張銀麗， 呂延慶

(洛陽師范學(xué)院 電子商務(wù)學(xué)院， 河南 洛陽 471934)

基于CDIO理念的電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系建設(shè)

張銀麗， 呂延慶

(洛陽師范學(xué)院 電子商務(wù)學(xué)院， 河南 洛陽 471934)

實(shí)踐教學(xué)是整個(gè)教學(xué)系統(tǒng)中非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)， 對培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)、 創(chuàng)新意識和動手操作能力意義重大。 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)目前存在總體規(guī)劃不全面、 資源配置不完備、 項(xiàng)目及案例匱乏、 學(xué)生實(shí)訓(xùn)機(jī)會有限等問題。 將CDIO模型運(yùn)用于電子商務(wù)專業(yè)的實(shí)踐教學(xué)， 構(gòu)建基于CDIO理念的電子商務(wù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系， 需解決建設(shè)電子商務(wù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、 建立并完善項(xiàng)目案例庫、 加強(qiáng)校內(nèi)實(shí)踐和校企合作等關(guān)鍵問題。 基于CDIO模式的實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系建設(shè)， 將成為培養(yǎng)電子商務(wù)復(fù)合實(shí)踐型人才的實(shí)施途徑和重要舉措。

CDIO； 電子商務(wù)； 實(shí)踐教學(xué)； 體系

電子商務(wù)是一門實(shí)踐性極強(qiáng)的學(xué)科， 涉及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、 信息、 商務(wù)、 經(jīng)濟(jì)、 管理、 現(xiàn)代物流等諸多方面。 電子商務(wù)人才培養(yǎng)不僅要求學(xué)生掌握基本的電子商務(wù)理論知識， 還要求學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)、 創(chuàng)新意識、 獨(dú)立工作能力和動手操作能力。 這些能力的培養(yǎng)必須通過完善的實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系來實(shí)現(xiàn)。

一、 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀

實(shí)踐教學(xué)之于電子商務(wù)課程教學(xué)相當(dāng)重要， 是課堂教學(xué)的進(jìn)一步延伸。 實(shí)踐教學(xué)能夠使學(xué)生充分感受電子商務(wù)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)作過程， 有效擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的視野， 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的商業(yè)意識， 提高學(xué)生的專業(yè)能力。 目前， 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)已引起高校的廣泛重視。 但由于電子商務(wù)是新興專業(yè)， 其實(shí)踐教學(xué)還處于起步和探索階段， 仍存在如下四個(gè)問題。

(一) 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的總體規(guī)劃不全面

電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)按實(shí)驗(yàn)類型可分為基礎(chǔ)類、 專業(yè)特色類、 創(chuàng)新類和創(chuàng)業(yè)類實(shí)驗(yàn)。 各實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的內(nèi)容相對獨(dú)立， 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)節(jié)缺乏連續(xù)性和互補(bǔ)性， 實(shí)踐教學(xué)比較零散， 缺乏系統(tǒng)性。 通過研究比較各高校的電子商務(wù)專業(yè)培養(yǎng)方案， 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)踐教學(xué)課程體系存在著一些問題。 如實(shí)踐教學(xué)的總體規(guī)劃不全面， 專業(yè)特征不明顯， 技能不突出， 開設(shè)的實(shí)踐課程差別較大， 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的教材較少， 培養(yǎng)方向模糊。

(二) 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的資源配置不完備

現(xiàn)階段， 大部分高校都建立了電子商務(wù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。 如采用模擬軟件的形式， 建立電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站的實(shí)訓(xùn)環(huán)境， 模擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷、 B2B、 B2C、 C2C等電子交易。 模擬軟件雖然能仿真電子商務(wù)的操作流程， 但只能進(jìn)行簡單的驗(yàn)證性實(shí)驗(yàn)， 網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成化低， 過于單一和淺顯。 學(xué)生只能掌握局部的理論和實(shí)踐知識， 得到一些初步的感性認(rèn)識。 這與現(xiàn)實(shí)中企業(yè)電子商務(wù)技術(shù)的要求存在一定差距。

