潘廣杰,張守彥,馬惠芳,金 軍,李松森
非ST段抬高型急性冠脈綜合征的冠狀動(dòng)脈造影影響因素
潘廣杰,張守彥,馬惠芳,金 軍,李松森
目的 分析非ST段抬高型急性冠脈綜合征(NSTE-ACS)患者選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素。方法回顧性收集2008年1月至2015年12月在我院出院的NSTE-ACS患者的臨床資料,分為冠狀動(dòng)脈造影組與非造影組,比較兩組間一般資料,多因素Logistic回歸分析影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的因素。結(jié)果 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影組214例與非冠狀動(dòng)脈造影261例相比,男性、吸煙、心功能Ⅱ級(jí)比例較高,年齡、肌酐水平偏低。兩組間高血壓、糖尿病、陳舊性心肌梗死/經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療、空腹血糖、甘油三酯水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示男性、年齡、心功能Ⅱ級(jí)、肌酐水平是選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素。結(jié)論 本組NSTE-ACS患者冠狀動(dòng)脈造影率為45%,年齡、男性、心功能Ⅱ級(jí)、肌酐水平是選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素。
急性冠脈綜合征;冠狀動(dòng)脈造影;心功能分級(jí);年齡;男性
冠狀動(dòng)脈造影是診斷冠心病的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1]。由于其費(fèi)用較高、輻射量大、有一定的手術(shù)并發(fā)癥,因此臨床醫(yī)師盡可能地選擇合適的患者進(jìn)行造影檢查,提高診斷陽性率[2-3]。歐洲心臟病協(xié)會(huì)非ST段抬高型急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征(non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome,NSTE-ACS)指南建議對(duì)冠心病疑似患者進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)分層,低危患者隨診觀察,中?;颊咝羞\(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷試驗(yàn),高?;颊咧苯庸跔顒?dòng)脈造影檢查[4]。然而,臨床實(shí)踐中,老年患者日趨增多,年齡因素干擾危險(xiǎn)分層的判定,而且運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)在老年患者中開展受阻[5]。作者回顧性分析我院NSTE-ACS患者的臨床資料,探討選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查的影響因素,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 2008年1月至2015年12月在鄭州大學(xué)附屬洛陽市中心醫(yī)院,以不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛或非ST段抬高型心肌梗死為主要診斷的住院患者。每月出院的前5例,每年共60例,共收集480例,因部分病例數(shù)據(jù)缺失最終收集475例。
1.2 研究方法 收集性別、年齡、病史(高血壓、糖尿病、高脂血癥、腦卒中、陳舊性心肌梗塞(old myocardial infarction,OMI)、經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)、冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)、慢性腎臟病、吸煙、飲酒)、血脂、血糖、肌酐、心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTNI)、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果等資料。不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛患者的心功能分級(jí)采用NYHA分級(jí),急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的心功能分級(jí)為Killip分級(jí)。因心功能IV級(jí)人數(shù)較少,將其納入Ⅲ級(jí)組。以冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄大于50%作為冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]。將入選者分為冠狀動(dòng)脈造影組和非造影組,比較兩組基線資料,使用多因素Logistic回歸分析影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影因素。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 正態(tài)分布的連續(xù)性變量,使用t檢驗(yàn),分類資料使用χ2檢驗(yàn)。多因素Logistic回歸分析冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素。P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
本組共475例,年齡(64±12)歲,最小30歲,最大92歲。其中,男性237例(49.89%)。不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛患者386例(81.26%),急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者89例(18.74%),兩者之比為4∶1。死亡5例,院內(nèi)死亡率1.05%,均發(fā)生在非造影組。其中1例心臟破裂,1例室顫,1例室速,2例合并房顫。冠狀動(dòng)脈造影45.05%(214/475)和非冠狀動(dòng)脈造影組54.94%(261/475)一般資料比較,見表1。
冠狀動(dòng)脈造影組中109例行經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療,另外105例未行介入治療。未介入治療患者中,42例冠狀動(dòng)脈造影正常,63例至少單支冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄50%以上。冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性率為80.37%。
將表1指標(biāo)進(jìn)行多因素Logistic回歸分析,男性、年齡、心功能分級(jí)、肌酐水平是選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素(見表2)。
項(xiàng) 目造影組(n=214)非造影組(n=261)t/χ2P年齡/歲61.4±11.766.8±12.34.8900.001男性127(59.34)110(42.30)13.9150.001高血壓112(52.34)142(54.41)0.2020.653糖尿病20(9.35)13(4.98)3.4660.063陳舊性心肌梗死5(2.34)13(4.98)2.2550.133PCI史7(3.27)21(8.04)4.8330.028腦梗死13(6.07)27(10.34)2.7800.095吸煙39(18.22)25(9.58)10.2510.006肌酐/(μmoll·L-1)71.7±18.4083.2±67.902.3450.019空腹血糖/(mmoll·L-1)6.20±2.306.44±3.100.9490.343甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1)1.87±1.201.73±1.14-1.160.246LDL/(mmol·L-1)2.61±0.772.56±0.81-0.7350.463HDL/(mmol·L-1)1.15±0.311.31±1.401.5400.124不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛169(78.97)220(84.29)2.2440.134心功能分級(jí)14.0940.001Ⅰ124(57.94)150(57.47)Ⅱ86(40.19)85(32.57)Ⅲ4(1.87)26(9.97)
注:PCI:經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療。LDL:低密度脂蛋白;HDL:高密度脂蛋白。
