陳 京，王 晗，劉 萌，吳雄崗，樊學(xué)忠,2

(1. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所， 陜西 西安 710065；2. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所燃燒與爆炸技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 陜西 西安 710065)

復(fù)合改性雙基推進(jìn)劑降感技術(shù)及感度機(jī)理研究進(jìn)展

陳 京1，王 晗1，劉 萌1，吳雄崗1，樊學(xué)忠1,2

(1. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所， 陜西 西安 710065；2. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所燃燒與爆炸技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 陜西 西安 710065)

從高價(jià)值武器平臺(tái)戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈面臨的安全性問(wèn)題出發(fā)，綜述了復(fù)合改性雙基(CMDB)推進(jìn)劑含能組分降感技術(shù)及感度機(jī)理的研究進(jìn)展。從含能填料改性降感及取代降感技術(shù)、含能增塑劑降感技術(shù)及綜合降感技術(shù)等方面，總結(jié)了CMDB推進(jìn)劑能量與感度的匹配技術(shù)途徑。介紹了近年來(lái)含能組分與多組分感度機(jī)理研究工作，概述了CMDB推進(jìn)劑感度機(jī)理及預(yù)測(cè)方法。研究趨勢(shì)表明，新型鈍感材料和新降感技術(shù)有待進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用于CMDB推進(jìn)劑，應(yīng)結(jié)合理論計(jì)算研究形成感度預(yù)測(cè)方法，以提高CMDB推進(jìn)劑的研制效率及綜合性能。附參考文獻(xiàn)101篇。

改性雙基推進(jìn)劑；CMDB推進(jìn)劑；鈍感高能填料；鈍感增塑劑；感度機(jī)理；感度預(yù)測(cè)

引 言

改性雙基推進(jìn)劑(CMDB推進(jìn)劑)具有能量高、特征信號(hào)低、制造工藝成熟等特點(diǎn)，是應(yīng)用于戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈的重要固體推進(jìn)劑[1]。近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)武裝直升機(jī)、武裝艦艇等高價(jià)值武器平臺(tái)的飛速發(fā)展，大量應(yīng)用CMDB推進(jìn)劑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈被裝備于高價(jià)值武器平臺(tái)。CMDB推進(jìn)劑配方中含有大量高敏感的硝胺炸藥、硝化棉(NC)、硝化甘油(NG)等含能材料，導(dǎo)致其感度較高[2]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)[3]，裝備CMDB推進(jìn)劑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈在勤務(wù)、貯存及使用過(guò)程中發(fā)生意外燃爆，已成為導(dǎo)致高制造成本武器平臺(tái)巨大損失的主要原因之一。戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈用高能固體推進(jìn)劑裝藥鈍感化，已成為當(dāng)下提升高價(jià)值武器平臺(tái)生存能力的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)途徑之一[4]。

近年來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)外利用新型鈍感材料及降感技術(shù)對(duì)高能CMDB推進(jìn)劑進(jìn)行了大量研究，并針對(duì)CMDB推進(jìn)劑降感機(jī)理進(jìn)行了理論探索。本文對(duì)CMDB推進(jìn)劑感度與能量特性的匹配技術(shù)、含能組分感度機(jī)理及預(yù)測(cè)等方面的研究成果進(jìn)行綜述。

1 CMDB推進(jìn)劑感度與能量特性的匹配

能量性能優(yōu)化一直是CMDB推進(jìn)劑研究的主要方向。目前已應(yīng)用的CMDB推進(jìn)劑的比沖可達(dá)2160N·s·kg-1以上[5-6]，而含鋁粉及CL-20的新型高能CMDB推進(jìn)劑能量已達(dá)到2641.3N·s·kg-1[7]。固體推進(jìn)劑能量的釋放來(lái)自其含能組分的分解，而固體推進(jìn)劑的燃爆引發(fā)同樣來(lái)自外界刺激下的組分分解[8-9]，因此具有更高能量的CMDB推進(jìn)劑往往也具有更高的感度。如螺壓硝胺CMDB推進(jìn)劑的摩擦感度高達(dá)50%，特性落高僅為24.1cm[10]；含CL-20的CMDB推進(jìn)劑各配方的特性落高均小于20cm，摩擦感度均大于30%[11]。為了開(kāi)發(fā)同時(shí)具備高能量和低感度的CMDB推進(jìn)劑，國(guó)內(nèi)外均探索了CMDB推進(jìn)劑中主要含能組分的感度特性。CMDB推進(jìn)劑配方中含量最多、感度最高的硝胺炸藥和硝酸酯增塑劑的降感技術(shù)得到了重點(diǎn)研究。

