Unit 1

1. lead to

lead to 通向；導(dǎo)致

lead... to （some place） 帶領(lǐng)……去（某地）

lead... to do =cause... to do 致使……做

lead to sb. doing sth.= result in sb. doing sth.導(dǎo)致……做

例句：

① All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

② Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads. 降低限速應(yīng)該可以減少道路事故造成的死亡。

③ The waiter led us to our table. 服務(wù)員領(lǐng)我們到我們的餐桌。

④ What led you to believe this？ 是什么讓你相信這件事的？

2. intend v. 想要；計(jì)劃

intend sb. / sth. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事

intend to do sth. / intend doing sth. 打算/想要做某事

be intended to do sth. 目的是，旨在

be intended for 為……準(zhǔn)備

intentionn. 目的，意圖

with the intention of 帶著……目的

例句：

① 他打算讓他的兒子接管他的生意。

He intends to let his son take over his business.

② 這本字典是給小孩用的。

This dictionary is intended for children.

3. put pressure on

put pressure on sb. （to do sth.） 迫使，促使

pressuren. 壓力； v. 迫使

under pressure 在壓力下；被迫

pressure sb. into doing / pressure sb. to do 迫使某人做某事

例句：

① The US government has been putting pressure on Iran these days. 這些天美國(guó)政府一直在給伊朗施壓。

② Some young people are pressured into staying at school. 一些年輕人被迫繼續(xù)待在學(xué)校里上學(xué)。

4. wrestle

wrestlevi. & vt. 摔跤；努力對(duì)付或解決

wrestle with sb. 與某人摔跤，與某人扭打

wrestle with sth. 努力對(duì)付或解決（難題、困難等）

wrestle to do sth. 努力做某事

例句：

① Armed guards wrestled with the intruder. 武裝警衛(wèi)和闖入者扭打起來。

② She spent the whole afternoon wrestling with the problem. 她整個(gè)下午都在絞盡腦汁處理這個(gè)問題。

③ He has been wrestling to raise money all year. 他一年來一直在想方設(shè)法籌集資金。

5. dilemma

dilemma n.（進(jìn)退兩難的）窘境，困境

例句：

① I am in a dilemma whether to do maths or English. 我左右為難，不知是做數(shù)學(xué)還是英語(yǔ)。

② The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth. 醫(yī)生為是否告訴病人真相左右為難。

6. beyond doubt

beyond doubt 毫無疑問= without doubt

beyondprep. 超出（……之外）；非……所能及；在（或向）……的那一邊

beyond repair 無法修復(fù)

beyond recognition 無法辨認(rèn)

beyond words 無法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)

beyond ones reach 某人夠不著

beyond sb. 某人難以想象、理解或做

例句：

① He is without / beyond doubt the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 他確實(shí)是我所教過的學(xué)生中最聰明的。

② The bicycle is beyond repair. 這輛自行車已不能修理了。

③ Its beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不能理解她為什么要和杰夫結(jié)婚。

④ Keep the medicine beyond childrens reach. 把藥放在孩子夠不到的地方。

7. either... or...

either... or...為并列連詞，連接句子中兩個(gè)并列的成分。當(dāng)它連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即要注意就近原則。除either... or...外，就近原則還適用于neither... nor...， not... but...， not only... but also...， there be等。

例句：

① When the girl is happy， she either sings or dances. 那個(gè)女孩高興時(shí)，不是唱歌就是跳舞。

② Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去。

③ Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅長(zhǎng)繪畫。

8. conventional

conventional adj. 傳統(tǒng)的，常規(guī)的，依照慣例的

convention n. 習(xí)俗，常規(guī)，慣例；大會(huì)，集會(huì)；公約，協(xié)定

例句：

① He is very conventional in his views. 他的觀點(diǎn)很守舊。

② Cakes produced with conventional methods taste more delicious. 用傳統(tǒng)方法制作的蛋糕更美味。

③ An annual convention was held in that company last Friday. 上周五公司召開了年會(huì)。

9. set... doing

set... doing 使……處于某種狀態(tài)

be set in 以……為背景

set about doing / sth. 著手做某事

set aside 把放到一邊；省出，留出

set back 耽擱；花費(fèi)；撥回

set down 放下；寫下；確定

set in 來臨；發(fā)作

set off 動(dòng)身；引爆；引起

set out 出發(fā)

set out to do sth. 著手做某事

set up 搭建；設(shè)立

例句：

① What he said set me thinking. 他的話使我陷入沉思。

② The novel was set in London in the 1840s. 這部小說是以19世紀(jì)的倫敦為背景的。

③ The snow this winter set back the building of our new house by two months. 今冬的一場(chǎng)雪使得我們新房子的修建推遲了兩個(gè)月。