表2 多因素Logistic回歸分析冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的影響因素
本組回顧性分析近8 a的NSTE-ACS患者的臨床資料,能一定程度地反映實(shí)際臨床診療情況。依據(jù)時(shí)間順序,抽取每月出院的前5例病例資料,樣本具有較強(qiáng)的代表性。研究結(jié)果顯示214例接受冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,占45.05%,但是172例患者至少單支冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄大于50%,即冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性率較高,占80.37%。
美國(guó)國(guó)家心血管病注冊(cè)研究中納入了663家醫(yī)院,共398 978例未確診冠心病的患者,結(jié)果顯示冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性率為37.6%[6]。另一項(xiàng)研究納入691家PCI中心的醫(yī)院,共565 504例擇期冠狀動(dòng)脈造影患者(除外已確診冠心病),數(shù)據(jù)顯示冠心病陽性率為23%~100%(中位數(shù)為45%,四分位間距39%~52%)[7]。其中91家(13%)醫(yī)院冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化陽性率小于35%,而82家(12%)醫(yī)院冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性診斷率大于75%。本研究中冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性率接近上述研究的較高水平。這說明對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影指征的把握、控制較為嚴(yán)格。臨床實(shí)踐中應(yīng)盡可能選取有危險(xiǎn)因素、冠心病易患人群或心絞痛癥狀典型患者行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查[4]。
本組多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示年齡、男性、心功能分級(jí)、肌酐水平是影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的因素。首先,本研究匯總55~75歲較其他年齡段更易接受冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查。這一年齡階段是冠心病發(fā)病高危人群,該年齡段進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療的獲益多,并發(fā)癥相對(duì)少[8]。而在更高齡患者中,其合并癥多,冠狀動(dòng)脈造影術(shù)后不良事件增多[9]。其次,心功能分級(jí)也是影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的重要因素。本研究顯示心功能Ⅱ級(jí)以上患者更容易選擇進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查。這與歐洲心臟病學(xué)會(huì)指南推薦一致,心功能Ⅱ級(jí)以上患者勞累時(shí)心肌缺血癥狀加重,休息時(shí)緩解,是冠狀動(dòng)脈造影陽性的有效預(yù)測(cè)因子[4]。最后,肌酐水平較高者,較少選擇進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查。這可能與腎功能不全患者,造影劑腎病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加相關(guān)[10]。
本研究分析了影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的因素,以期對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影患者提供指導(dǎo)性意見。本組回顧性分析近8 a的NSTE-ACS患者臨床病例資料,冠狀動(dòng)脈造影率為45%,年齡、男性、心功能Ⅱ級(jí)、肌酐水平是影響選擇冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的因素。由于樣本量的限制,部分患者病情危重需臥床休息,無法獲得體質(zhì)量,進(jìn)一步計(jì)算肌酐清除率,以評(píng)估肌酐水平對(duì)NSTE-ACS患者的影響。
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Related Factors of Elective Coronary Angiography in Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevated of Acute Coronary Syndrome
PAN Guang-jie, ZHANG Shou-yan, MA Hui-fang, JIN Jun, LI Song-sen
(Luoyang Center Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University,Luoyang 471000,China)
ObjectiveTo analyze related factors of elective coronary angiography in patients with non-ST segment elevated of acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).MethodsThe clinical data of NSTE-ACS patients were collected in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2015. The clinical information between coronary angiography group(n=214) and non coronary angiography group(n=261) were compared. The association factors of elective coronary angiography in multiple logistic regression mode were analyzed.ResultsCompared to non coronary angiography group(261 cases),the coronary angiography group(214 cases) had higher percentage of male,smoking and cardiac function grade Ⅱ,but had younger age and lower serum creatinine level. The percentage of hypertension,diabetes, chronic myocardial infarction/percutaneous coronary intervention, and fasting blood glucose, triglycerides level were no significantly statistic difference between the two groups. The male, age, cardiac function grade Ⅱ,and serum creatinine level were influence factors of elective coronary angiography in the multiple logistic regression mode.ConclusionThe elective coronary angiography rate was 45 percent in NSTE-ACS patients in our hospital.The male, age, cardiac function grade,and serum creatinine level were influence factors of elective coronary angiography.
acute coronary syndrom;coronary angiography;cardiac function classification;age;male
1672-688X(2017)01-0035-03
10.15926/j.cnki.issn1672-688x.2017.01.011
2016-12-17
鄭州大學(xué)附屬洛陽市中心醫(yī)院,河南洛陽 471000
潘廣杰(1971—),男,河南汝州人,副主任醫(yī)師,從事心血管介入工作。
R543.3
B