(三) 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的項(xiàng)目和案例匱乏

項(xiàng)目教學(xué)法， 是教師和學(xué)生按照項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行教學(xué)， 即通過共同實(shí)施一個(gè)完整的“項(xiàng)目”而進(jìn)行的教學(xué)活動。 案例教學(xué)法， 是一種通過模擬或再現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的具體實(shí)例來進(jìn)行教學(xué)的方法。 這種教學(xué)方法允許學(xué)生把自己融入情景中， 并通過研討進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。 運(yùn)用這兩種教學(xué)方法， 可以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的溝通能力、 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力及創(chuàng)造力。 然而這兩種方法在實(shí)踐教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用并不理想， 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的項(xiàng)目和案例較匱乏。 實(shí)訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施有一定難度， 合適的項(xiàng)目往往既要求能使理論知識和實(shí)踐能力在其中得到完美結(jié)合， 又要注意新知識的引入、 教師和學(xué)生的協(xié)作， 整個(gè)過程是繁瑣而復(fù)雜的。 同時(shí)， 實(shí)踐教學(xué)中合適的案例也較少。

(四) 實(shí)踐教學(xué)中學(xué)生實(shí)訓(xùn)機(jī)會有限

為實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng)的目標(biāo)， 大部分高校投入大量資金建設(shè)實(shí)訓(xùn)基地。 把企業(yè)項(xiàng)目引入學(xué)校， 加強(qiáng)校企合作， 為在校學(xué)生提供實(shí)習(xí)和培訓(xùn)的機(jī)會， 以期通過真實(shí)的項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作來提高學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力、 分析問題和解決問題的能力。 但由于資金有限， 實(shí)訓(xùn)設(shè)備在各高校都不可能很完善， 學(xué)生實(shí)訓(xùn)機(jī)會有限， 技能無法得到全面的鍛煉和培養(yǎng)。

二、 基于CDIO理念的電子商務(wù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)

電子商務(wù)課程具有強(qiáng)實(shí)踐性的特點(diǎn)， 實(shí)踐教學(xué)是課堂教學(xué)的有力補(bǔ)充， 深化并拓展了課堂教學(xué)的授課內(nèi)容， 提高了課堂教學(xué)的有效性。 通過改革實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系來深化實(shí)踐教學(xué)， 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決實(shí)際問題的能力和創(chuàng)新能力， 提高其綜合素質(zhì)， 是電子商務(wù)專業(yè)教學(xué)改革的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

CDIO[conceive(構(gòu)思)， design(設(shè)計(jì))， implement(實(shí)現(xiàn))， operate(動作)]是近年來國際工程教育改革的最新成果， 它以產(chǎn)品研發(fā)到產(chǎn)品運(yùn)行的生命周期為載體， 讓學(xué)生以主動的、 實(shí)踐的、 課程之間有機(jī)聯(lián)系的方式學(xué)習(xí)工程。[1]CDIO模式層層遞進(jìn)地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的工程基礎(chǔ)能力、 個(gè)人能力、 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力和工程系統(tǒng)能力， 最終培養(yǎng)出具有綜合知識體系的復(fù)合型人才。[2]CDIO教育理念雖然主要針對工科專業(yè)， 但該模式的核心思想是以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力為重點(diǎn)， 改變了以往重理論輕實(shí)踐、 重個(gè)人能力輕團(tuán)體協(xié)作、 重專業(yè)知識能力輕創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)的局面， 充分適用于電子商務(wù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)。

借鑒CDIO教育理念， 融合實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的關(guān)鍵要素， 將集教學(xué)理念、 教學(xué)主體、 教學(xué)過程、 教學(xué)層次和評價(jià)機(jī)制五位為一體的工程化實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系模型運(yùn)用于電子商務(wù)專業(yè)的實(shí)踐教學(xué)， 形成五位一體的電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系模型(如圖1所示)。 結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)理論、 實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)和工程實(shí)踐， 形成綜合培訓(xùn)機(jī)制， 全面提高電子商務(wù)專業(yè)學(xué)生的工程化能力和職業(yè)素養(yǎng)， 以適應(yīng)電子商務(wù)復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的需求。[3]

圖1五位一體的電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系模型

三、 基于CDIO理念的一體化實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系建設(shè)

(一) 教學(xué)理念建設(shè)

