辛獻(xiàn)云
近來,“套路”一詞風(fēng)靡網(wǎng)絡(luò),紅極一時,無論網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體還是傳統(tǒng)平面媒體都以使用該詞為時髦。今天,我們就來探討一下“套路”翻譯的套路。
其實(shí),“套路”并不是新詞,它在漢語中早已存在。據(jù)《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》(第7版)解釋,“套路”有兩層意義:一是指“編制成套的武術(shù)動作”,如“散打套路”“太極拳套路”等;二是指“傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)、方式、方法等”,如“突破傳統(tǒng)套路的華僑城”。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)競技游戲的流行,該詞被賦予了全新的意義,用來形容精心策劃的一套戰(zhàn)法、計劃。后來又被網(wǎng)民賦予了更新的意義,用來指某種模式化的花招、把戲,在社交媒體中迅速傳播開來,并擴(kuò)散到網(wǎng)絡(luò)和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的方方面面。各種標(biāo)新立異的“套路”層出不窮,如“自古真情留不住,只有套路得人心”“城市套路深,我要回農(nóng)村”“少一點(diǎn)套路,多一份真誠”等等,用來表達(dá)人們幽默、諷刺、戲謔等感情和心理,具有較強(qiáng)的娛樂色彩。
在傳統(tǒng)意義的“套路”中,“套”字是“成套”“成系統(tǒng)”的意思,但作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語的“套路”,“套”字更傾向于指“圈套”“老套”?!疤茁贰狈褐附?jīng)過精心編制的、具有欺騙性的說法或做法,與花招、把戲、伎倆、詭計、圈套、陷阱等詞的含義接近。傳統(tǒng)意義的“套路”屬于中性詞,沒有明顯的感情色彩,但表示“圈套”等意義的“套路”具有明顯的貶義,多帶有嘲諷、揶揄、戲謔的意味。目前,“套路”的三種意義同時并存,在翻譯時,我們要區(qū)別對待,以譯出其確切含義。
1. 編制成套的體育或武術(shù)動作
維基百科對武術(shù)或體育套路的解釋是:“The term taolu (套路) is a shortened version of Tao Lu Yun Dong (套路運(yùn)動), an expression introduced only recently with the popularity of modern wushu. This expression refers to ‘exercise sets and is used in the context of athletics or sport.”這種“套路”是指有系統(tǒng)的、成套的動作,可以譯為routine、set、system、series、pattern等,如:
①這是一套融合了手法、步法、腿法的綜合套路。
It is a comprehensive routine of hand techniques, footwork, and kicking techniques.
②跆拳道訓(xùn)練要求學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)套路中既優(yōu)雅又有力的踢腳、出拳和阻擋技巧。
Taekwondo training requires learning the graceful and powerful kicking, punching and blocking techniques practiced in traditional sets.
③作為具有創(chuàng)造力的動物,人任何時候都比武術(shù)招式或套路重要。
As a creative creature, man is always more important than any established style or system.
④“羅漢十八手”是少林拳術(shù)中較早的初級套路之一。
The Eighteen Arhat Skills are one of the first elementary boxing series in Shaolin Kungfu.
2. 辦法、程式、技巧等
這種“套路”可以指老辦法、舊程式、老一套的做法等,也可以指任何約定俗成的辦法、程式和技巧,可以根據(jù)上下文譯成the old style、routine、approach、pattern、strategy、conventional method等,如:
①中國對今年初發(fā)生在埃及的劇變的反應(yīng)依舊是典型的老套路。
Chinas response at the start of the year to the upheaval in Egypt was typical of the old style.
②我總是以同樣的套路給他們解答,結(jié)果也總是差不多。
Anyway, I kind of go through the same routine of advising, and the results are kind of the same.
③然而一直以來主流的機(jī)器人研發(fā)、人造生物、人工智能走的都是中樞指揮的套路。
Yet a centralized command blueprint has been the main approach to making robots, artificial creatures, and artificial intelligences.
④公眾對此種事件的反應(yīng)已然形成一個套路,剛開始是震驚和懷疑。
Public reaction has followed a pattern, beginning with shock and disbelief.
⑤對性別歧視的控訴已經(jīng)成了希拉里的一種逃避指責(zé)的慣用套路。
Charges of sexism have become Hillarys rote strategy for evading scrutiny.
⑥得了吧,我用尋常套路可永遠(yuǎn)也得不到這樣的女孩。
Oh, come on. I can never get a girl like that with conventional methods.
如果是指文學(xué)或藝術(shù)作品中的“套路”,則可用format、plot、stereotype、style、conventionality等詞語來表示,如:
⑦散文沒有現(xiàn)成的套路,追求一種自然之美。
There is no fixed format for prose, which pursues natural beauty.
⑧如果使用這個套路的話,故事的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)就在于靈光一現(xiàn)—突然一個很好的主意,然后便改變了一切。
In this plot, the turning point in the story is a eureka moment—when an idea comes to you and changes everything.
3. 花招、把戲、伎倆、詭計、圈套、陷阱等
這是“套路”產(chǎn)生的新的義項,通常用作名詞,也可用作動詞,如“我又被套路了”,以表達(dá)幽默、揶揄的色彩,通??筛鶕?jù)上下文翻譯成trick、trap、setup、strategy、gimmick、ruse等,如:
①她是怎么識破他的套路?
How did she see through his trick?
②別信他的話,都是套路。
Dont buy his words. You will fall into his trap.
③自古深情留不住,唯有套路得人心。
Love has always been betrayed by tricks/setups.
④我走過最遠(yuǎn)的路,就是你的套路。
The longest road Ive taken is the tricky way you set me up.
⑤她套路多(她是個“心機(jī)婊”)。
She is a strategy person.
⑥這一切都是商家賺錢的套路。
I think all of this is just a moneymaking gimmick.
⑦這又是玩套路,誘你點(diǎn)擊鏈接,閱讀文章。
That was just a ruse, to get you to click the link.
如果使用動詞,也可譯為play a trick on、pull a fast one on、play games with、has it all planned等,如:
⑧套路玩得深,誰把誰當(dāng)真。
You are so good at playing tricks; lets play together.
⑨你別想跟我玩套路。
Dont try to pull a fast one on me!
⑩別傻了,那都是他的“套路”。
Dont be silly. He has it all planned.
最后,讓我們希望這個世界“多一點(diǎn)真誠,少一點(diǎn)套路”,因?yàn)樘讈硖兹?,總有一天會把自己也套進(jìn)去。