陳 姍， 王麗卿， 張瑞雷

(1. 上海海洋大學(xué) 水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源發(fā)掘與利用教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室; 2. 上海海洋大學(xué) 水產(chǎn)科學(xué)國(guó)家級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)示范中心; 3. 上海海洋大學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)部魚(yú)類(lèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)與環(huán)境生態(tài)研究中心， 上海 201306)

蒙古國(guó)搖蚊分類(lèi)學(xué)的研究進(jìn)展及名錄

陳 姍， 王麗卿， 張瑞雷

(1. 上海海洋大學(xué) 水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源發(fā)掘與利用教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室; 2. 上海海洋大學(xué) 水產(chǎn)科學(xué)國(guó)家級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)示范中心; 3. 上海海洋大學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)部魚(yú)類(lèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)與環(huán)境生態(tài)研究中心， 上海 201306)

搖蚊科(Chironomidae)是一種遍布世界各大動(dòng)物地理分布區(qū)的雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)。搖蚊的研究不但與當(dāng)今全球蓬勃發(fā)展的水環(huán)境保護(hù)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科研及生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐密切相關(guān)，同時(shí)一些種類(lèi)可攜帶病原體引起鼻炎、哮喘等過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。蒙古國(guó)位于古北區(qū)東部，其搖蚊分類(lèi)研究基礎(chǔ)較差且無(wú)系統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)學(xué)研究。蒙古國(guó)搖蚊科經(jīng)歷了近40年的研究與發(fā)展，據(jù)已有資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，蒙古國(guó)目前已記載搖蚊269種，隸屬于6個(gè)亞科。介紹了蒙古國(guó)搖蚊的研究歷史和現(xiàn)狀，提供了蒙古國(guó)搖蚊最新名錄，為今后的搖蚊分類(lèi)學(xué)研究提供資料。

蒙古國(guó)；搖蚊；分類(lèi)學(xué)；名錄

AbstractChironomidae is a kind of diptera insects, which exists in each big animal′s geographical area. The research of Chironomidae is not only associated with the global development of water environmental protection, but also related to the scientific research and production practice of aquaculture. At the same time, some species can carry pathogens that cause allergic reactions such as rhinitis and asthma. Mongolia is located in the east part of the Palaearctic Region, its classification research foundation is poor and no taxonomic study of the animal. After nearly 40 years of research and development and according to complete statistic, Mongolian Chironomidae has recorded 269 species, belonging to 6 subfamilies. This paper made a review on the history and recent progress in the study of Mongolian chironomidae and provided the latest list in order to provide data for taxonomic research.

KeywordsMongolia; Chironomidae; taxonomy; directory

搖蚊科(Chironomidae)隸屬于雙翅目(Diptera)，通常被稱(chēng)為“不咬人的蠓蟲(chóng)”(non-biting midge)，遍布于世界各大動(dòng)物地理區(qū)。在淡水中，搖蚊科分為11個(gè)亞科，22個(gè)族，339個(gè)屬以及4147個(gè)種[1]。它們的分布十分廣泛，可從熱帶地區(qū)到極地地區(qū)，從海拔30 m以下的沿海棲息地到海拔5000 m高的雪地或冰川。大多數(shù)搖蚊的幼蟲(chóng)生活在淡水中，也有少許種類(lèi)生活在陸地、海洋和半咸水中[2]。水生種類(lèi)常存在于流動(dòng)的水體(如河道、溪流、瀑布等)、靜水(如湖泊、池塘、臨時(shí)的水體等)或海洋棲境中(半咸水、沿岸帶海濱區(qū))；陸生種類(lèi)存在于土壤或其他棲境包括落葉林地、草地、耕地土壤、真菌、腐爛的木材和牛糞等。

搖蚊起源于2.5億年前，存在歷史悠久，生物多樣性極其豐富[3]。搖蚊幼蟲(chóng)處于水生食物鏈的底層[4]，在淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中數(shù)量超過(guò)50%[1]，在不同水生棲境中幾乎都能發(fā)現(xiàn)搖蚊幼蟲(chóng)[5]。在搖蚊成蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵時(shí)期，它又可作為食浮游動(dòng)物魚(yú)類(lèi)的捕食對(duì)象。搖蚊現(xiàn)已成為監(jiān)測(cè)水體環(huán)境和污染狀況的優(yōu)良指示生物，被廣泛應(yīng)用于水環(huán)境保護(hù)研究中；又是魚(yú)類(lèi)的天然餌料，被廣泛應(yīng)用于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科研與生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中。同時(shí)一些種類(lèi)可攜帶病原體引起鼻炎、哮喘等過(guò)敏反應(yīng)[6-8]，嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康。有些搖蚊還危害水稻等栽培作物成為農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng)[9]。目前，構(gòu)建水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)計(jì)劃刻不容緩，其中生物多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)是兩大重要因素。搖蚊群落中常有獨(dú)特和稀有的物種，但是，關(guān)于保護(hù)淡水大型無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的研究報(bào)道極少于其他動(dòng)物，如哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)[10]。因此，在水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)計(jì)劃中對(duì)搖蚊群落的研究必不可少[11]。