1.1 含能填料改性降感及取代降感技術(shù)研究

目前針對(duì)含能填料的降感研究，一方面圍繞RDX/HMX的改性降感技術(shù)，包括晶體優(yōu)化和包覆改性等方法，維持CMDB推進(jìn)劑能量特性且降低其感度；另一方面圍繞新型高能鈍感填料的開(kāi)發(fā)，用以替代RDX/HMX，進(jìn)一步提高CMDB推進(jìn)劑的能量及安全性。

1.1.1 RDX/HMX改性降感技術(shù)

RDX/HMX的感度特性主要?dú)w納于炸藥的熱點(diǎn)起爆機(jī)理，該理論認(rèn)為炸藥不同的細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)可結(jié)合外界刺激產(chǎn)生局部“熱點(diǎn)”，引起氣泡絕熱壓縮、材料快速形變、撞擊面或顆粒間摩擦、破碎薄片絕熱壓縮等現(xiàn)象，產(chǎn)生熱量導(dǎo)致炸藥燃燒或爆炸[12]。基于熱點(diǎn)理論，目前研究從兩方面入手降低RDX/HMX的感度：一方面控制炸藥晶體的粒度、球形度、表面光滑度和內(nèi)部空隙率等形貌參數(shù)，減少局部熱點(diǎn)的生成概率[13-14]；另一方面采用不敏感包覆材料形成炸藥顆粒的良好界面作用，吸收機(jī)械和熱刺激來(lái)避免熱點(diǎn)形成和傳播。

(1)RDX/HMX晶體優(yōu)化降感技術(shù)

通過(guò)球形化處理、結(jié)晶缺陷減少及粒度控制等技術(shù)對(duì)RDX/HMX的晶體進(jìn)行形貌優(yōu)化[15]，可以改善硝胺炸藥的安全性且不降低能量指標(biāo)，使其適用于高能鈍感CMDB推進(jìn)劑體系。這些技術(shù)原理成熟、產(chǎn)能充足、成本可控，且不影響原料RDX/HMX的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。

RDX/HMX的球形化處理可以優(yōu)化晶體內(nèi)部及表面結(jié)構(gòu)，減少晶體內(nèi)和晶體間產(chǎn)生熱點(diǎn)的概率，有效降低RDX/HMX晶體的感度。采用的方法主要為重結(jié)晶[16-18]或噴霧干燥[19]等，技術(shù)手段較為成熟，目前已經(jīng)開(kāi)展工藝研究。同時(shí)，國(guó)內(nèi)外研究者采用物理研磨[20]、氣體反溶劑[21]、重結(jié)晶[22]、噴霧細(xì)化[23]等方法制備了超細(xì)化炸藥，并研究了RDX/HMX晶體粒度和粒度分布情況[24-25]對(duì)其感度的影響。呂春玲等[26-27]對(duì)HMX晶體不同粒度與撞擊感度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)晶體內(nèi)部的活性中心是炸藥受撞擊時(shí)的起爆點(diǎn)，而大晶粒炸藥中更易形成優(yōu)先點(diǎn)火的活性中心，因而撞擊感度越大；當(dāng)粒度在一定范圍內(nèi)減小時(shí)，炸藥顆粒的堆積密度與比表面積提高，可接受能量變大，減少了熱點(diǎn)生成的可能性[28]。隨著納米技術(shù)的發(fā)展，新型納米級(jí)硝胺炸藥得到了開(kāi)發(fā)[29]，國(guó)外Qiu等[30]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)納米級(jí)RDX具有低于微米級(jí)產(chǎn)品的沖擊波感度和機(jī)械感度。劉杰等[31-33]通過(guò)共沸分散體系或機(jī)械粉碎法實(shí)現(xiàn)了納米R(shí)DX與納米HMX的批量制備，具有良好應(yīng)用前景。

