高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養(yǎng)物對(duì)奶牛泌乳后期產(chǎn)奶量及乳成分的影響

項(xiàng)性龍 胡芳 葉日松 呂晉之 姜?jiǎng)灼?/p>

摘要：為研究高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養(yǎng)物對(duì)荷斯坦奶牛泌乳后期產(chǎn)奶量及乳成分的影響，試驗(yàn)選取254頭健康、泌乳天數(shù)相近的荷斯坦奶牛作為試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物，將其隨機(jī)分成A、B兩組進(jìn)行飼喂，A組為添加4%酵母培養(yǎng)物日糧組，B組為基礎(chǔ)日糧組。結(jié)果表明，高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養(yǎng)物的試驗(yàn)組奶牛產(chǎn)奶量下降幅度顯著低于對(duì)照組（P<0.05），試驗(yàn)組產(chǎn)奶量下降幅度1.55%，對(duì)照組下降4.89%。此外，試驗(yàn)組乳蛋白及乳脂肪的含量增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)高于對(duì)照組，試驗(yàn)組乳蛋白增幅3.19%，對(duì)照組增幅僅為0.32%;而試驗(yàn)組乳脂肪增幅4.99%，對(duì)照組增幅為3.67%。說(shuō)明高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養(yǎng)物可以提高荷斯坦奶牛飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率，間接提高奶牛泌乳后期的產(chǎn)奶量，延長(zhǎng)泌乳周期，顯著提高乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量。

關(guān)鍵詞：釀酒酵母培養(yǎng)物;泌乳后期;產(chǎn)奶量;乳成分;奶牛

中文分類號(hào)：S816.6 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2019）24-0184-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.24.045 ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

Effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of

dairy cows in late lactation

XIANG Xing-long1，HU Fang1，YE Ri-song1，LVU Jin-zhi2，JIANG Xun-ping3

（1.Road Environment Polytron Technologies Inc-Road Biological Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan 430070，China;

2.Zhijiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau，Zhijiang 443200，Hubei，China;

3.College of Animal Science and Technology，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China）

Abstract： For studying the effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of Holstein dairy cows in late lactation， 254 healthy Holstein cows with similar lactation days were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A was fed with 4% saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and group B was fed with basic high concentrate diet. The results showed that the descent rate of milk yield of the experimental group A with saccharomyces cerevisiae culture was significantly lower than that of the control group B. The milk yield of the experimental group decreased by 1.55% and control group decreased by 4.89%. In addition， the increase of milk protein and milk fat content in the experimental group was 3.19%， and 4.99%， respectively， which was higher than that in the control group（0.32% and 3.67%， respectively）. It suggested that adding saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to high-concentrate diet could improve feed conversion efficiency， indirectly increase milk production in late lactation stage， prolong lactation cycle， and significantly increase milk protein and milk fat content.

Key words： saccharomyces cerevisiae culture; late lactation; milk yield; milk composition; dairy cows

酵母培養(yǎng)物是在特定的條件下液體、固體的二級(jí)發(fā)酵或直接經(jīng)固體培養(yǎng)基發(fā)酵后連同培養(yǎng)基一起加工制成的產(chǎn)品，含有少量酵母菌、變性后的培養(yǎng)基以及酵母的代謝產(chǎn)物[1]。酵母培養(yǎng)物作為刺激反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃微生物的一種生長(zhǎng)因子，能夠改善瘤胃發(fā)酵功能、增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力、提高飼料消化率，最終起到提高反芻動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)性能的作用。魏時(shí)來(lái)[2]認(rèn)為，正常精料日糧中添加酵母培養(yǎng)物可顯著增加泌乳早期奶牛的產(chǎn)奶量。而對(duì)部分牧場(chǎng)使用高精補(bǔ)料日糧在泌乳后期應(yīng)用效果有待于驗(yàn)證。