蒙古國(guó)(Mongolia)位于8大世界動(dòng)物地理分布區(qū)之一的古北區(qū)(Palearctic)的東部。古北區(qū)包括歐洲、北回歸線以北的非洲與阿拉伯半島中、北部以及喜馬拉雅山與秦嶺山脈以北的亞洲大陸，是8個(gè)動(dòng)物區(qū)系中最大的一個(gè)。蒙古國(guó)西部、北部、中部多為山地，東部為丘陵平原，南部為戈壁沙灘，地形地貌豐富；屬于溫帶草原性氣候，季節(jié)變化明顯。目前，英國(guó)已記錄搖蚊約500種，日本已記錄1200余種，俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)已記錄搖蚊600種，中國(guó)已記錄搖蚊約800種。與相鄰國(guó)家相比，蒙古國(guó)的搖蚊分類(lèi)研究基礎(chǔ)較差，未有人做過(guò)系統(tǒng)的研究。因此，對(duì)蒙古國(guó)搖蚊科昆蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)學(xué)研究意義重大。本文介紹了蒙古國(guó)搖蚊的研究歷史和現(xiàn)狀，提供了蒙古國(guó)搖蚊的最新名錄，為今后的搖蚊分類(lèi)學(xué)研究提供資料。

1 蒙古國(guó)搖蚊研究的歷史和現(xiàn)狀

1.1 蒙古國(guó)搖蚊研究的歷史

蒙古國(guó)是位于亞洲中部的一個(gè)國(guó)家，有豐富的淡水資源。據(jù)估計(jì)，每年可利用的水資源為34.6 km3，其中28.4 km3為地表水資源，6.2 km3為地下水資源。地表水包括5500條河流，9600條泉水以及4200個(gè)湖泊[12]。蒙古國(guó)水生昆蟲(chóng)調(diào)查組織(Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, MAIS)自2003年至2006年研究色楞格流域(Selenge River Basin)并收集水生大型無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的生物多樣性，其中就包括搖蚊[11]。

1978年僅發(fā)現(xiàn)蒙古國(guó)搖蚊26種，其中20種搖蚊屬于搖蚊亞科。蒙古國(guó)搖蚊科經(jīng)歷了近40年的研究與發(fā)展，據(jù)已有資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，蒙古國(guó)目前已記載搖蚊269種[3, 9, 11, 13-23]，隸屬于6個(gè)亞科：寡脈搖蚊亞科(Podonominae)、長(zhǎng)足搖蚊亞科(Tanypodinae)、寡角搖蚊亞科(Diamesinae)、原寡角搖蚊亞科(Prodiamesinae)、直突搖蚊亞科(Orthocladiinae)、搖蚊亞科(Chironominae)，見(jiàn)圖1。

圖1 蒙古國(guó)搖蚊種類(lèi)示意圖

Reiss主要從事長(zhǎng)跗搖蚊族(Tanytarsini)系統(tǒng)學(xué)以及生物地理學(xué)研究，主要工作：歐洲長(zhǎng)跗搖蚊屬系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)學(xué)研究，搖蚊科動(dòng)物地理分布，搖蚊科文獻(xiàn)匯編等。其中，1971年描述和列舉了蒙古國(guó)收集到的搖蚊種類(lèi)。

Wiederholm主編的《全北區(qū)搖蚊》系列著作[幼蟲(chóng)，蛹，雄成蟲(chóng)]是開(kāi)始開(kāi)展國(guó)際合作工作的標(biāo)志。此系列著作[雄成蟲(chóng)]規(guī)范了8大亞科的屬一級(jí)特征，并列舉了屬級(jí)及部分亞屬級(jí)分類(lèi)檢索表,蒙古國(guó)物種被列入其中[14]。

Kozhova等研究庫(kù)蘇古爾湖已有20年，曾研究過(guò)此湖0～90 m不同水層各種群落生境中搖蚊的生物量，發(fā)現(xiàn)2～5 m水層基質(zhì)中搖蚊生物量最大[15]。Erbaeva和Safronov在1992年研究了庫(kù)蘇古爾湖底棲無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物群，與其他19種底棲動(dòng)物類(lèi)群相比，發(fā)現(xiàn)搖蚊種類(lèi)數(shù)最多，高達(dá)99種[17]。