(2)RDX/HMX包覆降感技術(shù)

研究顯示，用鈍感材料[34-36]對(duì)炸藥晶體進(jìn)行包覆，能夠改善晶體界面的缺陷[37]并緩沖機(jī)械刺激，可有效降低炸藥燃速和燃燒轉(zhuǎn)爆轟過(guò)程(DDT)發(fā)展，是硝胺炸藥顆粒的重要降感措施之一。然而鈍感材料的使用會(huì)導(dǎo)致推進(jìn)劑能量性能的損失，目前采用兩種途徑來(lái)減小這一影響：一是采用真空氣相沉積和原子層沉積[38-39]等技術(shù)將包覆層厚度控制在納米尺度，如李茂果等[40]通過(guò)真空氣相沉積技術(shù)，在HMX炸藥顆粒表面100%包覆了較薄的石蠟和paralene膜，發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)包覆的HMX機(jī)械感度下降；二是使用含能彈性體[41]和鈍感炸藥[42]等包覆材料，如高元元等[43]采用溶液重結(jié)晶法用較鈍感的3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)包覆HMX，并測(cè)試了其機(jī)械感度，包覆HMX的H50值提高了14.8cm，撞擊感度降低了66%，且摩擦感度從100%降至50%。這兩種方法均能在降低顆粒感度的同時(shí)，極大程度地減小能量損失。因此，未來(lái)研發(fā)的RDX/HMX包覆降感技術(shù)，采用的材料除了具備改善顆粒界面功能之外需含有較高能量，而采用的工藝應(yīng)進(jìn)一步降低包覆層厚度。

可以看出，目前RDX/HMX的改性降感技術(shù)研究思路豐富、手段較為成熟，其中部分方法工藝簡(jiǎn)單、降感效果顯著，可大批量制備低感度硝胺炸藥。RDX/HMX的改性降感技術(shù)對(duì)于低感度CMDB推進(jìn)劑的研制具有重要意義，有必要進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展新工藝和現(xiàn)有工藝放大研究，拓展其應(yīng)用范圍。

1.1.2 新型高能鈍感填料的應(yīng)用

僅對(duì)RDX/HMX進(jìn)行降感改性，無(wú)法有效提高CMDB推進(jìn)劑的能量性能。因此研究人員設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)出了能量密度更高且更加安全的高能鈍感填料。使用這些新型填料取代RDX/HMX，以實(shí)現(xiàn)CMDB推進(jìn)劑的高能鈍感性能，具有巨大潛力。

1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)是近幾年研究較為活躍的一種高能鈍感炸藥[44-46]，其耐熱性好，能量密度與RDX相當(dāng)，但感度接近TNT[47]，與CMDB推進(jìn)劑的主要組分均可以良好相容[48]，是CMDB推進(jìn)劑降感技術(shù)的主要備選含能填料之一。樊學(xué)忠等[49]研究表明，F(xiàn)OX-7 不但可以明顯降低CMDB 推進(jìn)劑的感度，大幅提高CMDB 推進(jìn)劑低壓下的燃速，且保持了CMDB 推進(jìn)劑的高能量、低特征信號(hào)和較好的力學(xué)性能等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。此外，N-脒基脲二硝酰胺鹽(FOX-12)、2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)等新型含能填料均在CMDB推進(jìn)劑中得到了應(yīng)用[50-52]，然而這些推進(jìn)劑能量性能均弱于RDX/HMX-CMDB推進(jìn)劑。值得注意的是，3，4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)、1,3,3-三硝基氮雜環(huán)丁烷(TNAZ)等新材料，能量性能和安全性能均優(yōu)于RDX/HMX[53-56]，有望作為新一代CMDB推進(jìn)劑含能填料的備選材料。

1.2 含能增塑劑降感技術(shù)

增塑劑是CMDB推進(jìn)劑的重要組分之一，目前CMDB推進(jìn)劑廣泛使用的增塑劑是NG。NG具有優(yōu)秀的能量性能與塑化能力，然而其機(jī)械感度和熱感度極高，因此替代降感研究得到了重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。目前采用新型低感度增塑劑，對(duì)NG進(jìn)行全部或部分替代，是CMDB推進(jìn)劑降感的重要途徑。