④ That year， in memory of the famous poet， people set up a monument near where he was born. 那年，為紀(jì)念那位著名的詩(shī)人，人們?cè)谒募亦l(xiāng)建立了一座紀(jì)念碑。

⑤ After a weeks discussion， theyve set down Friday as the day for the celebration.經(jīng)過一周的討論，他們確定星期五舉行慶祝會(huì)。

10. put... into practice

put... into practice 實(shí)施，把……付諸實(shí)施

in practice 在實(shí)踐中；實(shí)際上

out of practice 久不練習(xí)

common practice 慣例；經(jīng)常的做法

practisev. 練習(xí)，操練

例句：

① She is determined to put her new ideas into practice. 她決定把她的新想法付諸實(shí)施。

② Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

③ We should spend as much time as we can practising speaking English if we want to improve. 如果我們要提高英語(yǔ)水平就要花盡可能多的時(shí)間練習(xí)。

11. on top of

on top of 在……上方；除……之外

at the top of 在……頂部

on top of the world 欣喜若狂

from top to bottom 從上到下，徹底地

from top to toe 從頭到腳，完全地

12. push for

push aside 不考慮，不去想

push for 迫切要求；努力爭(zhēng)取

push ahead with 堅(jiān)定推行

push through 使通過，使得到批準(zhǔn)

push back 推遲，延遲

push on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)（或進(jìn)行活動(dòng)）

例句：

① The government is pushing the changes through before the election. 政府正努力推動(dòng)，要在選舉前促成這些變革。

② Product innovation is the inner force to push ahead with enterprises development. 產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新是推動(dòng)企業(yè)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。

③ The start was pushed back from 2 to 4 in the afternoon. 出發(fā)時(shí)間由下午2點(diǎn)改為4點(diǎn)。

④ We rested for a while then pushed on to the next camp. 我們休息了一會(huì)兒然后朝下一個(gè)營(yíng)地前進(jìn)。

Unit 2

1. look at 思考，研究； 查看，檢查； 觀察，看待（事物）

look on 旁觀look up 查閱

look into調(diào)查look up to 尊敬

look down upon瞧不起look after 照看

look forward to 盼望；期待

look back on回顧look for尋找

look sb. in the eyes 直視某人

look through瀏覽

look out （for） 當(dāng)心，小心

look around 環(huán)顧四周

例句：

① The implications of the new law will need to be looked at. 新法規(guī)可能造成的影響需要研究一下。

② The Americans look at life differently from the British. 美國(guó)人和英國(guó)人對(duì)生活持不同的看法。

③ She looks down upon people who dont study hard. 她瞧不起學(xué)習(xí)不努力的人。

④ We are really looking forward to seeing you again. 我們真的非常盼望能再見到你。

2. move

on the move 在行進(jìn)中，在移動(dòng)中； 繁忙的，活躍的； 快速發(fā)展

make a move 動(dòng)身，開始行動(dòng)

make the first move 搶先行動(dòng)；搶占先機(jī)

例句：

① Well be on the move next week， so we wont be able to help you. 我們下周搬家，所以幫不了你了。

② Hes always on the move and never has time to rest. 他一直在忙，都沒有時(shí)間休息。

③ Its an industry on the move. 這是一個(gè)迅速發(fā)展的行業(yè)。

3. head vi.

headvi. 朝……行進(jìn)（與for， towards， across連用）；負(fù)責(zé)， 主管； 在頂端；位于隊(duì)伍之首，帶領(lǐng)

例句：

① The ship was heading for Shanghai. 船正開往上海。

② Its about time we were heading home.我們?cè)搫?dòng)身回家了。

③ She has been appointed to head the research team. 她受命領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究小組。

4. make up 編造； 編寫；給……化妝；補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)回； 組成，構(gòu)成

注意下面例句中make up的含義

① He made up some excuse about the dog eating his homework. 編造

② They made up a little poem and wrote it on the card. 編寫

③ They made my face up to look like a clown. 給……化妝

④ Sorry， Im late； Ill make up the time this evening. 補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)回

⑤ Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce. 組成，構(gòu)成

⑥ This book is made up of twelve separate short stories. 由……組成

5. tough

① 艱難的；棘手的

Shes been having a tough time of it （= a lot of problems） lately. 她最近的日子一直很難熬。

He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far. 他面臨迄今為止對(duì)自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。