Sasa發(fā)表論文40余篇，主要從事日本地區(qū)搖蚊系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究,主要出版物包括《日本搖蚊目錄和雄成蟲(chóng)檢索表》?！睹晒艊?guó)搖蚊的研究》[9]列舉和描述了蒙古國(guó)中部和西南部的許多種類(lèi)和新種：分別于1995年8月和1996年8月在烏蘭巴托(Ulaanbaatur)和博格多(Bogd)收集345個(gè)雄蟲(chóng)，隸屬于23個(gè)屬42個(gè)種，其中29種為新種。首次為解決蒙古國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)問(wèn)題提供了極大的借鑒作用。

Hayford研究蒙古國(guó)搖蚊10余年，已發(fā)表蒙古國(guó)搖蚊研究論文5篇，是近代研究蒙古國(guó)搖蚊較為資深的一位昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)者，特別是對(duì)庫(kù)蘇古爾湖的研究。Hayford[16]在庫(kù)蘇古爾湖發(fā)現(xiàn)14個(gè)新記錄種，使得蒙古國(guó)搖蚊種數(shù)增加至166種，其中118種在本湖區(qū)域有分布。Hayford and Ferrington[18]出版了《庫(kù)蘇古爾湖搖蚊分布》的著作；Hayford等[19]比較了7個(gè)河灣與4條溪流的搖蚊群落結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了12種蒙古國(guó)新記錄種和1種庫(kù)蘇古爾湖新記錄種。Hayford[11]發(fā)表了“蒙古國(guó)勒吉(Gorkhi Terelj)國(guó)家公園搖蚊的高γ與低β生物多樣性”的論文，發(fā)現(xiàn)26個(gè)新記錄種，蒙古國(guó)搖蚊種數(shù)增加至264種。

Shcherbina對(duì)蒙古國(guó)8大湖泊的大型底棲動(dòng)物結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了歸納后得出，搖蚊生物量占大型底棲動(dòng)物總量的范圍為90%～98%，占大型底棲動(dòng)物豐富度的范圍為29%～95%[20]?！堆芯坎糠置晒艊?guó)水體中搖蚊動(dòng)物類(lèi)群》[21]一文記述搖蚊5亞科，39個(gè)屬，97個(gè)種，其中86個(gè)種第一次被記錄，完善了蒙古國(guó)搖蚊的分類(lèi)體系。

Ferrington主要從事對(duì)搖蚊蛹皮的研究，在1987—2008年相繼發(fā)表了《通過(guò)收集和鑒定表面漂浮的搖蚊蛹皮對(duì)水體表面水質(zhì)進(jìn)行研究》《北美泉水中搖蚊動(dòng)物群屬的構(gòu)成》《淡水搖蚊的全球多樣性》等?！睹晒艊?guó)湖泊中搖蚊蛹皮的鑒定檢索表》[22]研究了收集于蒙古國(guó)西部10個(gè)不同鹽度和營(yíng)養(yǎng)等級(jí)的湖泊的搖蚊蛹皮，共鑒定出58個(gè)類(lèi)群，隸屬于27個(gè)屬。

Ashe影響較大的著作有《世界搖蚊科屬及亞屬目錄》[24]，對(duì)1800—1983年搖蚊科所有的屬和亞屬進(jìn)行了修訂和整理；與Murray、Reiss合作出版《搖蚊科動(dòng)物地理分布》[25]，記錄了自1800—1986年世界上搖蚊科有效種大約3700個(gè)，隸屬于10亞科24族307屬56亞屬(其中包括23個(gè)化石屬)；與Cranston合作出版《古北區(qū)的目錄》[26]。著作《世界搖蚊的目錄》[3, 23]共4部分，已出版2卷：卷1出版始于2009年，綜合整理1758—2009年9大亞科的世界搖蚊種類(lèi)；卷2出版于2012年，綜合整理1758—2012年直突搖蚊亞科的世界搖蚊種類(lèi)，其中詳細(xì)記錄有蒙古國(guó)搖蚊種。