三羥甲基乙烷三硝酸酯(TMETN)是一種具有代表性的低感度增塑劑，已經(jīng)在20世紀(jì)90年代被成功用于替代雙基推進(jìn)劑配方中的NG[57]。此外1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN)[58]、丁基-硝氧乙基硝胺(Bu-NENA)[59-60]、3-硝基呋咱-4-甲醚(NFME)[61]等新型增塑劑，均在鈍感配方體系中得到應(yīng)用研究。然而，這些低感度增塑劑的使用帶來(lái)了能量損失的問(wèn)題。為了在CMDB推進(jìn)劑感度性能與能量性能之間進(jìn)行平衡，近年來(lái)研究者開(kāi)始關(guān)注混合增塑劑對(duì)于推進(jìn)劑感度的影響[62-63]，如BDNPF/A[64-65]、NG/BTTN[66]、NG/DEGDN[67]等混合增塑劑，在CMDB推進(jìn)劑中應(yīng)用后，均表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)于單組分增塑劑的良好力學(xué)與安全性能[68]。伴隨著新型含能增塑劑的開(kāi)發(fā)與應(yīng)用，混合增塑劑體系可依據(jù)應(yīng)用需求進(jìn)行組合設(shè)計(jì)，因此混合增塑技術(shù)在低感度CMDB推進(jìn)劑領(lǐng)域具有較大應(yīng)用前景。

1.3 CMDB推進(jìn)劑綜合降感技術(shù)

雖然含能填料與增塑劑在CMDB推進(jìn)劑配方中所占質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)可達(dá)60%以上，但是針對(duì)推進(jìn)劑整體的降感技術(shù)不限于這兩者的改性和取代。CMDB推進(jìn)劑是具有多種組分的復(fù)合含能體系，各個(gè)組分之間的比例、相互作用等均會(huì)對(duì)推進(jìn)劑整體感度特性產(chǎn)生影響[69]。此外針對(duì)不同組分，結(jié)合多種降感技術(shù)，可更加有效地降低CMDB推進(jìn)劑的感度。例如滕學(xué)峰等[70]采用某低感增塑劑部分代替NG，結(jié)合某高導(dǎo)熱碳基材料進(jìn)行協(xié)同降感，明顯降低了AP/CMDB推進(jìn)劑的摩擦感度和撞擊感度。因此，在掌握CMDB推進(jìn)劑含能填料與增塑劑的降感技術(shù)之外，探索其他組分的物理或化學(xué)降感手段，并將這些技術(shù)進(jìn)行匹配結(jié)合，可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)CMDB推進(jìn)劑安全性能的良好控制。

2 CMDB推進(jìn)劑感度機(jī)理及感度預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)展

上述采用的CMDB推進(jìn)劑降感技術(shù)，其本質(zhì)以試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證為主，存在較大的盲目性[71]，缺少理論指導(dǎo)。要研究含能材料的感度機(jī)理，除熱點(diǎn)起爆機(jī)理等宏觀水平解釋外[72-73]，還需要結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)和反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的理論支撐。為了更好地解釋感度現(xiàn)象，指導(dǎo)高能鈍感CMDB推進(jìn)劑的設(shè)計(jì)，近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外均開(kāi)展了含能材料感度機(jī)理研究，目前已經(jīng)在材料感度和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之間建立了關(guān)系，形成了相應(yīng)的感度判據(jù)[8,74]。將理論判據(jù)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合，可用于單組分及多組分含能體系感度特性的解釋及預(yù)測(cè)。

2.1 含能組分感度機(jī)理及預(yù)測(cè)

燃爆引發(fā)現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生與含能材料的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān)，因此研究CMDB推進(jìn)劑中含能填料及增塑劑感度機(jī)理，需要深入其分子內(nèi)部，研究結(jié)構(gòu)特征與熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)的變化規(guī)律[75-76]，并用實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。目前CMDB推進(jìn)劑含能組分感度機(jī)理的研究方法，主要有量子化學(xué)(QC)[77-78]、定量結(jié)構(gòu)-性質(zhì)相關(guān)性(QSPR)法[79-80]及分子動(dòng)力學(xué)(MD)方法[81-84]等。