② 嚴(yán)格的；堅(jiān)定的～ （on / with sb. / sth.）

Its about time teachers started to get tough with bullies. 現(xiàn)在教師該對(duì)橫行霸道的學(xué)生開始采取嚴(yán)厲措施了。

The school takes a tough line on （= punishes severely） cheating. 學(xué)校對(duì)作弊行為的懲罰很嚴(yán)厲。

③ 強(qiáng)壯的，有主見的

Hes not tough enough for a career in sales. 他干推銷這一行缺少足夠的韌勁。

Shes a tough cookie / customer. 她是個(gè)有主見的人。

④（人）剽悍的；粗暴的；粗野的

He plays the tough guy in the movie. 他在電影中扮演硬漢。

⑤ 不易損壞的

He has a tough pair of shoes. 他有一雙結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子。

⑥ （as） tough as old boots / （as） tough as nails 堅(jiān)韌不拔；不為所動(dòng)

6. slip

slip vi. 滑行；滑跤；滑落，滑掉，松脫；溜；悄悄走；

（時(shí)間）不知不覺地過去；

（健康等）變壞；下降；匆忙地穿（或脫）；

無意中講出；泄漏

n. 滑動(dòng)；滑跤；失足；下降；疏忽；錯(cuò)誤

slip ones mind 遺忘

a slip of tongue 口誤

例句：

① He woke to find that his quilt had slipped off the bed. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)被子從床上滑下來了。

② I didnt mean to say that： it just slipped out. 我不是有意說出來的，是無意中講出來的。

③ He slipped into his coat and went out. 他迅速穿好上衣，出去了。

④ There has been a slip in the quality of your work. 你的工作質(zhì)量有所下降。

⑤ Her name completely slipped my mind. 我完全忘記了她的名字。

7. sense

make sense of 理解，明白

make no sense 沒道理，沒意義

there is no sense in doing something 做……沒意義

in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來說

in no sense 絕不

a sense of humor 幽默感

common sense 常識(shí)

come to ones senses 醒過來

bring sb. to his senses 使某人醒過來

例句：

① It would make sense to leave early. 早點(diǎn)離開是明智的。

② In no sense can you lie to your parents. 你絕不能向父母撒謊。

③ You are right in a sense， but you dont know all the facts. 某種意義上你是對(duì)的，但是你并不知情。

④ There is no sense in criticizing him. 批評(píng)他毫無意義。

8. accountant （n.） 會(huì)計(jì)，會(huì)計(jì)師

accountv. 說明，解釋，報(bào)告

n. 解釋、說明；賬戶；敘述、報(bào)道

account for 解釋/說明是……原因； 占比例

on account of 因?yàn)椤⒂捎?/p>

on no account 絕不

take... into account = take account of... 對(duì)……加以考慮

give a vivid account of 生動(dòng)地?cái)⑹觥?/p>

open a bank account 開銀行賬戶

例句：

① The poor weather may account for his absence from the party. 天氣不好可能是他缺席晚會(huì)的原因。

② Students account for 35percent of our customers.學(xué)生占了我們顧客中的35%。

③ On no account shall we lose the awareness of protecting our environment. 我們絕不能喪失環(huán)境保護(hù)的意識(shí)。

④ The train was delayed on account of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天氣火車晚點(diǎn)。

⑤ I paid the money into my bank account this morning. 今天早上我把錢存入銀行賬戶。

9. refer to的用法

① “查閱”或“參考”；

② “談到”或“提到”；

③ “適用于”或“涉及到”。

例句：

① If you want to know his telephone number， you may refer to the telephone directory.如果你想知道他的電話號(hào)碼，你可以查電話簿。

② Please dont refer to his past again. 請(qǐng)別再提他的往事了。

③ The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 戰(zhàn)士談到了長(zhǎng)征時(shí)的一些經(jīng)歷。

④ These books refer to Asian problems. 這些書涉及到亞洲問題。

10. lead to 導(dǎo)致 = result in / contribute to

lead to （ones doing） sth. 導(dǎo)致，造成；通向

lead sb. to （sth.） 使得出（觀點(diǎn)）；引導(dǎo)（某人）

lead sb. to do sth. 帶領(lǐng)某人做某事

例句：

① Eating too much sugar can lead to health problem. 食用過多的糖會(huì)引起健康問題。

② This road will lead you to the parking lot. 這條路會(huì)把你引到停車場(chǎng)。

③ The accident led to two deaths and twelve people missing. 這起事故導(dǎo)致兩人死亡，十二人失蹤。

（作者：殷華新，泰州市第三高級(jí)中學(xué)）