盧樂(lè),孟小芬,屈平敏,白育花,李華,徐心
(西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 普通外科,陜西 西安 710004)
改良腸道準(zhǔn)備法在便秘患者腸鏡檢查中的應(yīng)用
盧樂(lè),孟小芬,屈平敏,白育花,李華,徐心
(西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 普通外科,陜西 西安 710004)
目的 評(píng)價(jià)改良腸道準(zhǔn)備法復(fù)方聚乙二醇電解質(zhì)散(SF-PEG,舒泰清)聯(lián)合硫酸鎂在便秘患者結(jié)腸鏡檢查腸道準(zhǔn)備的效果。方法取行結(jié)腸鏡腸道準(zhǔn)備的輕中度便秘患者60例,隨機(jī)分為兩組:A組,常規(guī)劑量SF-PEG(438.4 g,4 L),30例;B組,續(xù)服貫用SF-PEG(219.2 g,2 L)和硫酸鎂(50.00% 50 ml,再口服250 ml溫開(kāi)水),30例。Boston腸道準(zhǔn)備量表(BBPS)、腸腔內(nèi)氣泡評(píng)分和結(jié)腸鏡檢查時(shí)間由同一內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師單盲記錄,藥物耐受性、再次腸道準(zhǔn)備接受率和不良反應(yīng)采用患者問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。結(jié)果所有患者均完成腸道準(zhǔn)備和結(jié)腸鏡檢查。B組結(jié)腸鏡檢查時(shí)間短于A組(P <0.05);B組BBPS總分高于A組(P <0.05);B組腸腔內(nèi)氣泡評(píng)分明顯低于A組(P <0.05);B組再次腸道準(zhǔn)備接受率明顯高于A組(P <0.05)。A、B兩組口感和總體不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況評(píng)分無(wú)明顯差異(P >0.05)。結(jié)論應(yīng)用SF-PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂法,對(duì)輕中度便秘患者行結(jié)腸鏡檢查,具有耐受性好、清潔度高、鏡檢效果好和安全可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn),推薦臨床應(yīng)用。
復(fù)方聚乙二醇電解質(zhì)散;硫酸鎂;便秘;結(jié)腸鏡檢查;腸道準(zhǔn)備
便秘患者常伴有腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)異常和排空能力差,故行腸道準(zhǔn)備比較困難[1]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外常用的腸道準(zhǔn)備方式是口服復(fù)方聚乙二醇電解質(zhì)散(polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder,SF-PEG),對(duì)便秘患者行腸道準(zhǔn)備有許多缺點(diǎn),如口感差、服量大、腸道清潔度低和耗時(shí)長(zhǎng),更重要的是易漏檢微小病變[2-3]。國(guó)內(nèi)常用50.00%的硫酸鎂100 ml口服行腸道準(zhǔn)備[4]。為此,本研究采用SF-PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂對(duì)便秘患者行腸道準(zhǔn)備,克服了單用SF-PEG方案的諸多缺點(diǎn),提高患者的依從性,達(dá)到腸道清潔的效果。
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年10月7日-2016年10月31日在西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院普通外科擬行結(jié)腸鏡檢查的輕中度便秘患者60例(男26例,女34例),年齡21~83歲,平均年齡(49.1±12.9)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合羅馬Ⅲ便秘診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],無(wú)嚴(yán)重呼吸循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病,無(wú)腸炎病史,無(wú)放療化療病史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①重度便秘患者;②存在胃腸道梗阻、出血、穿孔、扭轉(zhuǎn)和嚴(yán)重腸炎等;③肝腎功能不全;④大量腹水;⑤妊娠期患者;⑤水電解質(zhì)紊亂;⑥對(duì)本研究藥物過(guò)敏;⑦近2年內(nèi)有腸道手術(shù)。
本研究經(jīng)西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審查并批準(zhǔn),所有患者均已簽署知情同意書(shū)。入組前后禁服用其他瀉藥。
根據(jù)納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共納入60例患者,A和B組各30例,均完成腸道準(zhǔn)備和全結(jié)腸鏡檢查,滿足腸鏡檢查需要。兩組間性別、年齡、體重和腹瀉便秘交替史等一般情況差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表 1 兩組患者一般情況Table 1 Baseline demographic variables and clinical characteristics between the two groups
1.2 方法
