白玉明++++++張海森++++++劉暢++++++靳勝利++++++王文杰++++++劉穎++++++張艷平++++++呂志昌
[摘要] 目的 探討腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療內(nèi)側(cè)間室膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)患者術(shù)后血清和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中白介素-17(IL-17)的水平變化。 方法 選擇2014年12月~2015年6月因內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA于滄州市中心醫(yī)院接受腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療的30例患者作為試驗(yàn)組,另外選擇30例膝關(guān)節(jié)正常自愿者作為對(duì)照組。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后采用膝關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(KSS)評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能,視覺模擬疼痛評(píng)分(VAS)評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度。術(shù)前及術(shù)后6、12、18個(gè)月抽取肘部靜脈血液以及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液,采用ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒測(cè)量血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量,對(duì)照組抽取肘部靜脈血進(jìn)行相應(yīng)檢測(cè)并比較。 結(jié)果 試驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后切口均I期愈合;均獲至少18個(gè)月隨訪。斷端愈合后測(cè)量股脛角平均為(168.6±3.4)°。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分和KSS評(píng)分較術(shù)前均有顯著改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。與對(duì)照組比較,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)前血清IL-17含量顯著增高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);試驗(yàn)組血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量在術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血清IL-17含量均高于對(duì)照組水平(P < 0.05)。術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 腓骨近端截骨術(shù)可顯著改善內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA患者的疼痛癥狀和關(guān)節(jié)功能,并可在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平,但不能恢復(fù)至健康人水平。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腓骨近端截骨術(shù);膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;白介素-17
[中圖分類號(hào)] R684 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)07(c)-0105-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in both synovial fluid and serum of patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA) after proximal fibular osteotomy. Methods Thirty patients with medial compartment KOA underwent proximal fibular osteotomy at the Cangzhou Central Hospital from December 2014 to June 2015 were selected as experimental group, and 30 healthy individuals were selected as control group into the study. Visual analog pain score (VAS) and Knee Society score (KSS) were used to evaluate pain level and function of the experimental group. The IL-17 levels in both serum and synovial fluid of the experimental group at preoperative period and postoperative 6, 12, 18 months were measured by ELISA, also the serum levels of IL-17 in the control group were measured by ELISA. Results All incisions were healed in phase I. And all patients were followed up at least 18 months. The average tibiofemoral angle was (168.6±3.4)° at 18 months after surgery. Average postoperative VAS pain and KSS scores were significantly improved compared with preoperative period (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences during postoperative points (P > 0.05).The serum levels of IL-17 in the experimental group at different time points were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The IL-17 levels in both serum and synovial fluid of the experimental group during postoperative points were decreased compared with preoperative period (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences during postoperative points (P > 0.05). Conclusion Proximal fibular osteotomy can significantly improve the pain symptoms and joint function of the patients with medial compartment KOA. It also can reduce the IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and serum, while which can not back to healthy level.
