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      抓住試題特點,巧解任務閱讀

      2018-01-27 23:20:12康傳桂
      中學課程輔導·高考版 2018年1期
      關鍵詞:原詞表格年輕人

      康傳桂

      對于我們2018年參加高考的學生來說,了解一些英語任務型閱讀題的解題規(guī)律和技巧是非常必要的。其做題的基本思路是:抓住任務閱讀試題的特點,巧妙且靈活掌握解題思路,以課內學習為基礎,課外拓展為提高,以自己精心歸納總結為關鍵。

      同學們都知道,高考任務型閱讀主要是考查我們考生的閱讀理解能力!解答該類題要求我們考生在有限的時間內快速領會文章的主旨大意,快速理解句段細節(jié)意義和理清上下文的邏輯關系,要能夠理解文章作者的觀點、態(tài)度和意圖,同時不能忽視對語篇的整體把握和領悟。任務型讀寫的體裁主要是說明文和議論文。

      閱讀是由感知、思維、推理、評價、判斷、想象和解決問題等一系列積極的心理活動構成的。任務型閱讀主要依賴于“形式圖式”的能力,而“內容圖式”和“語言圖式”起輔助作用。相對傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解題型,它更注重對考生在語言輸入的基礎上強化語言輸出能力的考查,要求對攝取信息進行略論、概括、整理、理解并根據(jù)需要進行綜合應用。只有掌握解題規(guī)律和技巧,才能逐步提高閱讀能力,快速正確地完成指定任務要求。

      任務型閱讀的考點設計為:信息篩選題(信息查找)、信息整合題(信息轉換)、信息概括題(信息概括與總結)三類。而表格所要填的詞常有以下幾類:文中原詞,文中詞的詞形、詞性、詞義的變化詞,重組信息用文外的詞表述同一意義的詞,以及常見的歸納、概括詞。

      常見的表示概括性的詞匯有:

      定義:definition

      介紹:introduction, presentation

      說明:explanation, statement, instruction, direction

      導致:cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about

      表演:act, play, perform, give / put on a performance, play a part / role in, show

      成?。簊uccess, achievement, victory, triumph, failure, defeat

      利弊:advantage, disadvantage

      異同:difference, distinction, the same, similarity, equality

      優(yōu)點:advantage, strong point, strength, virtue

      缺點:disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback

      利益、好處:good, benefit, interest, profit, gain

      錯誤:mistake, error, fault

      質量、品質:quality, amount, number

      數(shù)量:quantity, amount, number

      目的:purpose, aim, goal, objective

      方法:way, means, method, approach, solution, manner

      措施:measure, action

      行為、活動:action, behavior, conduct, activity

      步驟:step, stage, process, procedure

      頻率、頻度:frequency, rate

      程度:degree, level, extent

      觀點、意見:opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint

      想法:idea, thought, thinking

      (無)意識:(un)awareness, (un)consciousness

      原理、原則、規(guī)律:theory, principle, law

      意義:significance, meaning, sense

      價值:value

      態(tài)度:attitude, manner

      感覺:feeling, emotion, motivation

      同意、正面:agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support

      反對、反面:disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection

      要求、需要:demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim

      問題:question, problem, issue

      答案:answer, key, solution, result

      反應:response, reaction

      變化:change

      比較:comparison, contrast

      評價:feature, character, characteristic

      特點:feature, character, characteristic

      種類:kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class

      等級:grade, rank, degree, class

      風俗、習慣:custom, manner, practice, habitendprint

      主題、話題:theme, subject, topic

      標題:title, headline, heading

      作用、功能:use, usage, function

      關系、聯(lián)系:relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact

      來源、歷史:origin, history, source

      事實、現(xiàn)實:fact, reality, actuality

      規(guī)則、規(guī)定:rule, regulation

      情況、狀況:things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state

      現(xiàn)象:phenomenon

      結果:result, consequence

      評述:comment, assessment

      下面我們來看看任務型閱讀題的解題步驟和技巧。

      一、略讀

      和做閱讀理解一樣,任務型閱讀也首先要理解文章大意,這是做題的第一步,也是關鍵的一步。因此,要快速瀏覽全文,尤其是每段的第一句話,即Topic sentence和首尾段落,理清文章的寫作思路和基本結構,以便加深對文章內容的了解。同時,文章的結構往往也是很重要的設題線索。表格項目可能就是根據(jù)文章的結構而設計的。只有讀懂了文章,才能順利地在表格中填出相應的信息。

