Copyright

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as - tacitly or explicitly - by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthors. Transfer of copyright to Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer becomes effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. After submission of the Copyright Transfer Statement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted by Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer. The copyright covers the exclusive right (for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or other reproductions of similar nature.

An author may self-archive an author-created version of his/her article on his/her own website and or in his/her institutional repository. He/she may also deposit this version on his/her funder’s or funder’s designated repository at the funder’s request or as a result of a legal obligation,provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after official publication. He/she may not use the publisher's PDF version, which is posted on www.springerlink.com, for the purpose of self-archiving or deposit. Furthermore, the author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com".

All articles published in this journal are protected by copyright, which covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article (e.g., as offprints), as well as all translation rights. No material published in this journal may be reproduced photographically or stored on microfilm, in electronic data bases, video disks, etc., without first obtaining written permission from the publishers. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.

While the advice and information in this journal is believed to be true and accurate at the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publishers can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Special regulations for photocopies in the USA: Photocopies may be made for personal or in-house use beyond the limitations stipulated under Section 107 or 108 of U.S. Copyright Law, provided a fee is paid. All fees should be paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, Tel.: +1-978-7508400,Fax: +1-978-6468600, http://www.copyright.com,stating the ISSN of the journal, the volume, and the first and last page numbers of each article copied. The copyright owner's consent does not include copying for general distribution, promotion, new works, or resale. In these cases, specific written permission must first be obtained from the publishers.

Subscription Information

ISSN print edition: 1672-5182

ISSN electronic edition: 1993-5021

Volume 17 (6 issues) will appear in 2018

Subscription Rates

For information on subscription rates please contact:Customer Service

China: xbywb@ouc.edu.cn

North and South America: journals-ny@springer.com

Outside North and South America:

subscriptions@springer.com

Orders and Inquiries:

China

Editorial Office, Journal of Ocean University of China 238 Songling Rd.,Qingdao 266100, P. R. China.Tel: +86-532-66782408, Fax: +86-532-66782408 E-mail: xbywb@ ouc.edu.cn

North and South America

Springer New York, Inc.

Journal Fulfillment

P.O. Box 2485

Secaucus, NJ 07096 USA

Tel: 1-800-SPRINGER or 1-201-348-4033 Fax: 1-201-348-4505

E-mail: journals-ny@springer.com

Outside North and South America:

Springer Distribution Center

Customer Service Journals

Haberstr. 7

69126 Heidelberg, Germany

Tel: +49-6221-345-0, Fax: +49-6221-345-4229

E-mail: subscriptions@springer.com

Cancellations must be received by September 30 to take effect at the end of the same year.

Changes of Address:

Allow for six weeks for all changes to become effective.All communications should include both old and new addresses (with postal codes) and should be accompanied by a mailing label from a recent issue. According to § 4 Sect. 3 of the German Postal Services Data Protection Regulations, if a subscriber’s address changes, the German Federal Post Office can inform the publisher of the new address even if the subscriber has not submitted a formal application for mail to be forwarded. Subscribers not in agreement with this procedure may send a written complaint to Customer Service Journals within 14 days of publication of this issue.

Microform editions are available from:

ProQuest. Further information available at

http://www.il.proquest.com/uni

Electronic Edition

An electronic version is available at springerlink.com.

Production

Printed in People’s Republic of China

Springer-Verlag is part of Springer Science+Business Media.