胡堅
文化是一個地方的根和魂,社會進(jìn)步,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,人的素質(zhì)提升,都離不開文化的基礎(chǔ)作用和推動作用。
浙江自古就是富庶之地,是一方歷史悠久、人文薈萃、充滿活力的沃土。改革開放40年,浙江的文化建設(shè)伴隨著歷史的進(jìn)程走過了不平凡的歷程。
改革開放40年,文化為改革開放奠定了思想基礎(chǔ)、精神動力、人文底蘊和發(fā)展活力,也為自己創(chuàng)造了新的歷史輝煌。
1978年,中國共產(chǎn)黨的十一屆三中全會開啟了改革開放之路,思想、精神和文化走在了時代的前列。
撥亂反正理念的確立和思想的大解放突破了人們的思想禁區(qū),浙江人民以新的巨大熱情和無窮創(chuàng)造力,大力推進(jìn)中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的發(fā)展,也推進(jìn)新時期的文化建設(shè)。
浙江在全國率先恢復(fù)建立浙江省群眾藝術(shù)館,各地市級群眾藝術(shù)館、縣級文化館和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)文化站也相繼恢復(fù)建立。1984年,浙江省成為在全國最早啟動文化站建設(shè)的省份之一,將鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、街道文化站確定為全民所有制文化事業(yè)單位。1978年,全省共有鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)文化站1049個、文化館76個、公共圖書館63個、博物館19家;到了1987年,全省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)文化站發(fā)展到3526個、文化館93個、公共圖書館80個、博物館40家。同時,文化產(chǎn)業(yè)開始起步,音像業(yè)、娛樂業(yè)相繼進(jìn)入市場,錄像放映廳、歌廳、舞廳、音樂茶座等大眾參與型的新的娛樂方式相繼面世,成為廣大群眾追求的文化新時尚。
1992年,鄧小平同志南方談話的發(fā)表,為浙江文化事業(yè)的繁榮和文化市場的發(fā)展開辟了廣闊空間。1992年,全省文化經(jīng)營單位達(dá)12177家,至1993年僅一年時間即增至21252家,增長74.5%。1992年12月,在文化部第二屆“群星獎”評選活動中,浙江省共獲10塊獎牌,居全國首位。從此,浙江省文化建設(shè)步入快速發(fā)展的歷史時期。
1999年,浙江省首次提出實施“文化大省”戰(zhàn)略,打開了浙江文化發(fā)展的新篇章。
2000年12月,浙江省委通過的《浙江省建設(shè)文化大省綱要(2001-2020)》提出:建設(shè)文化大省是浙江面向新世紀(jì),全面推進(jìn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的一項宏大系統(tǒng)工程,是代表先進(jìn)文化前進(jìn)方向,建設(shè)有中國特色社會主義文化的重大戰(zhàn)略舉措。2001年,浙江出臺了《關(guān)于建設(shè)文化大省的若干文化經(jīng)濟(jì)政策》。2002年,召開全省文化工作會議,制定了《關(guān)于深化文化體制改革,加快文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的若干意見》,為浙江新一輪的發(fā)展奠定了良好的文化基礎(chǔ)。
2003年6月,浙江被確定為全國文化體制改革兩個綜合試點省份之一。特別是習(xí)近平同志在擔(dān)任浙江省委書記時提出的“八八戰(zhàn)略”中,把人文優(yōu)勢作為推進(jìn)浙江發(fā)展的一個關(guān)鍵因素:“進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮浙江的人文優(yōu)勢,積極推進(jìn)科教興省、人才強(qiáng)省,加快建設(shè)文化大省。”充分認(rèn)識文化優(yōu)勢對浙江發(fā)展的重大作用,把文化建設(shè)放在浙江全面發(fā)展中進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)部署,標(biāo)志著對文化的認(rèn)識達(dá)到一種嶄新的高度。
2005年7月,浙江省委十一屆八次全會通過《中共浙江省委關(guān)于加快建設(shè)文化大省的決定》。這是浙江文化發(fā)展中的一個里程碑?!稕Q定》強(qiáng)調(diào),重點實施文明素質(zhì)工程、文化精品工程、文化研究工程、文化保護(hù)工程、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)工程、文化陣地工程、文化傳播工程、文化人才工程等“八項工程”,使浙江成為全民素質(zhì)優(yōu)良、社會文明進(jìn)步、文化事業(yè)繁榮、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)、教育科技文化衛(wèi)生體育事業(yè)主要發(fā)展指標(biāo)全國領(lǐng)先的文化大省。
2006年2月,浙江省人民政府制定出臺《浙江省文化建設(shè)“四個一批”規(guī)劃(2005—2010)》,強(qiáng)調(diào)要建設(shè)一批重點文化設(shè)施,發(fā)展一批重點文化產(chǎn)業(yè),培育一批重點文化產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)塊,壯大一批重點文化企業(yè)。
2008年6月,浙江省委召開工作會議,提出了《浙江省推動文化大發(fā)展大繁榮綱要(2008—2012)》,強(qiáng)調(diào)要著力打造三大體系:建設(shè)社會主義核心價值體系、公共文化服務(wù)體系和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展體系。