1.2.1 改良腸道準(zhǔn)備方案 符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的患者隨機(jī)分為A、B兩組。A組:按說(shuō)明將SF-PEG(商品名:舒泰清,舒泰神<北京>生物制藥股份有限公司,164.4 g/盒)438.4 g配成4 L溶液,4 h內(nèi)服完。
B組:SF-PEG 219.2 g配成2 L溶液,2 h內(nèi)服完,檢查前2 h服用硫酸鎂(先口服50.00%硫酸鎂50 ml,再口服250 ml溫水),至排出液似清水樣便后行結(jié)腸鏡檢查。
兩組患者檢查前1 d均進(jìn)少渣飲食,于結(jié)腸鏡檢查前6 h開(kāi)始服用不同方案溶液,當(dāng)天禁食至檢查完畢。
1.2.2 腸道準(zhǔn)備有效性評(píng)價(jià) 采用單盲法,由同一內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師記錄。按Boston腸道準(zhǔn)備評(píng)估量表(boston bowel preparation scale,BBPS)[6]將結(jié)直腸分為3段:回盲部至升結(jié)腸、橫結(jié)腸至降結(jié)腸和乙狀結(jié)腸至直腸,每段結(jié)腸評(píng)分為3分,總計(jì)9分。3分:腸道準(zhǔn)備良好,視野清晰,不影響進(jìn)鏡操作和觀察;2分:腸道準(zhǔn)備較好,視野尚清,負(fù)壓吸引后不影響觀察;1分:腸道準(zhǔn)備欠佳,視野模糊,不能順利進(jìn)鏡和觀察腸壁;0分:腸道準(zhǔn)備不佳,腸壁積滿糊狀便或糞水??傇u(píng)分在0~4分為腸道準(zhǔn)備質(zhì)量差,5~9分為腸道準(zhǔn)備質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良。腸腔內(nèi)氣泡:0分,無(wú);1分,少量;2分,較多;3分,大量。
1.2.3 耐受性和不良反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià) 耐受性用患者問(wèn)卷調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià),并且記錄再次腸道準(zhǔn)備接受率,其中前者包括腸道準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程感受(0分,無(wú)不適;1分,輕度不適;2分,可耐受;3分,不能耐受)。醫(yī)師記錄腸道準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中一般情況(出冷汗、饑餓感、頭暈、乏力、心悸),胃腸道不適(惡心、嘔吐、腹脹和腹痛等)等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,對(duì)總體不良反應(yīng)進(jìn)行評(píng)分(0分,無(wú);1分,輕度;2分,中度;3分,重度)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS 16.0軟件,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)描述,行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用例(%)描述,行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P <0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 腸道準(zhǔn)備有效性
結(jié)腸鏡檢查由同一內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師操作,腸鏡檢查時(shí)間、BBPS總分和腸腔內(nèi)氣泡評(píng)分也均由同一醫(yī)師完成記錄??梢?jiàn)B組結(jié)腸鏡檢查時(shí)間(7.25±2.17)短于A組(9.00±3.50),兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05);B組BBPS總分(7.85±1.00)高于A組(6.35±1.25),兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05);B組腸腔內(nèi)氣泡評(píng)分(0.25±0.55)明顯低于A組(0.75±0.50),兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)??梢?jiàn)B組腸道準(zhǔn)備的有效性明顯高于A組。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 兩組耐受性和安全性
從評(píng)價(jià)耐受性和安全性看,B組口感和腸道接受率略低于A組,兩組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),考慮與B組腸道準(zhǔn)備較A組程序多時(shí)間長(zhǎng)有關(guān);B組(27例,90.00%)再次腸道準(zhǔn)備接受率顯著高于A組(22例,73.33%),兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。兩組間服藥前后血壓和心率差值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),僅1例B組69歲患者服用SF-PEG時(shí)出現(xiàn)持續(xù)約5 min心慌氣短,給予對(duì)癥處理后,不影響腸鏡檢查。兩組服藥前后血常規(guī)、電解質(zhì)(血鈉、血鈣、血磷、尿素氮和肌酐)等指標(biāo)均無(wú)明顯變化。A和B組間總體不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。見(jiàn)表 3。
