蔣紅秀
too...to...是初中英語中一個(gè)非常有用的句式,同時(shí)它也是中考英語的重要考點(diǎn),掌握該句式重點(diǎn)需注意以下幾個(gè)方面。
too...to...句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“too+形容詞或副詞+to+動詞原形”,意思是“太……以至于不能……”。如:
This coffee is too hot to drink. 這咖啡太燙,不能喝。
I was too tired to get out of bed. 我累得起不了床。
We were too frightened to speak. 我們嚇得不敢說話。
如果其中的形容詞是many, much, few, little,則還可以后接名詞。如:
There was too much snow to go walking. 雪太大, 無法步行。
There were too many books to read in a week. 書太多,無法在一周內(nèi)看完。
I have too little time to do everything. 我的時(shí)間太少,沒法把所有的事都做了。
在通常情況下,too...to...句式中的不定式的邏輯主語就是句子主語。如:
Hes too young to get married. 他還太小,不能結(jié)婚。
句中不定式to get married的邏輯主語就是句子主語he。
若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子主語,且需具體表明該邏輯主語,則在不定式前面用for引出邏輯主語。如:
Its too expensive for me to buy. 這東西貴了,我買不起。
The box is too big for him to carry. 箱子太大,他拿不動。
He spoke too quickly for me to understand. 他說得太快了,我聽不懂。
在too...to...句式中,如果不定式是不及物動詞,則不能帶賓語;如果是及物動詞,則應(yīng)帶有自己的賓語,這個(gè)賓語有時(shí)是真實(shí)的賓語,有時(shí)只是一個(gè)邏輯賓語。如:
Hes too ill to travel. 他病得很重,不宜旅行(travel不及物,其后不能接賓語)。
Shes too little to ride a bicycle. 她年紀(jì)太小,騎不了自行車(ride及物,帶有自己的賓語a bicycle)。
The plate was too hot to touch. 盤子燙得沒法碰(touch及物,其后沒有賓語,但句子主語為其邏輯賓語)。
注意,當(dāng)句子主語為不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí),句子主語則與不定式之間具有被動關(guān)系,但此時(shí)的不定式卻通常用主動形式表示被動意義。又如:
The text is too difficult to understand. 這課文太難了,理解不了。
The text is too difficult for the students to understand. 這課文太難了,學(xué)生理解不了。
1. The box is too heavy for me to carry.
→The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.
→It is such a heavy box that I cant carry it.
2. The child is too young to dress himself.
→The child is so young that he cant dress himself.
→He is such a young child that he cant dress himself.
注:有時(shí)還可與 not...enough to...轉(zhuǎn)換,但此時(shí)要注意把原句型中的形容詞改為相對應(yīng)的反義詞。如:
The child is too young to dress himself.
→The child is not old enough to dress himself.
在以下幾種情況,too...to...句式可以表示肯定意義,而不是否定意義:
1. 當(dāng)不定式前有否定詞修飾時(shí)。比較:
He is too foolish to understand this. 他太蠢,不會明白這一點(diǎn)。
He is too clever not to understand this. 他太聰明,不會不明白這一點(diǎn)。
2. 當(dāng)副詞too的前面有否定詞修飾時(shí)。如:
Youre not too busy to come! 你不是忙得來不了!
Im not too old to learn a new language. 我還不算老,還可以學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言。
3. 當(dāng)副詞too修飾形容詞glad, happy, pleased,ready等時(shí)。如:
Im only too happy to come. 我很高興能來。
He was only too ready to leave. 他迫切想要離開。
She was only too pleased to help. 她很樂意幫忙。
注:這類句子中的too通常含有very之意,且too前通常有副詞only修飾。