2011年11月18日,浙江省委十二屆十次全會通過了《中共浙江省委關(guān)于認(rèn)真貫徹黨的十七屆六中全會精神,大力推進(jìn)文化強(qiáng)省建設(shè)的決定》,提出要重點實施中國特色社會主義理論體系普及計劃、公民道德養(yǎng)成計劃、文藝精品打造計劃、網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化和現(xiàn)代媒體建設(shè)計劃、重大文化設(shè)施建設(shè)計劃、基本公共文化服務(wù)提升計劃、文化遺產(chǎn)傳承計劃、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)倍增計劃、對外文化拓展計劃、文化名家造就計劃等“十大計劃”,動員全省人民把浙江建設(shè)成為人文精神高尚、文化事業(yè)繁榮、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)、文化氛圍濃郁、文化形象鮮明的文化強(qiáng)省。浙江的文化建設(shè)躍上一個新臺階?!拔幕瘡?qiáng)省”建設(shè)的6個年頭,浙江的文化建設(shè)與發(fā)展取得了全面的成就,文化的創(chuàng)造力、影響力、傳播力和推動力達(dá)到了新的水平。
2017年6月19日,浙江省第十四次黨代會隆重召開,進(jìn)一步提出建設(shè)“文化浙江”的新的宏偉目標(biāo):“在提升文化軟實力上更進(jìn)一步、更快一步,努力建設(shè)文化浙江?!睂崿F(xiàn)文化自信進(jìn)一步堅定,中國夢和社會主義核心價值觀深入人心,紅船精神、浙江精神廣泛弘揚,優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化得到有效保護(hù)和傳承,公共文化服務(wù)體系更加完善,文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為萬億級產(chǎn)業(yè),人民精神文化生活更加豐富,公民文明素質(zhì)和社會文明程度明顯提高,文化創(chuàng)造力傳播力影響力顯著增強(qiáng)。中共浙江省委、浙江省人民政府頒布了《關(guān)于推進(jìn)文化浙江建設(shè)的意見》,強(qiáng)調(diào)要把浙江建設(shè)成為公民素質(zhì)優(yōu)良、社會文明進(jìn)步的示范區(qū),文化事業(yè)繁榮、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)、文化名家薈萃、文化氛圍濃郁、文化印記鮮明的文化發(fā)展先行區(qū),成為在全國具有重要影響的文化高地、文明高地。
黨的十九大以來,浙江人民以各種途徑和方式推進(jìn)“文化浙江”建設(shè)的實踐。為了深入貫徹黨中央提出的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的保護(hù)與傳承工作,浙江省委辦公廳、省政府辦公廳印發(fā)《浙江省實施中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展工程工作方案》;為了早日將文化產(chǎn)業(yè)打造成八大萬億產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,浙江省委、省政府發(fā)布了《關(guān)于加快把文化產(chǎn)業(yè)打造成為萬億級產(chǎn)業(yè)的意見》,提出要實施八大重點產(chǎn)業(yè)計劃。
改革開放40年來,浙江文化迎來了歷史性的繁榮興盛的新時代,浙江人民的思想觀念、精神狀態(tài)、道德修養(yǎng)得到極大的提高,公共文化服務(wù)體系空前完善,人民群眾的文化生活越來越豐富多彩,文化產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入全國第一梯隊,優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化得到了大力的弘揚。40年的繁榮可圈可點,40年的成就不勝枚舉。
深入總結(jié)浙江改革開放取得偉大成就的精神密碼,總結(jié)提煉出浙江精神:“自強(qiáng)不息、堅韌不拔、勇于創(chuàng)新、講求實效、求真務(wù)實、誠信和諧、開放圖強(qiáng)?!闭憬駱O大地調(diào)動和激發(fā)了全省人民建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化的積極性、主動性和創(chuàng)造性,為推動浙江發(fā)展提供了不竭動力和精神源泉,鼓舞著一代又一代浙江人投身改革開放和創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新,干在實處永無止境,走在前列要謀新篇,勇立潮頭方顯擔(dān)當(dāng)。
大力推進(jìn)思想道德與精神文明建設(shè),促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展。總結(jié)提煉出當(dāng)代浙江人的共同價值觀:務(wù)實、守信、崇學(xué)、向善,浙江人民有了更加鮮明的行為標(biāo)尺。著力培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀,以誠信教育、友善教育、勤儉教育、孝敬教育等主題實踐活動為切入點,推動社會主義核心價值觀內(nèi)化為人們的精神追求,外化為人們的自覺行動。把深化“最美浙江人”主題活動作為培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀的品牌載體,“最美”現(xiàn)象真正由“風(fēng)景”成長為“風(fēng)尚”。