QC方法中用于感度機(jī)理分析的主要參數(shù)有含能組分的硝基電荷[85]、前沿軌道能級(jí)差[86]、靜電勢(shì)[87]等。肖鶴鳴課題組[88-90]對(duì)CaHbNcOd炸藥的撞擊感度機(jī)理提出了“最小鍵級(jí)”、“最易躍遷原理”等熱力學(xué)判據(jù)和“熱解引發(fā)反應(yīng)活化能”的動(dòng)力學(xué)判據(jù)。目前QC方法給出的機(jī)理解釋涉及分子結(jié)構(gòu)的多種參數(shù)，但適用的前提不盡相同，往往僅在同系材料中存在規(guī)律，因此難以用于解釋龐大含能材料家族的感度機(jī)理[8]。

QSPR方法使用遺傳算法和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法，在反映出含能材料拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及電子狀態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)構(gòu)建模型來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)含能材料的撞擊感度[91]。錢博文等[92]采用基于遺傳算法的人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在較大的樣本集中篩選相關(guān)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)建立構(gòu)效關(guān)系，提供了精度較高、適用范圍較大的模型。QSPR方法需要基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，然而目前感度試驗(yàn)缺乏統(tǒng)一的試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)存在較大的偏差，因此該方法需要進(jìn)一步解決精度問(wèn)題。

MD方法通過(guò)計(jì)算硝胺炸藥和硝酸酯增塑劑的引發(fā)鍵最大鍵長(zhǎng)(Lmax)、引發(fā)鍵連雙原子作用能和內(nèi)聚能密度(CED)等，可在不同的環(huán)境條件下進(jìn)行材料感度的預(yù)測(cè)[93]。此外，使用MD方法還可以模擬RDX等含能組分分解過(guò)程，利用反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)解釋材料感度特性[94]。MD方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能為研究對(duì)象提供不同的環(huán)境條件，然而目前動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)與材料感度之間還無(wú)法建立量化的規(guī)律性關(guān)系。

2.2 多組分的感度機(jī)理及預(yù)測(cè)

CMDB推進(jìn)劑各組分間在各層面的相互作用也會(huì)對(duì)體系性能產(chǎn)生影響，因此僅研究其含能組分自身的感度特性，無(wú)法全面地預(yù)測(cè)配方的感度特性[74]。然而CMDB推進(jìn)劑組分復(fù)雜，研究其感度機(jī)理需要進(jìn)行大量試驗(yàn)，且難以保證數(shù)據(jù)重復(fù)性和操作安全性[95-96]，因此有必要結(jié)合理論計(jì)算的方法進(jìn)行模擬分析。目前CMDB推進(jìn)劑等復(fù)合含能體系感度機(jī)理研究，主要包括宏觀的有限元分析及微觀的MD模擬。

有限元方法可以分析推進(jìn)劑各組分界面接受到的外界機(jī)械刺激作用，模擬感度測(cè)試過(guò)程應(yīng)力傳遞情況，尋找燃爆的起點(diǎn)，從而揭示材料感度機(jī)理[97]。將有限元方法應(yīng)用于CMDB推進(jìn)劑的感度機(jī)理分析時(shí)，需結(jié)合不同配方的組分與界面差異，針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行研究。

MD方法可以構(gòu)建多種組分的共混模型，并對(duì)模型中的分子原子狀態(tài)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。研究人員重點(diǎn)關(guān)注混合體系中的易爆燃組分，同時(shí)考察其他組分與易爆燃組分之間相互作用引起的結(jié)構(gòu)、性質(zhì)變化，從而預(yù)測(cè)體系感度的變化規(guī)律[74]。齊曉飛等[98-99]利用MD方法對(duì)CMDB推進(jìn)劑的組分相互作用進(jìn)行了模擬和分析，驗(yàn)證了增塑劑-黏合劑模型的可靠性，為CMDB推進(jìn)劑的感度機(jī)理模擬奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，使用MD方法研究不同配比復(fù)合含能體系的感度判據(jù)，如引發(fā)鍵最大鍵長(zhǎng)[100]、體系結(jié)合能[101]等參數(shù)，可以比較不同配比CMDB推進(jìn)劑的安全性。