1.2 蒙古國(guó)搖蚊研究現(xiàn)狀

盡管過(guò)去國(guó)際昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)家對(duì)蒙古國(guó)搖蚊有一定的研究，但蒙古國(guó)搖蚊科分類(lèi)學(xué)研究存在許多與世界搖蚊同樣的問(wèn)題。首先在搖蚊的地域研究程度上，亞洲地區(qū)除日本研究較好外，其余地區(qū)僅有較少的記錄，甚至于仍有不少?gòu)奈醋鲞^(guò)系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究的空白地區(qū)。蒙古國(guó)基本上屬此類(lèi)地區(qū)，尚有大量種類(lèi)有待發(fā)現(xiàn)和記錄。由于這種不同動(dòng)物地理分布區(qū)研究不平衡，嚴(yán)重影響到對(duì)此類(lèi)昆蟲(chóng)的系統(tǒng)演化、動(dòng)物地理格局、區(qū)劃等研究的深化。其次，對(duì)于搖蚊本身來(lái)說(shuō)，搖蚊屬完全變態(tài)昆蟲(chóng)類(lèi)，幼蟲(chóng)與成蟲(chóng)的形態(tài)完全不同，幼蟲(chóng)往往生活在水中，成蟲(chóng)一般生活在陸地[22, 27]。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在世界搖蚊系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)學(xué)上，由于水生的幼蟲(chóng)期占據(jù)生活史中的大部分時(shí)間，且幼蟲(chóng)期在生態(tài)學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)方面具有重要意義，發(fā)展成了以Thienemann和Lenz為代表的直接用幼蟲(chóng)定種的分類(lèi)體系。又由于成蟲(chóng)期在結(jié)構(gòu)、性狀方面遠(yuǎn)較幼蟲(chóng)期分化明顯而獨(dú)特，在確定種類(lèi)上更為可靠、準(zhǔn)確，同期也出現(xiàn)以Edwards和Goetghebuer為代表的僅以成蟲(chóng)定種的分類(lèi)體系。兩種分類(lèi)體系的應(yīng)用造成該科同物異名過(guò)多，且名稱(chēng)使用上也混亂不清。第三，世界搖蚊種類(lèi)大多屬于Orthocladiinae和Chironominae這兩個(gè)最大的亞科。但是關(guān)于這兩個(gè)亞科內(nèi)種階甚至屬階的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)關(guān)系不清，單種屬過(guò)多，屬征界限不清；未命名新種過(guò)多，系統(tǒng)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)任務(wù)加重。目前研究蒙古國(guó)搖蚊分類(lèi)學(xué)內(nèi)容的學(xué)者極少，更多的是探究蒙古國(guó)湖泊、溪流等靜水和流水水體搖蚊的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量，因此，此領(lǐng)域的研究發(fā)展速度較為緩慢，存在許多問(wèn)題尚待解決。

1.3 蒙古國(guó)搖蚊名錄

PODONOMINAE

Boreochlini

Paraboreochlus

Paraboreochlusminutissimus(Strobl, 1894)

Trichotanypus

Trichotanypusposticalis(Lundbeck, 1898)

TANYPODINAE

Macropelopiini

Macropelopia

Macropelopianebulosa(Meigen, 1804)

Derotanypus

DerotanypussibiricusKruglova et Chernovskij, 1940

Psectrotanypus

Psectrotanypusvarius(Fabricius, 1787)

Pentaneurini

Ablabesmyia

Ablabesmyia(Karelia)cinctipes(Johannsen, 1946)

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)longistylaFittkau, 1962

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)monilis(Linnaeus, 1758)

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)phatta(Egger, 1863)

Conchapelopia

ConchapelopiaaagardiMurray,1987

Larsia

Larsiacurticalcar(Kieffer, 1918)

Thienemannimyia

Thienemannimyiafusciceps(Edwards, 1929)

Thienemannimyialentiginosa(Fries, 1823)

Procladini

Procladius

Procladius(Holotanypus)choreus(Meigen, 1804)

Procladius(Holotanypus)crassinervis(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Procladius(Holotanypus)culiciformis(Linnaeus, 1767)

Procladius(Holotanypus)ferrugineus(Kieffer, 1918)

Procladius(Psilotanypus)imicolaKieffer, 1922

Procladius(Psilotanypus)rufovittatus(Van der Wulp, 1874)

Tanypodini

Tanypus

Tanypus(Tanypus)punctipennisMeigen, 1818

DIAMESINAE

Protanypini

Protanypus

Protanypusmorio(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Diamesini

Diamesa

DiamesainsignipesKieffer, 1908

DiamesakaszabiSerra-Tosio, 1983

DiamesaleonaRoback, 1957

DiamesaparancystaSerra-Tosio, 1983

DiamesaveletensisSerra-Tosio, 1971

Lappodiamesa

Lappodiamesavidua(Kieffer, 1922)

Potthastia

Potthastiagaedii(Meigen, 1838)

Potthastialongimana(Kieffer, 1922)

Pseudodiamesa

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)branickii(Nowicki, 1873)

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)mongolzeceaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)nivosa(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)venustaMakarchenko, 1984

Sympotthastia

SympotthastiaspiniferaSerro-Tosio, 1968

PRODIAMESINAE

Monodiamesa

Monodiamesaalpicola(Brundin 1952)

Monodiamesabathyphila(Kieffer, 1918)

Monodiamesaekmani(Brundin, 1949)

Prodiamesa

Prodiamesaolivacea(Meigen, 1818)