      二、掃讀

      掃讀就是快速閱讀文章后,將文后的圖表等內容,理清其顯示的層次聯(lián)系,準確定位其考查要求。要特別注意表格前的小標題,它通常就是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了表格標題有助于理解短文及表格的大意,了解表格結構和題目的設置。如捕捉信息題可以去文中查讀,其他問題則需要對信息進行加工處理。一般題目的結構是:① 全文的標題。在標題中缺少一個關鍵詞,根據(jù)文章填出所缺的關鍵詞。② 各段大意。試題中給出各段大意,在給出的信息中缺少一些關鍵內容,考生把文章的各段對應起來,找準信息。③ 對各段大意的詳細的闡述。從文章各段或分散在全文的對應的信息點出發(fā),這要求學生有高度駕馭語篇的能力,在文章中找到準確的信息完成填空。

      三、精讀

      深入理解文章內容,精讀與空格中要填的信息有關的文段,尋找確定答案的關鍵詞語,或從文中進行概括,同時仔細斟酌用詞,確保填的是最恰當詞的最恰當形式。如填寫時要注意所填單詞的結構和形式,看是否與表格中所給的格式相同,同時注意單詞的拼寫、短語的搭配、所填詞匯的詞性、語法,所填單詞是否符合題目要求,還要注意字母的大小寫。

      四、復查

      通觀全篇文章,務必再仔細核對文章和任務,確保準確性。

      請看真題和解析:

      Do you know your uneasy adolescent might be experiencing teen depression? Of course. Teen depression isnt just bad moods and occasional sadness—its a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenagers normal life. The negative effects can lead to problems, such as smoking, violence and even suicide. But depression can be treated. So if your teens unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.

      There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. For example, teens can develop feelings of worthlessness over their school performance. And unsatisfied family life can have a major effect on how a teen feels. Sometimes, teen depression may result from environmental stress. But whatever the cause, when friends or family—or things that the teen usually enjoy—dont help to improve his or her sadness or sense of isolation, theres a good chance that he or she has teen depression.

      There are certain signs when teenagers are suffering from teen depression. Often, kids with teen depression will have a noticeable change in their thinking and behavior. Kids with teen depression may have a change in eating habits. Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders.endprint

      Changing in sleeping habits is another indication of adolescent depression. All teenagers love to sleep. However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to.

      A reduction of favorite activities, such as sports or chatting with friends, is another sign that cannot be neglected. If a teenager loves a sport and during the middle of the season suddenly decides to stop, there is a reason to be concerned about this change.

      When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. They may become defiant as there is potential depression. The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting.

      Making statements of despair is another sign. They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. This is very serious since it is estimated that every year approximately 10 teenagers from every 100,000 commit suicide.

      How is it treated? Here are methods, including medications and psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family conflict is contributing to the depression. The depressed teens will also need support from teachers. Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression.

      【解析】

      試題分析:文章介紹了年輕人壓抑的話題,包括年輕人壓抑的起因,現(xiàn)象和如何解決。

      1. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第一段的句子:its a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenagers normal life. 可知年輕人的壓力會影響他們過正常的生活,所以填normal。

      2. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子:So if your teens unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.可知壓抑的狀況持續(xù)兩個星期以上的人就要去咨詢醫(yī)生或看醫(yī)生了,填consult / see。

      3. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第二段的句子: There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. 可知這里講的是青少年壓抑的原因,填Causes / Reasons。

      4. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子: Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. 可知年輕人有壓力的話,可能吃的很少或太多,而這里使用詞組tend to往往會,容易做。

      5. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子:Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. 可知父母應該區(qū)分飲食疾病和壓抑的區(qū)別,填difference 。

      6. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子:However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to. 可知壓抑的年輕人會無緣無故地失眠, without a good reason.無緣無故。

      7. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第六段的句子:When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. 可知壓抑的年輕人會對事情表現(xiàn)出消極的反應:negative。

      8. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第六段的句子: The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting. 可知壓抑的年輕人會說一些冒犯的話,甚至和別人打架,填 remarks / comments。

      9. 詞性轉化題。根據(jù)第七段的句子:They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. 可知這些年輕人對于學習生活未來都感覺沒有希望,這里需要形容詞:hopeless。

      10. 句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子:Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression. 可知如果病情嚴重的話必須去醫(yī)院住院。填名詞:requirement / necessity / must。endprint

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