滿足人民過上美好生活的新期待,公共文化服務(wù)和文化事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。實現(xiàn)文化設(shè)施、文化服務(wù)、文化活動全省覆蓋,做到城鄉(xiāng)一體化、服務(wù)均等化,使廣大群眾能夠方便快捷地享受到優(yōu)質(zhì)的公共文化服務(wù)。建成了公共文化服務(wù)的軟、硬件建設(shè)相互配套,文化服務(wù)門類齊全,服務(wù)機(jī)制科學(xué)有效的公共文化服務(wù)體系。形成了長效的運作機(jī)制,完善相關(guān)的政策法規(guī),在全國率先建成比較完備的公共文化服務(wù)體系。
創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村公共文化服務(wù),創(chuàng)造性地建設(shè)農(nóng)村文化禮堂,打造農(nóng)民的精神家園。近幾年來,農(nóng)村文化禮堂建設(shè)都作為每年浙江省政府操辦的十件民生實事之一,在這種強(qiáng)有力的推動下,農(nóng)村文化禮堂建設(shè)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,內(nèi)涵不斷豐富,效益不斷顯現(xiàn)。目前全省已經(jīng)建成1萬多座農(nóng)村文化禮堂,成為浙江農(nóng)村一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。
文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為浙江綜合競爭力的重要組成部分,成為推進(jìn)浙江文化發(fā)展的重要突破口,也成為浙江經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要增長點。2016年浙江省文化及相關(guān)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值3232.98億元,占GDP6.84%。在“中國省市文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展綜合指數(shù)”和生產(chǎn)力指數(shù)中居全國第四位,影響力指數(shù)居第三位。
改革開放為浙江文藝的繁榮發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)大動力。大力推進(jìn)文藝創(chuàng)作繁榮發(fā)展,浙江打造了許多浙產(chǎn)的精品力作,影視動漫、新聞出版、數(shù)字閱讀、網(wǎng)絡(luò)文學(xué)、文藝演出、群眾藝術(shù)等均走在全國前列,具有很高的知名度。
采取了一系列重大舉措加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù),推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承。深入實施優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展工程,文化與自然遺產(chǎn)、歷史文化風(fēng)貌保護(hù)力度不斷加大,挖掘傳承地方特色文化,推進(jìn)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化和創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展,讓優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化活起來、傳下去,進(jìn)一步延續(xù)浙江文脈。國家文化主管部門認(rèn)定了五批共3068名國家級非遺代表性傳承人,我省以196人的入選人數(shù)位居總數(shù)第一。入選的全國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項目,浙江省連續(xù)4次入選項目數(shù)量保持全國第一,實現(xiàn)四連冠,總計入選217項。還有1076項省級非遺項目,位居全國各省區(qū)市之首,構(gòu)筑起一座璀璨奪目的浙江文化寶庫。
哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)不斷繁榮。浙江省是全國第一個制定了省級社會科學(xué)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的省份,即《浙江省哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)“十一五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,在研究浙江現(xiàn)象、總結(jié)浙江經(jīng)驗、提煉浙江精神方面,取得了創(chuàng)造性成果。在基礎(chǔ)理論、應(yīng)用理論、對策研究等各個方面取得了重大成就,形成了浙江哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)發(fā)展的寶貴經(jīng)驗。
文化像一條河不息地流淌,浙江文化從遠(yuǎn)古走來,正向著燦爛的未來奔去。40年是其中輝煌的一瞬,前方將更加絢麗多彩。
(作者系浙江省錢塘江文化研究會會長)
40 Years of Cultural Development in Zhejiang
By Hu Jian
Culture is the soul and foundation of Zhejiang. Culture is an indispensible factor in economic prosperity, societal progress, human happiness, professionalism as seen in Zhejiang in the past 40 years.