ORTHOCLADIINAE

Abiskomyia

AbiskomyiaparavirgoGoetghebuer, 1940

Acricotopus

Acricotopuslucens(Zetterstedt, 1850)

Brillia

Brilliabifida(Kieffer, 1909)

BrillialongifurcaKieffer, 1921

Bryophaenocladius

Bryophaenocladiusmongolxeyeus(Sasa and Suzuki, 1997)

Bryophaenocladiusnidorum(Edwards, 1929)

Chaetocladius

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)melaleucus(Meigen, 1818)

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)mongolveweusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)piger(Goetghebuer, 1913)

Corynoneura

CorynoneuraceleripesWinnertz, 1852

CorynoneurascutellataWinnertz, 1846

Cricotopus

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)algarum(Kieffer, 1911)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)annulatorGoetghebuer, 1927

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)bicincus(Meigen, 1818)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)coronataHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)curtusHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)cylindraceus(Kieffer, 1908)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)festivellus(Kieffer, 1906)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)fuscus(Kieffer, 1909)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)mongolpequeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)mongolquereusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tibialis(Meigen, 1804)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tremulus(Linnaeus, 1758)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)triannulatusMacquart, 1826

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)trifasciaEdwards, 1929

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tristisHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Isocladius)intersectus(Staeger, 1839)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)laetus(Hirvenoja, 1973)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)laricomalisEdwards, 1932

Cricotopus(Isocladius)mongolreseusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Isocladius)obtususHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Isocladius)shilovaeZelentzov,1989

Cricotopus(Isocladius)sylvestris(Fabricius, 1794)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)trifasciatus(Meigen, 1810)

Diplocladius

DiplocladiuscultrigerKieffer, 1908

Eukiefferiella

Eukiefferiellabrevicalcar(Kieffer, 1911)

Eukiefferiellaclaripennis(Lundbeck, 1898)

Eukiefferiellagracei(Edwards, 1929)

EukiefferiellamongolteuaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

EukiefferiellamongoluveusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

EukiefferiellasimilisGoetghebuer, 1939

Euryhapsis

EuryhapsisciliumOliver, 1981

Heterotrissocladius

Heterotrissocladiusmarcidus(Walker, 1856)

Heterotrissocladiussubpilosus(Kieffer, 1911)

Hydrobaenus

Hydrobaenusconformis(Holmgren, 1869)

Hydrobaenusdistylus(Potthast, 1914)

Hydrosmittia

Hydrosmittiaoxoniana(Edwards, 1922)

Hydrosmittiaruttneri(Strenzke and Thienemann, 1942)

Hydrosmittiavirgo(Strenzke, 1950)

Krenosmittia

Krenosmittiaboreoalpina(Goetghebuer, 1944)

Krenosmittiacamptophleps(Edwards, 1929)

Lapposmittia

LapposmittiaparvibarbaEdwards, 1939

Limnophyes

Limnophyesminimus(Meigen, 1818)

Limnophyespentaplastus(Kieffer, 1921)

Metriocnemus

Metriocnemus(Metriocnemus)fuscipes(Meigen, 1818)

Metriocnemus(Metriocnemus)oiraquintusSasa, 1991

Nanocladius

Nanocladius(Nanocladius)dichromus(Kieffer, 1906)

Nanocladius(Nanocladius)rectinervis(Kieffer, 1911)

Orthocladius

Orthocladius(Eudactylocladius)olivaceus(Kieffer, 1911)

Orthocladius(Euorthocladius)abiskoensisThienemann et Krüger, 1937

Orthocladius(Euorthocladius)rivicolaKieffer, 1921

Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)frigidusZetterstedt, 1838

Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)roussellaeSoponis, 1990

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)clarkeiSoponis, 1977

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)dentiferBrundin, 1947

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)dorenus(Roback,1957)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)lapponicusGoetghebuer, 1940

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)maiusGoetghebuer, 1942

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)oblidens(Walker, 1856)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)rubicundus(Meigen, 1818)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)ulaanbaatusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)consobrinus(Holmgren, 1869)

Orthocladius(Symposiocladius)holsatusGoetghebuer, 1937

Paracladius

Paracladiusalpicola(Zetterstedt, 1850)

Paracladiusconversus(Walker, 1856)

Parakiefferiella

Parakiefferiellabathophila(Kieffer, 1912)

Parakiefferiellagracillima(Kieffer, 1924)

Parakiefferiellasmolandica(Brundin, 1947)

Parakieferiellatriquetra(Pankratova, 1970)

Parametriocnemus

ParametriocnemusboreoalpinusGouin, 1942

Paratrichocladius

ParatrichocladiusmongolseteusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Paratrichocladiusrufiventris(Meigen, 1830)