[Key words] Proximal fibular osteotomy; Knee osteoarthritis; Interleukin-17
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是一種復(fù)雜的關(guān)節(jié)滑膜及關(guān)節(jié)軟骨炎性疾病[1],由于炎性細(xì)胞因子破壞了軟骨細(xì)胞的合成與分解代謝平衡,進(jìn)而在OA發(fā)生與發(fā)展中起重要作用[2-3]。最近研究表明,白介素-17(IL-17)基因多態(tài)性與OA的易感性相關(guān)[4],膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者血清及關(guān)節(jié)炎滑液中可表達(dá)高于健康人水平的IL-17[5-6]。KOA早、中期患者常表現(xiàn)為單純內(nèi)側(cè)間室關(guān)節(jié)炎,多伴有內(nèi)翻畸形[1,7-9],臨床上可采用腓骨近端截骨術(shù)進(jìn)行治療。張英澤等[10]首創(chuàng)的“膝關(guān)節(jié)不均勻沉降”理論指導(dǎo)下的腓骨近端截骨術(shù),其機(jī)制是利用生物力學(xué)理念和腓骨截除后的膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍軟組織的再平衡作用,達(dá)到糾正異常力線、緩解或消除疼痛的目的[11-12]。本研究以單純內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA于滄州市中心醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)接受腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療的患者作為研究對(duì)象(試驗(yàn)組),觀察治療前后患者血清和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中IL-17變化情況,并與膝關(guān)節(jié)正常志愿者(對(duì)照組)進(jìn)行比較,以期了解IL-17在腓骨近端截骨術(shù)后的體內(nèi)變化情況。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
該研究獲得我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有研究對(duì)象均為漢族,納入研究之前均簽署知情同意書。本研究納入2014年12月~2015年6月因單純內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA于我院采用腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療的30例患者作為研究對(duì)象(試驗(yàn)組)。對(duì)照組為30例膝關(guān)節(jié)正常志愿者。
試驗(yàn)組:男11例,女19例;平均年齡為(52.5±4.5)歲;體重指數(shù)(BMI)為(27.8.9±3.2)kg/m2;左膝13例,右膝17例;病程為6~38個(gè)月,平均22.5個(gè)月。主要臨床癥狀為膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、輕度腫脹,行走功能障礙等;術(shù)前內(nèi)翻角度平均為(7.6±2.1)°。Kellgren-Lawrence分級(jí)(KL分級(jí))[13]均為2~3級(jí)。試驗(yàn)組納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1987年美國(guó)風(fēng)濕病協(xié)會(huì)OA診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[14];排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為合并其他慢性炎癥性疾病、糖尿病,糖皮質(zhì)激素治療史,其他類型關(guān)節(jié)炎;腫瘤,OA家族史。
對(duì)照組:男13例,女17例;平均年齡為(51.9±4.7)歲;BMI為(27.7±3.9)kg/m2。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為經(jīng)X線檢查膝關(guān)節(jié)正常,KL 0級(jí)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為存在關(guān)節(jié)痛、關(guān)節(jié)功能受限,糖尿病,糖皮質(zhì)激素類用藥史,其他類型關(guān)節(jié)炎罹患史及癌癥等。
兩組研究對(duì)象性別、年齡、BMI比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
試驗(yàn)組患者所有手術(shù)均由同一組醫(yī)師完成,腰麻下施術(shù)。術(shù)中取腓骨后外側(cè)入路,于患肢腓骨頭下6~8 cm處做腓骨后外側(cè)長(zhǎng)約5 cm縱行切口,切開皮膚、皮下組織及筋膜,鈍性分離腓骨長(zhǎng)肌與比目魚肌之間隙直達(dá)腓骨,銳性切開腓骨骨膜,骨膜起子鈍性剝離骨膜顯露腓骨,電刀標(biāo)記截骨位置,采用擺鋸截除1.5~2.0腓骨;骨蠟封閉斷端,依次縫合筋膜、皮下、皮膚,完成手術(shù)。
試驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后第1天即開始進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)被動(dòng)活動(dòng),術(shù)后48 h更換敷料并開始負(fù)重活動(dòng)訓(xùn)練。
1.3 觀測(cè)指標(biāo)
術(shù)后定期復(fù)查下肢全長(zhǎng)X線片,測(cè)量股脛角,評(píng)估下肢力線。采用膝關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)(Knee Society score,KSS)[15]評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能,采用視覺模擬疼痛評(píng)分(visual analogue scale,VAS)[16]評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度。術(shù)前及術(shù)后6、12、18個(gè)月抽取肘部靜脈血液10 mL以及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液2 mL。采用ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒測(cè)量血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量。對(duì)照組于納入研究后即刻抽取肘部靜脈血進(jìn)行相應(yīng)檢測(cè)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);組內(nèi)比較采用方差分析,組內(nèi)兩兩比較采用SNK-q檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 圍術(shù)期及臨床評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)
試驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后切口均I期愈合,無(wú)切口感染等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。術(shù)后均獲至少18個(gè)月隨訪。術(shù)后18個(gè)月隨訪時(shí)測(cè)量股脛角平均為(168.6±3.4)°,下肢力線矯正滿意[9]。術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均較術(shù)前顯著降低,KSS評(píng)分較術(shù)前顯著增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)間VAS和KSS評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)
對(duì)照組血清IL-17含量為(2.4±1.7)pg/mL。與對(duì)照組比較,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)前血清IL-17含量顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量在術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血清IL-17含量均高于對(duì)照組水平(P < 0.05)。術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
3 討論
相關(guān)研究表明[2,17-19],KOA患者的IL-17水平顯著高于健康人群。在KOA發(fā)生過(guò)程中IL-17可針對(duì)軟骨細(xì)胞和滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞膜表面的抗原發(fā)生直接細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答效應(yīng)[20-21],IL-17通過(guò)上調(diào)軟骨細(xì)胞及滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞MMP的表達(dá),而后者是軟骨降解的潛在物質(zhì)[20]。IL-17還可增強(qiáng)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨細(xì)胞一氧化氮合酶表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的破壞[22]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月平均VAS疼痛評(píng)分及Lysholm評(píng)分較術(shù)前顯著改善(P < 0.05),直至術(shù)后18個(gè)月未見疼痛加重及功能丟失情況?;颊咛弁窗Y狀較之術(shù)前明顯緩解,考慮與腓骨近端截骨術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍軟組織獲得再次平衡有關(guān),這種新平衡將會(huì)促使肌肉對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)間隙的牽拉,進(jìn)而內(nèi)側(cè)間隙變得增寬,力線得以外移,最終獲得疼痛的緩解,相應(yīng)的關(guān)節(jié)功能也得改善。
以往對(duì)于腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)研究相對(duì)較少,相關(guān)報(bào)道多集中于對(duì)其臨床療效的評(píng)估[10,12,23-24],腓骨近端截骨術(shù)后患者機(jī)體內(nèi)相關(guān)炎性細(xì)胞因子的水平變化,尚未見相關(guān)報(bào)道。本研究對(duì)腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA患者的血清和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中IL-17的水平變化進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組患者在接受腓骨近端截骨術(shù)治療6個(gè)月后血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但仍高于健康對(duì)照組水平。術(shù)后18個(gè)月以內(nèi)IL-17均呈下降趨勢(shì),但較之術(shù)后6個(gè)月時(shí),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。因此表明,腓骨近端截骨術(shù)在減輕患者膝痛水平的同時(shí),還可在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)的IL-17水平,但不能恢復(fù)至健康人水平。本研究提示腓骨近端截骨術(shù)具有改善內(nèi)側(cè)間室KOA患者機(jī)體生物學(xué)環(huán)境的效果,但不能逆轉(zhuǎn)KOA的病理過(guò)程。因此,有望進(jìn)一步研究通過(guò)該術(shù)式聯(lián)合其它生物學(xué)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)更為有效治療KOA的目的。
在研究的局限性方面,首先,本研究為一項(xiàng)單中心實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,樣本含量相對(duì)較小,因此尚需進(jìn)一步實(shí)施大樣本、多中心前瞻性隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究以證實(shí)該研究結(jié)果的可靠性。另外,在研究中只對(duì)研究對(duì)象血清和滑液中的IL-17水平進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),因與KOA相關(guān)的炎性因子很多,本研究選取的細(xì)胞因子較為單一。最后,鑒于接受關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)治療的KOA患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平可能會(huì)受到手術(shù)刺激、麻醉、術(shù)后藥物治療等因素影響,因此本研究IL-17水平檢測(cè)時(shí)間設(shè)定在術(shù)后6個(gè)月以及之后,此時(shí)患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能基本恢復(fù),無(wú)需KOA相關(guān)的藥物治療,手術(shù)本身造成的機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境改變基本得以恢復(fù)。但是,對(duì)于患者的職業(yè)因素,環(huán)境因素,運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng)水平不可能完全控制,因此,這些因素會(huì)否影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果尚需更趨設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶?shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí)。
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中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2017年21期