蔣金柱++熊鑫++郭名靜++馮國利
摘要:針對牛鞭效應帶來供應鏈負面波動影響的問題,提出了基于信息共享策略的供應鏈定價決策模型。通過構(gòu)建針對不同信息共享策略中零售集團和上游供應商的最優(yōu)定價決策方案,比較分析了庫存因素對供應商收益的影響,優(yōu)化了最優(yōu)定價決策模型,并給出了零售集團、供應商和聯(lián)盟整體收益最大化下的信息成本的控制范圍。文章結(jié)果表明,零售商和供應商決策者必須綜合考慮共享需求信息成本和供應商的庫存費用成本,才有依據(jù)進一步權(quán)衡不同信息共享措施的優(yōu)劣,以實現(xiàn)“雙贏”的供應鏈網(wǎng)絡整體優(yōu)化目標。
Abstract: Aimed at the problem in negative swings in the supply chain with the bullwhip effect, this paper puts forward the pricing decision model of supply chain based on information sharing strategies. By building for retail group, and the upstream supplier's olyptimal pricing decision scheme during different information sharing strategies, the impact of inventory on supplier returns is comparatively analyzed, the optimal pricing decision model is optimized, and gives the retail group, suppliers and alliance under the overall revenue maximization of information cost control. The results show that policy makers of retailers and suppliers must be taken into account the cost of sharing demand information and the cost of the supplier inventory costs, then have the basis to further weigh the merits of different information sharing measures to achieve "win-win" in the overall supply chain network optimization target.
關(guān)鍵詞:供應鏈;牛鞭效應;博弈模型;信息共享
Key words: supply-chain;bullwhip effect;game model;information sharing
中圖分類號:F224 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-4311(2017)08-0069-03
0 引言
在供應鏈中,下游微小的市場波動都有可能造成上游制造商制造計劃的極大不確定性,即牛鞭效應,這是供應鏈內(nèi)理性參與人各自效用最大化的博弈結(jié)果[1]。牛鞭效應產(chǎn)生的原因比較多,比如預計供應量小于銷售商實際的總需求量,限量供應之下導致銷售商之間的博弈;批量訂貨方式和市場價格的上下波動;供應鏈內(nèi)部信息不對稱,造成供需信號偏差等[2]。為了控制牛鞭效應的負面影響,有必要按照市場要求科學地協(xié)調(diào)供應鏈中的上、下游企業(yè)的行為,而協(xié)調(diào)方法已成為目前學術(shù)領(lǐng)域和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域共同關(guān)注的一項重點課題。