Platysmittia

PlatysmittiabilyjiSather, 1985

Propsilocerus

Propsilocerusparadoxus(Lundstrom,1915)

Psectrocladius

Psectrocladius(Allopsectrocladius)obvius(Walker, 1856)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)barbimanus(Edwards, 1929)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)bisetusGoetghebuer, 1942

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)litofilusAkhrorov, 1977

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)octomaeulatusWülker, 1956

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)psilopterus(Kieffer, 1906)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)schlienziWülker, 1956

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)simulans(Johannsen, 1937)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)sordidellus(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Pseudorthocladius

Pseudorthocladius(Pseudorthocladius)mongolyezeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudorthocladius(Pseudorthocladius)mongolzebeaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudosmittia

PseudosmittiaforcipataGoetghebuer, 1921

Pseudosmittiagracilis(Goetghebuer, 1913)

Pseudosmittiatrilobata(Edwards, 1929)

Rheocricotopus

Rheocricotopus(Psilocricotopus)chalybeatus(Edwards, 1929)

Rheosmittia

Rheosmittiaspinicornis(Brundin, 1956)

Smittia

Smittiaaterrima(Meigen, 1818)

Smittialeucopogon(Meigen, 1804)

Smittianudipennis(Goetghebuer, 1913)

SmittiapratorumGoetghebuer, 1927

Smittiaterrestris(Thienemann and Strenzke, 1941)

Synorthocladius

SynorthocladiusmongolwexeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Thienemaniella

Thienemaniellaclavicornis(Kieffer, 1911)

Tokunagaia

TokunagaiaparexcellensTuiskunen, 1986

Tokunagaiarectangularis(Goetghebuer, 1940)

Trissocladius

TrissocladiusbrevipalpisKieffer, 1908

Tvetenia

Tveteniacalvescens(Edwards, 1929)

Tveteniaverralli(Edwards, 1929)

Vivacricotopus

VivacricotopusablusesSchnell and Sather, 1988

CHIRONOMINAE

Chironomini

Chironomus

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)mongolabeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)mongolabeceusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)pallidivittatus(Malloch, 1915)

Chironomus(Chironomus)annularius(De Geer, 1776)

Chironomus(Chironomus)anthracinusZetterstedt, 1860

Chironomus(Chironomus)cingulatusMeigen, 1830

Chironomus(Chironomus)obtusidensGoetghebuer, 1921

Chironomus(Chironomus)palidusLinevitsh et Erbaeva, 1971

Chironomus(Chironomus)plumosis(Linnaeus, 1758)

Chironomus(Chironomus)salinariusKieffer, 1915

Chironomus(Chironomus)tentans(Fabricius, 1805)

ChironomusmongolcedeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongoldeeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolefeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolfegeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolheiusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cladopelma

CladopelmaarmeniacusTshernovskij, 1949

Cladopelmaviridula(Linnaeus, 1767)

Cryptochironomus

Cryptochironomusalbofasciatus(Staeger, 1839)

Cryptochironomusdefectus(Kieffer, 1913)

Cryptochironomusdentriculatus(Goetghebuer, 1921)

Cryptochironomusobreptans(Walker, 1856)

Cryptochironomuspsittacinus(Meigen, 1830)

Cryptochironomusredekei(Kruseman, 1933)

CryptochironomusrostratusKieffer, 1921

Cryptotendipes

Cryptotendipesdarbyi(Sublette, 1960)

CryptotendipesmongolijeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cyphomella

CyphomellacorneaSaether, 1977

Demicryptochironomus

Demicryptochironomusvulneratus(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Demiijerea

Demiijerearufipes(Linnaeus, 1761)

Dicrotendipes

Dicrotendipeslobiger(Kieffer, 1921)

Dicrotendipeslobus(Beck, 1964)

Dicrotendipesmodestus(Say, 1823)

Dicrotendipesnervosus(Staeger, 1893)

Dicrotendipesseptimacullipennis(Goetghebuer, 1936)

Dicrotendipestritomus(Kieffer 1916)

Einfeldia

Einfeldiacarbonaria(Meigen, 1804)

Einfeldiapagana(Meigen, 1838)

Endochironomus

Endochironomusalbipennis(Meigen, 1830)

Endochironomustendens(Fabricius, 1775)

Glyptotendipes

Glyptotendipesbarbipes(Staeger, 1839)

Glyptotendipesgripekoveni(Kieffer, 1913)

Glyptotendipesimbecillis(Walker, 1856)

Glyptotendipesmancunianus(Edwards, 1929)

Glyptotendipespallens(Meigen, 1804)

Glyptotendipesparipes(Edwards, 1929)

Microchironomus

Microchironomusderibae(Freeman, 1957)

Microchironomustener(Kieffer, 1918)