CDIO是一種新型的教育創(chuàng)新模式， 對學(xué)生參與實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目的全過程、 學(xué)科知識的理解和應(yīng)用起到了積極的推進(jìn)作用。 高校電子商務(wù)專業(yè)的任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)有專業(yè)技能、 有社會意識和有實(shí)踐能力的復(fù)合型人才。 貫徹CDIO理念， 可以加強(qiáng)電子商務(wù)專業(yè)建設(shè)， 提高電子商務(wù)人才的培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量。 可以通過調(diào)整課程設(shè)置、 充實(shí)教學(xué)內(nèi)容、 改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法等手段， 整體化培養(yǎng)機(jī)制， 讓學(xué)生以一種平衡和全面的方式發(fā)展。

(二) 教學(xué)主體建設(shè)

教師和學(xué)生是教學(xué)實(shí)踐的兩大主體。 基于CDIO理念的一體化實(shí)踐教學(xué)， 要求教師要具備扎實(shí)的理論功底和良好的工程背景。 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)教師必須加強(qiáng)自身能力的持續(xù)提升， 擴(kuò)充技術(shù)知識， 參與企業(yè)項(xiàng)目， 以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的工程化能力。

(三) 教學(xué)過程建設(shè)

建立良好的實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)， 必須在CDIO教學(xué)理念的指導(dǎo)下， 依據(jù)工程化實(shí)踐教學(xué)的需求， 調(diào)整實(shí)踐課程的教學(xué)模式。 如在課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中， 對傳統(tǒng)課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行工程化， 通過充實(shí)改造工程教學(xué)內(nèi)容， 強(qiáng)調(diào)“做”， 更多地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的工程能力和職業(yè)素質(zhì)。 在課外項(xiàng)目和企業(yè)實(shí)訓(xùn)過程中， 注重與企業(yè)的互助合作， 設(shè)置實(shí)訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目、 建立實(shí)習(xí)基地， 進(jìn)入企業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)， 通過真實(shí)的工作環(huán)境、 真實(shí)的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)歷、 真正的工作壓力和實(shí)際的工作機(jī)會， 進(jìn)一步拓展學(xué)生的工程能力和專業(yè)素質(zhì)。

(四) 教學(xué)層次建設(shè)

根據(jù)CDIO對學(xué)生工程基礎(chǔ)能力、 個(gè)人能力、 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力和工程系統(tǒng)能力的劃分， 對應(yīng)地將學(xué)生實(shí)踐培養(yǎng)分為四個(gè)層次： 基礎(chǔ)層、 綜合層、 應(yīng)用層、 創(chuàng)新層。[4]基礎(chǔ)層主要通過專業(yè)課程實(shí)踐完成； 綜合層注重專業(yè)知識和工程能力的培養(yǎng)； 應(yīng)用層強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)建流程和系統(tǒng)開發(fā)能力的培養(yǎng)， 包括學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)、 就業(yè)、 人際交往能力等方面； 創(chuàng)新層強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)， 主要通過企業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)和畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到目標(biāo)。

(五) 評價(jià)機(jī)制建設(shè)

為了確保電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的良好運(yùn)行， 有必要建立一套易于操作的評價(jià)機(jī)制， 真實(shí)有效地評估實(shí)踐教學(xué)中所涉及的各項(xiàng)能力。 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)學(xué)生的評價(jià)機(jī)制貫穿整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程， 學(xué)生課程學(xué)習(xí)階段、 學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)階段、 學(xué)生實(shí)訓(xùn)階段、 企業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)階段等都需要評價(jià)機(jī)制的積極參與。[5]教師可制定課程評價(jià)表、 課程項(xiàng)目實(shí)驗(yàn)評價(jià)表和企業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)評價(jià)表等， 通過學(xué)生的反饋， 評估電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)的效果。 調(diào)查表的設(shè)置， 可使教師及時(shí)掌握信息， 進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化工程化實(shí)踐教學(xué)。

四、 電子商務(wù)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系實(shí)施的關(guān)鍵

