Farmers’cooperation,landtrustandruralrevitalization：afurtherexplorationofcomprehensivereformofsupplyandmarketingcooperativesinShandongProvince

KongXiangzhi18

To exploring the path of small farmers' integration with modern agricultural development is one of the key measures in implementing the rural revitalization strategy.The supply and marketing cooperatives in Shandong province created a system of county,township and village cooperatives (joint associations) in the comprehensive reform with land trust as the core.By the scale of service,the problem of fragmentation of family management has been solved,and a new path of moderate scale operation of agriculture in addition to land trust has been opened up.In this way,it enriched the connotation of the basic rural management system and developed a feasible path to integrate small farmers with modern agriculture. It is an important exploration to implement the rural revitalization strategy.

Theaccurateconnotation,essenceandplanningquintessenceoftheruralrevitalizationstrategy

JiangChangyun25

It is very important to accurately grasp the connotation,essence and planning quintessence of the rural revitalization strategy.We should pay attention to the systematicness,integrity and synergy in promoting the rural revitalization,promote the “two wheel drive” of the strategy of rural revitalization and the new urbanization,pay close attention to the evolution and differentiation of rural areas and realize rural revitalization in order. To accurately grasp the essence ofPlanoftheRuralRevitalizationStrategy(2018-2022),five issues is of great importance: promoting farmer’s ability of self-development; enhancing farmers' senses of acquisition,happiness and safety; increase the institutional supply for rural revitalization; persisting in problem orientation and promoting the realization of thePlan;enhancing the job deployment and the foresight/guidance of policy and institutional innovation.

CharlesS.Peirce’sabductionandthelogicofscientificdiscovery

ZhuZhifang95

Charles S.Peirce,founder of classical pragmatism,focused on the research of scientific logic through his life.He established a third reasoning mode besides induction and deduction: hypothesis or abduction.It is the law of backtracking reasons from observed facts or explaining facts.Abduction is the logic to conceive new theories and is different from the best explanation reasoning proposed by following scholars.The best explanation is a misleading concept because an explanation is a theory,either true or false.It is possible that we can not reach the final truth,but can reach the most proper theory during certain period.The most proper one only exists when there are alternatives to compare.The reasoning to select the best from among the alternative theories is the joint application of induction and deduction,is the logic of theory verification and evaluation rather than the abduction of Peirce.Abduction is the logic for science discovery.Discovery logic only exists when logic is a rational reflection rather than a formalized algorithm.

TentalksonnationalcharacterinthehistoryoftopicsonnationalcharacterinChinaandJapan

CaoZhenhua118

The discussion on national character is a major topic in the history of thought throughout the process of modernization of China and Japan.The study of national character in Japan originated in the trend of escape into Europe during Meiji period,which inspired the thinking on national character in China.Tentalksonnationalcharacteris a representative historical document in Meiji period.As the founder of many academic fields in modern Japan and the pioneer and leader of the study of national character in that time,Yoshika Yachi,the author of that book,outdistanced the simple translation of European documents and proposed “national character” as a distinctive perspective of the criticism of civilization,which became a model of self-consciousness and selfeducation for modern Japanese people.This perspective soon caught attention of brothers Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren.Today,the perspective is significant for rethinking profoundly the problems around the world.

AnalysisontheU.S.policestowardtheinternationalsettlementofShanghaiduringtheperiodof1911Revolution

TianXiaohong158

U.S.polices toward the international settlement of Shanghai during the period of 1911 revolution are the continuation of its historical polices as well as part of its whole policies toward China of this period.Exploring this issue will be of great help to promote the studies of concessions from a perspective of international contact and enrich researches on the Sino-American relationships in the 1911 Revolution period.From the American diplomatic documents we found that U.S,together with other concerning powers,did a lot to protect their privileges in the name of keeping safety during that period.They took over the Mixed Court of the Chinese government in the international settlement,which seriously infringed China’s judicial sovereignty.Ever since the beginning of the Revolution,the United States cooperated closely with other powers on the issues of Shanghai international settlement,which indicated that to protect its privileges and interests in China was the fundamental principle of U.S.policies throughout the revolution.

Oralculture,musicaesthetics,soundstudy:Considerationonseveralissuesrelatedtoauditorycultureresearch

ZengJunWangYingzi168

In addition to the narrow definition of “auditory culture”,we should fully consider the dimension of the history of media culture based on the changes of media’s form.Oral culture is based on the existence of human language,while phonetic voice is one of the auditory objects which have most cultural significance.However,throughout the contemporary auditory / sound research,“phonetic voice” is not the core issue.“Auditory culture” expands the research field of “musical aesthetics” and makes the research dimension which originally concentrates on artistic aesthetics more diversified.Similarities and differences coexist between “sound studies” and “auditory culture”.“Sound” develops the objective discussion and cross-disciplinary material analysis that “auditory” can not cover.On the other hand,the strong humanistic spirit of “auditory” as human feeling is not the natural characteristic of “sound”.The summing up and comparison of these issues will be conducive to the self-orientation of “auditory culture” and its conceptual boundary will be clearer.