Microtendipes

Microtendipespedellus(De Geer, 1776)

Mongolchironomus

MongolchironomusmongoljekeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

MongolchironomusmongolkeleusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Parachironomus

Parachironomusarcuatus(Goetghebuer, 1919)

ParachironomusdanicusLehmann, 1970

Parachironomusfrequens(Johannsen, 1905)

Parachironomusparilis(Walker, 1856)

Paracladopelma

Paracladopelmacamptolabis(Kieffer, 1913)

Paracladopelmalaminata(Kieffer, 1921)

Paracladopelmanigritula(Goetghebuer, 1942)

Paracladopelmaundine(Townes 1945)

Paralauterborniella

Paralauterborniellanigrohalteralis(Malloch，1915)

Paratendipes

Paratendipesalbimanus(Meigen, 1818)

Polypedilum

Polypedilum(Pentapedilum)exsectum(Kieffer, 1916)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)acutumKieffer, 1915

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)laetum(Meigen, 1818)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)nubeculosum(Meigen, 1804)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)pedestre(Meigen, 1830)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)bicrenatumKieffer, 1921

Polypedilum(Tripodura)griseopunctatum(Malloch, 1815)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)pullum(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)quadriguttatumKieffer, 1921

Polypedilum(Tripodura)scalaenum(Schrank, 1803)

Polypedilum(Uresipedilum)convictum(Walker, 1856)

Polypedilum(Uresipedilum)cultellatumGoetghebuer, 1931

PolypedilummongollemeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Robackia

RobackiaclavigerTownes, 1945

Saetheria

SaetheriareissiJackson, 1977

Sergentia

Sergentia(Baicalsergentia)intermediaLinevich, 1958

Sergentia(Sergentia)longiventrisKieffer, 1924

Stictochironomus

Stictochironomuscrassiforceps(Kieffer, 1922)

Stictochironomuspictulus(Meigen, 1830)

Stictochironomussticticus(Fabricius, 1781)

Stictochironomusvarius(Townes, 1945)

Tanytarsini

Cladotanytarsus

CladotanytarsusatridorsumKieffer, 1924

CladotanytarsuspallidusKieffer, 1922

Cladotanytarsusmancus(Walker, 1856)

Cladotanytarsusnigrovittatus(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Cladotanytarsusvanderwulpi(Edwards, 1929)

Constempellina

Constempellinabrevicosta(Edwards, 1937)

Corynocera

CorynoceraambiguaZetterstedt, 1838

Micropsectra

Micropsectraapposita(Walker, 1856)

Micropsectrabidentata(Goetghebuer)

Micropsectrajunci(Meigen, 1818)

MicropsectramongolmeneusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

MicropsectraradialisGoetghebuer, 1939

Neozavrelia

NeozavreliamongolensisReiss, 1971

Paratanytarsus

Paratanytarsusbituberculatus(Edwards, 1929)

ParatanytarsusconfususPalmén, 1960

ParatanytarsusdimorphisReiss, 1965

Paratanytarsusinopertus(Walker, 1856)

ParatanytarsuskaszabiReiss, 1971

Paratanytarsuslauterborni(Kieffer, 1909)

Paratanytarsuspenicillatus(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Paratanytarsussetosimanus(Goetghebuer, 1933)

Paratanytarsustenuis(Meigen, 1830)

Rheotanytarsus

RheotanytarsusexiguusJohannsen, 1905

RheotanytarsusmuscicolaThienemann, 1929

Stempellinella

Stempellinellaminor(Edwards, 1929)

Tanytarsus

Tanytarsusbathyphilus(Kieffer, 1911)

TanytarsuscurticornisKieffer, 1911

TanytarsusglabrescensEdwards, 1929

Tanytarsusgracilentus(Holmgren, 1883)

Tanytarsusgregarius(Kieffer, 1909)

TanytarsusmendaxKieffer, 1925

Tanytarsuspallidicornis(Walker, 1856)

TanytarsuspseudolestageiShilova, 1976

TanytarsusmongolneousSasa and Suzuki, 1997

TanytarsusmongolopeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

TanytarsusvolgensisMiseiko, 1967

[1]FERRINGTON L C. Global diversity of non-biting midges (Chironomidae; Insecta-Diptera) in freshwater[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2008, 595:447-455.

[2]PINDER L C V. Biology of freshwater chironomidae[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1986, 31:1-23.

[3]ASHE P, O′CONNOR J P. A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae [M]. Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, 2009:1-445.

[4]POWER M E, DIETRICH W E. Food webs in river networks[J]. Ecological Research, 2002, 17(4): 451-471.

[5]PINDER L C V. The habitats of chironomid larvae. [C]. Springer Netherlands, 1995:107-135.