(一) 建設(shè)電子商務(wù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室

加強(qiáng)硬件建設(shè)是開展電子商務(wù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)， 要求電子商務(wù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以完成教學(xué)所需的各類實(shí)驗(yàn)。 在計(jì)算機(jī)環(huán)境中可進(jìn)行認(rèn)知性或演示性實(shí)驗(yàn)， 以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對專業(yè)知識的理解； 在虛擬教學(xué)環(huán)境中可進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證性或模擬性實(shí)驗(yàn)， 學(xué)生可以通過電子商務(wù)平臺模擬參與電子商務(wù)活動； 在電子商務(wù)平臺和網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下可進(jìn)行綜合性實(shí)驗(yàn)， 以便將電子商務(wù)專業(yè)知識靈活運(yùn)用。

(二)建立并完善項(xiàng)目和案例庫

CDIO理念把工程素質(zhì)、 實(shí)驗(yàn)、 課程設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)等各個(gè)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)有效地配合和銜接起來， 通過整體設(shè)計(jì)其內(nèi)容， 形成一個(gè)有梯度、 有層次、 有階段性的實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系。[6]實(shí)踐教學(xué)中， 教師要根據(jù)教學(xué)進(jìn)度， 精心設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目， 將學(xué)生所需掌握的理論知識和實(shí)踐操作緊密結(jié)合， 并引入相關(guān)的案例進(jìn)行案例分析， 逐步充實(shí)項(xiàng)目和案例庫。

(三) 加強(qiáng)校內(nèi)實(shí)踐和校企合作

校內(nèi)實(shí)踐的主要形式是創(chuàng)建大學(xué)生實(shí)踐創(chuàng)業(yè)中心， 其職能是組織學(xué)生參與電子商務(wù)創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)活動， 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)方面的興趣和能力。 校企合作的模式是由企業(yè)提供實(shí)習(xí)基地、 設(shè)備和原材料， 企業(yè)為學(xué)校的教學(xué)計(jì)劃提供建議， 企業(yè)技術(shù)人員和學(xué)校教師實(shí)現(xiàn)校企雙方互聘， 實(shí)現(xiàn)“優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)、 資源共享、 互利共贏、 協(xié)同發(fā)展”的雙贏。 通過校內(nèi)實(shí)踐和校企合作， 從實(shí)踐教學(xué)的真正意義上講， 要著眼于學(xué)生個(gè)人技能的發(fā)展， 挖掘?qū)W生的潛能。

五、 結(jié)束語

在現(xiàn)代工程教育的倡導(dǎo)下， 我國許多高校吸收了歐美先進(jìn)的CDIO工程教育理念， 開展了基于CDIO的實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的研究與實(shí)踐。 CDIO理念適用于電子商務(wù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的建設(shè)， 通過實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的一體化建設(shè)， 可以使學(xué)生更好地理解和掌握課程知識， 有效提升電子商務(wù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)競爭力， 實(shí)現(xiàn)電子商務(wù)人才培養(yǎng)與企業(yè)實(shí)際用人需求的無縫對接。

[1] 雷環(huán)，湯威頤，EDWARD F C.培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新型、多層次、專業(yè)化的工程科技人才:CDIO工程教育改革的人才理念和培養(yǎng)模式[J].高等工程教育研究，2009(5):29-36.

[2] 劉會英，蓋玉先，徐寧.探索適合我國國情的CDIO工程教育模式[J].實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究與探索，2011(7):106-110.

[3] 廖志芳，胡志剛，任勝兵．軟件工程CDIO“五位一體”實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系[J].計(jì)算機(jī)教育，2010(11):128-131.

[4] 張璇，李彤．結(jié)合CDIO教育理念與案例教學(xué)進(jìn)行教學(xué)探索與實(shí)踐[J]．教育與教學(xué)研究，2008(24):155-157.

[5] 琚春華，劉東升，周怡.電子商務(wù)專業(yè)分類人才培養(yǎng)體系的探索[J].中國高教研究，2011(3):87-89.

[6] 陳啟元，任勝兵，胡志剛.工科大學(xué)生CDIO能力成熟度評估與改進(jìn)體系研究[J].中國高等教育，2009(8):31-33.