表 2 兩組患者腸道準(zhǔn)備有效性比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of efficacy of bowel preparation between the two groups (±s)
表 2 兩組患者腸道準(zhǔn)備有效性比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of efficacy of bowel preparation between the two groups (±s)
組別 腸鏡檢查時(shí)間/minBBSP總分/分 腸腔內(nèi)氣泡評(píng)分/分A組(n =30) 9.00±3.50 6.35±1.25 0.75±0.50 B組(n =30) 7.25±2.17 7.85±1.00 0.25±0.55 t值 2.32 -5.00 3.06 P值 0.024 0.000 0.003
表 3 兩組患者耐受性和安全性比較Table 3 Comparison of tolerance and safety between the two groups
根據(jù)《中國(guó)慢性便秘診治指南(2013,武漢)》統(tǒng)計(jì)[7],我國(guó)社區(qū)成人慢性便秘的患病率為4.00%~6.00%,隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而升高,60歲以上人群慢性便秘患病率可高達(dá)22.00%。對(duì)于存在便秘的患者,進(jìn)行腸鏡檢查的腸道準(zhǔn)備較非便秘患者要求高,更不容易達(dá)到《中國(guó)消化內(nèi)鏡診療相關(guān)腸道準(zhǔn)備指南(草案)(2014)》腸道準(zhǔn)備的理想標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]:①能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)排空結(jié)腸內(nèi)糞便;②不引起結(jié)腸黏膜改變;③不會(huì)引起患者不適,依從性好;④不導(dǎo)致水電解質(zhì)紊亂;⑤價(jià)格適中。截止目前,對(duì)便秘患者無(wú)任何一種藥物或藥物組合能完全符合上述要求。FANG等[9]報(bào)告在420例行腸鏡檢查中,有29.00%的患者存在慢性便秘,得出慢性便秘是腸道準(zhǔn)備不良的預(yù)測(cè)因素之一。說(shuō)明有近1/3患者存在慢性便秘,探討便秘患者有效的腸道準(zhǔn)備尤為重要。
SF-PEG是一種不吸收性電解質(zhì)溶液,具有患者耐受性較好、腸道準(zhǔn)備速度較快和引起水電解質(zhì)紊亂少等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被認(rèn)為是清潔結(jié)腸的首選藥物。但最大缺點(diǎn)為服用溶液量大,因而易出現(xiàn)惡心、嘔吐、腹脹和腹痛。ROTONDANO等[10]報(bào)道一項(xiàng)多中心前瞻性研究,分析3 276結(jié)腸鏡檢查的數(shù)據(jù)(2 178例門診患者,1098例住院患者)用聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)4~6 L行腸道準(zhǔn)備,仍因清潔不充分而導(dǎo)致的不能完成結(jié)腸鏡檢查的有369例患者,占11.26%。
50.00 %硫酸鎂用于腸道準(zhǔn)備,其機(jī)制為高滲的硫酸鎂溶液通過(guò)滲透壓差別將水分從腸壁組織間隙吸入腸腔,刺激腸蠕動(dòng)加速腸排空。因其價(jià)格低廉、服液量小和依從性好,在SF-PEG上市前,國(guó)內(nèi)較為普遍應(yīng)用。其最大缺點(diǎn)為腸道刺激大,易發(fā)生水電解質(zhì)紊亂,故單用硫酸鎂腸道準(zhǔn)備現(xiàn)已少用。為克服PEG和硫酸鎂的缺點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)外研究嘗試不同種組合方法,如PEG聯(lián)合枸櫞酸鎂、乳果糖、硫酸鎂等可使PEG溶液攝入量從4 L減至2 L,在不影響腸道清潔度前提下,增加患者耐受性[1,11-12]。對(duì)于便秘患者,國(guó)內(nèi)外也有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,PEG聯(lián)合伊托必利[13]、莫沙必利[14-15]、乳果糖[1,16]、四磨湯[17]和腸道水療[18]等均能不同程度克服其缺點(diǎn),取得較好的療效。用PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂對(duì)便秘患者行腸道準(zhǔn)備已有報(bào)道,但側(cè)重于比較PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂效果與單用硫酸鎂療效的比較[19],而與PEG療效的比較未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。LU等[1]報(bào)道90例便秘患者,用乳果糖聯(lián)合PEG行腸道準(zhǔn)備,優(yōu)于單純用PEG。為此本課題組在既往研究采用最佳時(shí)間進(jìn)行腸道準(zhǔn)備基礎(chǔ)上[20],用SF-PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂對(duì)便秘患者行腸道準(zhǔn)備,取得了良好的效果。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以輕中度便秘患者SF-PEG常規(guī)劑量為對(duì)照組(A組),評(píng)估了低劑量SF-PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂方案(B組)在結(jié)腸鏡檢查前腸道準(zhǔn)備中的效果,結(jié)果顯示B組攝入液體量較A組減少約1 700 ml,與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道效果相當(dāng)[12,15-16]。