[6]KAY A B, GAD E R M O, STEWART J, et al. Widespread IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in Northern Sudan to the chironomid Cladotanytarsus lewisi (‘green nimitti’)[J]. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 1978, 34(1):106-110.

[7]CRANSTON P S, RAB M O G E, KAY A B. Chironomid midges as a cause of allergy in the Sudan[J]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1981, 75(1): 1-4.

[8]周 承, 溫廷桓. 太湖德永搖蚊過(guò)敏的調(diào)查[J]. 寄生蟲(chóng)與醫(yī)學(xué)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào), 1994, 1(2):42-47.

[9]SASA M, SUZUKI H. Studies on the Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) collected in Mongolia[J]. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1997, 25(4): 149-189.

[10]STRAYER D L. Challenges for freshwater invertebrate conservation[J]. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2006, 25(2): 271-287.

[11]HAYFORD B L. High gamma diversity and low beta diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) in streams of the Gorkhi Terelj National Park, Outer Mongolia[J]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2010, 159: 169-184.

[12]National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Mongolian Statistical Yearbook 2004[M]. Ulaanbaatar: NSO, 2005: 1-447.

[13]REISS F. Ein Beitrang zur ostpalaearktischenChironomidenfauna(Diptera) am Beispieleiniger Tanytarsini-Arten aus der Mongolei und Ostsibirien[J]. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 1971, 92: 198-212.

[14]WIEDERHOLM T. Chironomidae of the holarctic region[M]. Motala: Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 1989, 34: 1-532.

[15]KOSHOVA O M, IZMEST′EVA L R, ERBAEVA E A. A review of the hydrobiology of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia)[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1994, 291(1): 11-19.

[16]HAYFORD B. New records of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Mongolia with review of distribution and biogeography of Mongolian Chironomidae[J]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 2005, 78(2): 192-200.

[17]ERBAEVA E A, SAFRONOV G P. Distribution of zoobenthos in Hovsgol Nuur. //GOULDEN C E, SITNIKOVA T, GELHAUS J, and BOLDGIV B, editors. The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Hovsgol Nuur (Mongolia)[C]. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2006:403-432.

[18]HAYFORD B L, FERRINGTON L C. Distribution of Chironomidae in Hovsgol Nuur, Mongolia. //GOULDEN C E, SITNIKOVA T, GELHAUS J, and BOLDGIV B, editors. The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Hovsgol Nuur (Mongolia)[C]. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2006:433-452.

[19]HAYFORD B, BACHMANN J, GOTOV M. A comparison between communities of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from lake bays and affluent streams of the Lake Hovsgol watershed, Mongolia[J]. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2006, 155: 13-23.

[20]AYUUSHSUREN C, SHCHERBINA G K. Species composition and structure of macrozoobenthos in Lake Ulaagchny Khar (Mongolia)[J]. Inland Water Biology, 2015, 8(4):366-372.

[21]Shcherbina G K， Zelentsov N I. Chironomids fauna (Diptera, Chironomidae) in some waterbodies and watercourses of Mongolia[J]. Inland Water Biology, 2008, 1: 19-24.

[22]BOUCHARD W, FERRINGTON L C. Identification guide and key to chironomid Pupal Exuviae from Mongolian Lakes[J]. Available at http://www.entomology.umn.edu/midge/KeyToMongolia LakeSFPEv1. Pdf, 2008.

[23]ASHE P, O’ CONNOR J P. A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae[M]. Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, 2012:xvi+968.

[24]ASHE P. A catalogue of Chironomid genera and subgenera of the world including synonyms (Diptera: Chironomidae)[J]. Entomologica Scandinavica, 1983, 17:1-68.

[25]ASHE P, MURRAY D A, REISS F. The zoogeographical distribution of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera)[J]. Annales of Limnology, 1987, 23(1): 27-60.

[26]ASHE P, CRANSTON P. Family Chironomidae. //SOOS A and PAPP L, editors. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera[M]. Amsterdam: Akademiai Kiado, Budapest and Elsevier Science Publishers, 1990:113-355.

[27]OLIVER D R. Life history of the Chironomidae[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1971, 16: 211-230.

Progress on taxonomic research and directory of Chironomidae in Mongolia

CHEN Shan, WANG Li-qing, ZHANG Rui-lei

(1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; 2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; 3. Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Q969.44+2.6; Q959

A

2095-1736(2017)05-0098-07

2016-10-10；

2016-10-24

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31201739)

陳 姍，碩士研究生，研究方向?yàn)樗蛏鷳B(tài)學(xué)，E-mail: 415736565@qq.com

張瑞雷，副教授，研究方向?yàn)樗蛏鷳B(tài)學(xué)及水生無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物分類(lèi)，E-mail: rlzhang@shou.edu.cn

doi∶10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2017.05.098