[責(zé)任編輯楊倩]

王占西1,2

The Zhensong Army and the Northern Expedition

WANG Zhan-xi1,2

(1. History and Culture College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; 2. Henan Transportation Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou 450005, China)

Abstract: In the history of Zhensong army, the most clashes occurred in Guomin army of Feng Yuxiang. Zhensong army used to be a bunch of brigands and a scourge wherever they went. Zhensong army paid allegiance, in turn, to Feng Yuxiang , Yan Xishan, Wu Peifu. Fight for turf, this army engaged with Feng Yuxiang’s Guomin army in Hu Han war and Xi’an campaign, both of which ended up with Liu Zhenhua’s defeat. After the siege of Xi’an, Liu Zhenhua split with his troops and they follow different factions. Liu Zhenhua’s Zhensong army was organized into Feng Yuxiang’s 8thgroup army, and this was when Zhensong army became a regular army. This army joined the war of Northern Expedition and fought hard baffling the enemy in Lanfeng battle and Kaocheng battle. After this army was reorganized into the 15thArmy, it joined “bandit suppression war”, the war of resistance against Japan, the war of liberation, and Liu Zhenhua became a real revolutionist.

Key Words: the northern expedition; the army of Zhensong; Liu Zhenhua

丁燕杰

On the Authorship of Qin Stele Inscription— Influence of Confucianism in Qin’s Governance Policies

DING Yan-jie

(Center for Studies of Qilu Culture, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

Abstract: Previously the inscriptions on the Qin Stele is thought to be composed by Li Si, however historical findings suggest that Li Si inventing the Small Seal Script and the Qin Stele is a gradual process, raising the question of whether Li Si did inscribe Qin Stele, or the real author is yet to be known. Qing and Han dynasties have a comprehensive historian system. The Doctor is a title given to Qin historians, which is recorded in historic writings and recognized by performing the Fengshan ritual along with the Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Qin Stele inscriptions have significant evidences to be influenced by Confucianism, indicating a Qin Confucian Doctor might be responsible for the Qin Stele, instead of Li Si. Qin Stele inscriptions reflected the Qin social policies emerged from the Warring States to the Han dynasty’s political reforms and cultural fusions.

Key Words: Qin Stele; Li Si; Small Seal Script; Confucianism

韓世康， 趙 昕

An Analysis of the Interaction between Athenian Polis and Dramatists during the Classical Period

HAN Shi-kang, ZHAO Xin

(School of History and Tourism, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China)

Abstract: Drama, one of Athenian polis’s important approaches of educating the citizens, was viewed as important as poetry. Dramatists were meanwhile educators, and the authority and the people were both aware of the educational function of drama, which, along with the interaction between Athenian polis and the dramatists, was why Athenian drama was flourishing during the classical period.

Key Words: Athens; tragedy; comedy; politics

方梅

Philological Study of Mistranslated and Inaccurate Buddhist Scripts during Six Dynasties —— Illustrated with The Sutra of the Difference between Good and Evil

FANG Mei

(School of Culture and Arts, Zhejiang Technical Institute of Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China)

Abstract: The translation time and translators of many Buddhist scripts translated during Han-Wei Six Dynasties were unidentified. A considerable number of characters in these scripts were not recorded in existing lexicon books, and can provide authentic instances of relevant lexical uses, to identify such characters as traceable. The Sutra of the Difference between Good and Evil, taken as an example, can provide illustrations of the lexical uses in the mistranslated and inaccurate Buddhist scripts.

Key Words: Han-Wei Six Dynasties; inaccurately translated scripts; The Sutra of the Difference between Good and Evil; philological study

李顏偉, 武千茹, 范成功

Fourfold Hermeneutic Motion and Analysis of Translator’s Subjectivity — Viewed from Xu Yuanchong and Yang Xianyi’s Versions of Li Sao

LI Yan-wei, WU Qian-ru, FAN Cheng-gong (School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

Abstract: A comparative study of two English versions of Li Sao translated separately by Xu Yuanchong and Yang Xianyi, Dai Naidie shows that, by adopting different translation skills, they both achieved satisfactory effect in conveying the meaning and style of the original text. Both sides exercised their subjectivity properly, through which Chinese cultural treasure was able to be reborn under the western cultural contexts. In the view of hermeneutic motion of trust, aggression, incorporation and restitution, the three translators saw proper subjectivity as their principles. Nevertheless, they were different from each other in specific translation strategies. After establishing the translator-text cooperation, all of them chose to make some supplement towards their translations: adding their own comprehension to the original’s implication, historical background and so on, or adding attributes and modifiers to fill the cultural vacancy. In this process, Xu strictly adhered to the structure of the original by utilizing the rhyme of abab and preferred literal translation plus domestication. In contrast, Yang and Dai preferred foreignization and they broke the original rhyme and adopting that of aabb, aaab, aaaa instead.

