黄视频| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线 | 久久中文看片网| 国产成人aa在线观看| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| 综合色av麻豆| 亚洲久久久久久中文字幕| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 国产三级中文精品| 亚洲国产色片| 日韩一本色道免费dvd| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 一级av片app| 18禁黄网站禁片免费观看直播| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 久久久久久久久久久丰满| 香蕉av资源在线| 淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 久久精品影院6| 国产欧美日韩精品一区二区| 99久久精品热视频| 成人鲁丝片一二三区免费| 不卡一级毛片| 成人午夜高清在线视频| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 色在线成人网| 亚洲最大成人手机在线| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看| 亚洲自偷自拍三级| 日本一本二区三区精品| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 成人欧美大片| a级毛片a级免费在线| av在线亚洲专区| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看 | 一区福利在线观看| 欧美xxxx性猛交bbbb| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 亚洲精品国产成人久久av| 亚洲图色成人| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 波野结衣二区三区在线| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 国产亚洲精品综合一区在线观看| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| 亚洲成人中文字幕在线播放| 国产视频内射| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 男插女下体视频免费在线播放| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 综合色av麻豆| 成人精品一区二区免费| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 午夜精品一区二区三区免费看| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| 老师上课跳d突然被开到最大视频| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放 | 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线 | 一区二区三区免费毛片| 中文字幕av成人在线电影| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 国产伦精品一区二区三区视频9| 联通29元200g的流量卡| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 成年女人看的毛片在线观看| 99热全是精品| 国产精品av视频在线免费观看| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 日本免费a在线| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看 | 麻豆国产av国片精品| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 国产综合懂色| 久久久精品94久久精品| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 国产一区二区亚洲精品在线观看| 少妇高潮的动态图| 国产精品一区www在线观看| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 国产成人a区在线观看| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 国产久久久一区二区三区| 国产一区二区亚洲精品在线观看| 少妇高潮的动态图| 国产成人aa在线观看| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 亚洲三级黄色毛片| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 在现免费观看毛片| 国产一区二区三区av在线 | 不卡一级毛片| 极品教师在线视频| 九色成人免费人妻av| 黄色一级大片看看| 麻豆国产av国片精品| www日本黄色视频网| 成人综合一区亚洲| 欧美激情在线99| 91久久精品电影网| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 国国产精品蜜臀av免费| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 久久国产乱子免费精品| 国产综合懂色| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 国产免费一级a男人的天堂| 日本欧美国产在线视频| 成人无遮挡网站| 99热全是精品| 美女黄网站色视频| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| or卡值多少钱| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久毛片| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 国产不卡一卡二| 性欧美人与动物交配| www日本黄色视频网| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 久久久久九九精品影院| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 日本免费a在线| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 99热这里只有是精品50| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 97热精品久久久久久| 国产三级在线视频| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看 | 免费人成在线观看视频色| 国产精品久久久久久av不卡| 黄色日韩在线| 色视频www国产| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| 亚洲人成网站在线播| 成人国产麻豆网| 久99久视频精品免费| 亚洲最大成人中文| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影 | 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频 | 亚洲乱码一区二区免费版| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 久久久久久久亚洲中文字幕| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| av国产免费在线观看| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 免费av不卡在线播放| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 夜夜看夜夜爽夜夜摸| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 中文字幕av成人在线电影| 日本黄色片子视频| av中文乱码字幕在线| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 美女内射精品一级片tv| 国内精品美女久久久久久| 国产精品久久视频播放| av.在线天堂| 毛片女人毛片| 此物有八面人人有两片| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区|