從患者腸鏡檢查時(shí)間、口感和再次腸道準(zhǔn)備接受率等看,聯(lián)合用藥具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),而從安全性和不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況看,安全可靠。推測(cè)SF-PEG可使便秘患者軟化大便,促進(jìn)排便后,小量硫酸鎂適當(dāng)刺激腸蠕動(dòng),加速排便,加快腸道準(zhǔn)備??朔顺R?guī)劑量口感較差、服藥大和耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)等弊端,使多數(shù)患者腸腔氣泡快速消除,避免了腸鏡操作過(guò)程中反復(fù)吸引和沖洗腸壁,易于發(fā)現(xiàn)微小或平坦、凹陷型病變,易于細(xì)致觀察。
綜上所述,應(yīng)用SF-PEG聯(lián)合硫酸鎂法,對(duì)輕中度便秘患者行結(jié)腸鏡檢查,具有耐受性好、清潔度高、鏡檢效果好和安全可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn),推薦臨床應(yīng)用。本研究的不足之處在于樣本量偏小、未涉及前瞻性研究、未對(duì)納入樣本進(jìn)行如年齡等亞組研究等,后續(xù)研究應(yīng)及時(shí)跟進(jìn)并完善。
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(彭薇 編輯)
Effect of modified bowel preparation in patients with constipation undergoing colonoscopy
Le Lu, Xiao-fen Meng, Ping-min Qu, Yu-hua Bai, Hua Li, Xin Xu
(Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of modified bowel preparation-Polyethylene Glycol Electrolytes Powder (SF-PEG, Shu Taiqing) in combination with magnesium sulfate in patients with constipation undergoing colonoscopy.MethodsSixty cases from mild to moderate constipation were randomly divided into two groups:Group A: SF-PEG (438.4 g, 4 L), 30 cases; Group B:
low-dose SF-PEG (219.2 g, 2 L) and 50.00%magnesium sulfate 50 ml, and then 250 ml water, 30 cases. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores (BBPS) and bubbles in bowel lumen score were assessed by the same endoscopist blindly to the preparation regimen, and the time of colonoscopy and the tolerability was recorded.ResultsAll patients underwent completely the bowel preparation and colonoscopy. The time of colonoscopy of group B was shorter than that of group A (P < 0.05).The BBPS score of group B was higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). The bubbles in bowel lumen were less in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05). The willingness to retake in Group B were superior to those in Group A(P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in score of total adverse effects and taste score between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionSF-PEG in combination with magnesium sulfate in patients with constipation for colonoscopy can improve tolerance to bowel preparation, cleanliness and effects of examination. It’s safe to be recommended in clinical practice.
polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder; magnesium sulfate; constipation; colonoscopy; bowel preparation
R656.9
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.07.007
1007-1989(2017)07-0030-05
2017-01-09
孟小芬,E-mail:Meng6810@126.com;Tel:13488465698