Key Words: George Steiner; Hermeneutic; the fourfold motion of translation; the two English versions of Li Sao; the subjectivity of translators; a comparative study

鄭東方， 汪愫葦

Research on Tourism English Teaching under the Belt and Road Strategy

ZHENG Dong-fang, WANG Su-wei

(1. College of Foreign Language, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; 2. College of Foreign Language, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China)

Abstract: The strategy of “the Belt and Road” devised by the central government, is a new policy responding to the current economic development situation internationally and domestically. While new requirements for the third industry are addressed under the new economic situation, the tourism English will play an important role in introducing the Chinese civilization and culture “going-out”. The issue of how to deal with tourism English teaching in college so to produce a large number of qualified tourist service talents has been listed on the agenda. A discussion will be made on the college tourism English in teaching in this thesis under the new strategy, and some solutions to these problems.

Key Words: the Belt and Road; Chinese culture; tourism English

秦慈楓

Research on the Path of the Reform of Oral English Teaching from the Perspective of Vocational Students Skills Competition

QIN Ci-feng

(Foreign Language Department, Anhui Institute of International Business, Hefei 231131, China)

Abstract: Vocational Students Skills Competition is a platform for displaying the results of vocational education. The performance of the competition is also one of the important standards for evaluating the talents cultivation quality of vocational colleges. Currently, there are some shortcomings of oral English teaching in terms of teaching concept, content and approaches, which makes it very difficult to improve students’ communicative ability. Aiming at cultivating students’ ability, oral English teaching should make full use of the directive impact of Skills Competition so as to conduct the comprehensive reform of teaching content and approaches and constantly enhance the quality of talent cultivation.

Key Words: skills competition; college oral English teaching; path of reform

陸丹凌

The Idea of Peasant Social Identity about Mao Zedong and Liang Shuming

LU Dan-ling

(Institute of Marxism, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)

Abstract: Mao Zedong and Liang Shuming both have penetrating understanding of peasant status. They share similar points of view: large peasant population, identical survival conditions and heavy burden of life. They also have different opinions, mainly about individuality of peasants’ mindset, social structure and social status. Comparing similarities and differences between the two thinkers help gain better understanding of Chinese peasants, whose role is fundamental for an agricultural country, which is reflected in the identification of peasants’ social status under certain circumstances. Uniting Chinese peasantry and the victory of the new democratic revolution in China is a reference for the traditional society to find the social orientation of the peasantry in the transition of modem society.

Key Words: peasant; social identity; the new democratic revolution in China

黃淑婷

The Two Dimensionality and its Contemporary Value of Lenin’s National Capitalism Thought

HUANG Shu-ting

(School of Marxism, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China)

Abstract: The connotation of Lenin’s national capitalism thought is extremely rich. In Lenin’s theory, national capitalism is the approach and the implementation of socialist values the goal, a gradual transformation into socialism and subsequently communism. The national capitalism was merely a way or method to the end. The comprehensive study on the rational kernel, two dimensionalities and its contemporary value of Lenin’s National Capitalism thought can fully show the whole appearance of Lenin’s national capitalism thought.

Key Words: Lenin; national capitalism; dimension; contemporary value 宋宇皓

Overcoming Destructive Factors and Upgrading News Media Public Opinion Guidance

SONG Yu-hao

(SMG Radio, Shanghai Media Group, Shanghai 200051, China)

Abstract: The concurrent public opinion ecology, represented by the new media, has been undergoing great changes and raising the bar of demands for news media. To fulfill the duties of news media, to raise the standard of public opinion guidance, it is necessary to overcoming various destructive factors, mainly from 4 perspectives: discrete selection of contents, careful adjustment of the magnitude of news broadcasting, scientific stetting of news broadcasting frequency and extensity.