結(jié)合模擬計(jì)算的方法，探索復(fù)合含能體系的感度機(jī)理，并將其用于指導(dǎo)CMDB推進(jìn)劑配方設(shè)計(jì)，可以極大地減少配方試驗(yàn)量，提高研制效率，增加試制安全性，對(duì)于推進(jìn)劑領(lǐng)域具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。

3 結(jié)論及展望

綜上，目前CMDB推進(jìn)劑降感技術(shù)及感度機(jī)理的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)如下：

(1)RDX/HMX改性降感技術(shù)發(fā)展較為成熟，降感效果顯著，已在CMDB推進(jìn)劑中得到了應(yīng)用。同時(shí)，新型高能鈍感填料及增塑劑已經(jīng)開(kāi)始取代RDX/HMX和NG，初步應(yīng)用于CMDB推進(jìn)劑配方中，顯示出了良好的綜合性能。

(2)固體推進(jìn)劑含能組分的感度機(jī)理研究主要采用模擬計(jì)算的方法，目前已形成多個(gè)層面的機(jī)理解釋。對(duì)于CMDB推進(jìn)劑等復(fù)合含能體系的感度機(jī)理研究起步較晚，目前只提出了初步機(jī)理與判據(jù)。

(3)未來(lái)軍事需求進(jìn)一步提升，CMDB推進(jìn)劑需要結(jié)合新型高能鈍感材料，進(jìn)一步探索配方能量與安全特性的平衡點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用范圍。因此開(kāi)發(fā)新型高能鈍感材料的同時(shí)，將其應(yīng)用于CMDB推進(jìn)劑，是本領(lǐng)域內(nèi)重要研究方向之一。

(4)未來(lái)感度機(jī)理需進(jìn)一步形成系統(tǒng)化理論，以實(shí)現(xiàn)新型含能材料感度的可靠預(yù)測(cè)。此外囿于復(fù)合含能體系的復(fù)雜性和有限的模擬計(jì)算手段，仍無(wú)法對(duì)其進(jìn)行量化的感度預(yù)測(cè)。因此，針對(duì)復(fù)合含能體系開(kāi)發(fā)新的理論模型并將其應(yīng)用于感度預(yù)測(cè)，是重要的研究趨勢(shì)之一。

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Progress of Study on Desensitization Techniques and Sensitivity Mechanisms of Composite Modified Double-base Propellants

CHEN Jing1, WANG Han1, LIU Meng1, WU Xiong-gang1, FAN Xue-zhong1,2

(1. Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China; 2. Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)

Starting from the safety problems faced by high-value weapon platform tactical missiles, the research progress in the desensitizing techniques and sensitivity mechanisms of composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellant energetic components was summarized. From the aspects of modifying/replacing desensitization techniques of energetic filler, desensitization technique of energetic plasticizers and comprehensive desensitization technique etc., the matching technique approach between energy and sensitivity of CMDB propellant was summarized. The research work on the sensitivity mechanism of energetic component and multi components in recent years was introduced. The sensitivity mechanism and prediction method of CMDB propellant were summarized. The research trend show that the new insensitive materials and novel desensitization technique should be further applied to CMDB propellants and the sensitivity prediction method should be combined with the theoretical calculation to improve the development efficiency and comprehensive properties of CMDB propellants. With 101 conferences.

composite modified double-base propellants;CMDB propellant; insensitive high energy filler; insensitive plasticizers; sensitivity mechanism; prediction of sensitivity

2017-09-03；

2017-10-29

國(guó)家安全重大基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目

陳京(1988-)，男，博士，助理研究員，從事固體推進(jìn)劑研究。E-mail:chenjing_mcri@163.com

樊學(xué)忠(1962-)，男，研究員，博士生導(dǎo)師，從事固體推進(jìn)劑配方及工藝技術(shù)研究。E-mail:xuezhongfan@126.com

10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2017.06.002

TJ55；V512

A

1007-7812(2017)06-0007-10