Zhejiang has a long history of culture and prosperity. In the 40 years of reform and opening up to the outside world, Zhejiang in eastern China has witnessed an unusual cultural development.
Culture: Soul of Reform and Opening
Up to the Outside World
The year 1978 saw China set out on an arduous journey of reform and opening up to the outside world as the result of the 3rd plenary session of the 11th central committee of the Communist Party of China. Breaking away from incorrect thinking, people of Zhejiang put soul and heart into economic and cultural development.
Zhejiang led China in bringing back the provincial cultural center. Pretty soon, cultural centers all levels came back. In 1987, the province had 3,526 cultural centers at rural township and 93 cultural centers at county and prefectural levels, 80 public libraries, and 40 museums. The cultural industry began to boom and new types of entertainment such as video houses, dance halls, song halls and music teahouses mushroomed.
The year 1992 saw Deng Xiaopings inspection in the south of China, which marked a turning point in the course of Chinas modernization drive as well as a turning point in the history of cultural development in Zhejiang. In 1992, Zhejiang had 12,177 businesses engaged in entertainment market. In 1993, the number jumped to 21,252, showing an increase of 74.5%. In December 2, 1992, Zhejiang received 10 medals in a national competition hosted by the Ministry of Culture, again leading the country in the number of the medals.
Zhejiang: Blueprints and Decisions
for Cultural Undertakings
What Zhejiang has achieved in the prosperity of its cultural undertakings is resulted from a series of key strategies and policies formulated and implemented over years.
In 1999, the province launched a strategy of building up the provinces cultural industry. It was a historical strategy.
In December 2000, the provincial government adopted an ambitious blueprint for cultural growth.
In 2001, a suite of preferential policies was launched to put the blueprint into practice. In the following years, more policies and decisions were put forward to push the provinces cultural growth.
In June 2003, Zhejiang was approved to be one of the two pilot provinces in the country for carrying out the restructuring of cultural administration and system. In the “Eight-Eight Strategies” put forward by Xi Jinping, then chief of CPC Zhejiang Committee, culture was considered a key factor for the general development of the province.
In July 2005, the 8th plenary session of the provincial CPC committee adopted a decision on accelerating the cultural growth of the province. The decision listed eight projects in the hope of consolidating cultural resources and promoting cultural undertakings in a comprehensive way.
In February 2006, the provincial government launched a six-year development guideline listing key cultural facilities, sectors, cultural industrial zones and businesses.
In June 2008, the CPC Zhejiang committee announced a work plan for the provinces cultural development from 2008 to 2012. The plan focused on three systems: promoting the socialist core values, promoting a public cultural service system and promoting the development of cultural industries.
In November 2011, another key strategy was adopted to further promote cultural undertakings across the province. The new decision launched ten key projects and vowed to build Zhejiang into a powerhouse of cultural undertakings. June 2017 saw the 14th provincial congress of the CPC, which launched comprehensive measures.
After the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, the provincial government issued a work plan to further safeguard cultural traditions. The government also issued a guideline on measures to be taken so that the cultural industry could reach a sales threshold of 1 trillion yuan per year.
Zhejiang: Cultural Prosperity
Over the past 40 years, culture has played a crucial part in the provinces modernization. In the final analysis, it is culture that positions Zhejiang as a pace-setter in the countrys reform and opening up to the outside world. Right now, cultural facilities and services are abundant, supported and guided by a system of policies, law, and government administration. In rural areas, village cultural centers are a top priority over the past few years of the provincial government. The cultural industry is now a key part of the comprehensive competence and contributed 323.298 billion yuan, or 6.84%, to the provinces GDP in 2017.
Zhejiang is Chinas leading producer of films, television dramas, press and publishing, digital reading, internet novels, mass market entertainment and recreations.
Zhejiang is a national leader in safeguarding tangible and intangible cultural heritage. By 2018, Zhejiang has 196 national inheritors, presenting the biggest percentage of the 3068 inheritors named by the central government. For four consecutive years, Zhejiang has been leading the country in having the biggest number of intangible cultural heritage items on the national lists. The province also leads the country in having the biggest number of provincial intangible cultural heritage items, that is, 1076, at the provincial level.
In philosophy studies and social sciences, Zhejiang leads the country in many ways. Zhejiang was the first province in the country that formulated a development plan for promoting philosophy and social sciences for the 11th Five-Year Plan period. The projects launched in this field have examined the province in many ways, yielding a great number of policies, strategies, decisions, and practices.
(The author is director of Zhejiang Association of Cultural Studies of the Qiantang River.)