Key Words: news media; public opinion guidance; broadcasting contents; broadcasting frequency; broadcasting extensity

楊 倩

Observation on Regional Teacher College Teacher Education Courses—On the Basis of LICC Paradigm

YANG Qian

(Institute of Education Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China)

Abstract: “Microscopic reform”, which is constantly emphasized by international education community, refers to modifications on the level of classroom practice. Classroom is the practical version of curriculum and the “culture medium” of teachers, which is targeted at learning on the part of every individual student and focused on real growth and study of every individual student. A thorough understanding of classroom is an indicator of a teacher’s maturity. Focusing on regional college teacher education courses, using participation and observation method as the initial approach, this study analyzes classroom teaching by accessing 68 observation spots, 4 elements and 20 perspectives, for the aim of optimizing classroom teaching and then students’ learning, and of improving teaching effectiveness and classroom cultural substance, which is to be elevated to the levels of the school and the overall education environment, an essential aspect of education efficiency and prospects of not only regional teacher colleges but also that of the whole community.

Key Words: regional teacher college; teacher education courses; classroom observation; LICC paradigm 李晶冰， 管亞軍， 呂明磊

College Student Ideological Education under the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Family Education — Illustrated with Chen Heqin’s Family Education Theory

Li Jing-bing, Guan Ya-jun, Lu Ming-lei

(Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Abstract: Family education is the foundation of school education. In Chinese people’s mind, the family and the home education is very important. Large parts of students come from other provinces; some students are lack of family education. Chen Heqin’s theory and practice about family education is a precious wealth of Chinese modern education. Chen Heqin’s family education thought has great importance on ideological education of college students for the administrators.

Key Words: ideological education; college student administration; family education; college student; Chen Heqin

韋 敏

University Applicability Oriented Foreign Language Education during the Transitional Period

WEI Min

(Qinzhou College, Qinzhou 535011, China)

Abstract: Currently, Chinese outbound economy is rapidly expanding and demanding large number of personnel competent in foreign languages. Presently, education of major international languages such as English, Russian and French are overwhelmingly significant, while the education of minority languages is relatively deficient. The existing problems in this field can be categorized into the following aspect: monotonous teaching paradigm, low effectiveness, lacking of instructors with practical work background, lack of teaching materials of applicable value, biased emphasis on education theories, and deficient practical type teaching. Therefore, 4 suggestions are proposed in this paper: adjusting pedagogical structure; cultivating personnel competent in minority foreign languages; raising the bar of teaching effectiveness; expanding the talent tank of education experts in this field; strengthening school-enterprise cooperation; creating a application environment for foreign language teaching; optimizing foreign language competence evaluation and implementing comprehensive evaluation.

Key Words: transformation; university; applicability orientation; foreign language talents; cultivation paradigm

姜 珊

The Vocal Characteristics of the Character Charlotte in Opera “Werther”

JIANG Shan

(Dalian Branch of Shenyang Conservatory of Music, Dalian 116600, China)

Abstract: The French opera “Werther” is a description of a female image to analyze. The image of the character Charlotte plays an important role in the opera. Composer Massenet successfully captured the inner feelings of the characters, making the musical lines fluctuating and captivating, to bring to the audience a strong satisfaction and artistic sensation.

Key Words: Werther; Charlotte; Massenet; singing skills; emotion processing

ConstructionofPracticalTeachingSystemforE-CommerceMajorBasedonCDIOConcept

ZHANG Yin-li; Lü Yan-qing

(E-commerceCollege,LuoyangNormalUniversity,Luoyang471934,China)

The practice teaching is an important link in the whole teaching system. It is essential to cultivate students’ scientific literacy and innovation consciousness and hands-on ability. By applying CDIO concept to practice teaching, this paper analyzes the present situation of E-commerce major relevant to practice teaching and the existing problems, constructs a practice teaching system for E-commerce major, and analyzes the key problems to be solved by implementing the practice teaching system. Based on CDIO, the construction of practice teaching system will be the way and important measures to cultivate talented personnel.

CDIO; E-commerce; practice teaching; system

G642

A

1009-4970(2017)10-0085-03

2017-07-25

張銀麗(1974—)， 女， 河南洛陽人， 副教授； 呂延慶(1976—)， 女， 河南洛陽人， 博士。