李文 姜鑫宇 王華堅 趙文隆
摘要? ? 為研究不同配方肥料的應用效果,進行了氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)、42%復合肥(9-9-24)在烤煙上的施用效果試驗,并對烘烤后煙葉的產量與質量以及煙葉內在成分進行分析比較。結果表明,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)能夠明顯改善嵩明當地煙葉的產量,均價有了明顯的提高;氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)的施用使當地的煙葉內在化學成分協調性有了很大提高,糖堿比基本上控制在正常的范圍之內。施用42%復合肥(9-9-24)的煙葉內在化學成分協調性不夠好,糖堿比明顯偏高,鉀的含量也明顯不如施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)的煙葉。因此,綜合考慮,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)效果明顯優(yōu)于施用42%復合肥(9-9-24)。
關鍵詞? ? 烤煙;配方肥;產量;質量
中圖分類號? ? S572;S147.5? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A? ? ? ? 文章編號? ?1007-5739(2019)11-0003-02
Abstract? ? In order to study the application effect of different formula fertilizer,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26),compound fertilizer(9-10-30)and compound fertilizer(9-9-24)on flue-cured tobacco were tested,and the yield,quality of flue-cured tobacco and the internal components of tobacco leaves were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the tobacco yield and average price in Songming area.The amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves,and the ratio of sugar to nicotine was basically controlled within the normal range. However,compared with the tobacco leaves applied with the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30),the tobacco leaves applied with compound fertilizer(9-9-24) had poorer coordination of internal chemical components,significantly high ratio of sugar to nicotine and significantly lower potassium content. Therefore,with comprehensive consideration,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)were obviously superior to compound fertilizer(9-9-24).
Key words? ? flue-cured tobacco;formula fertilizer,yield;quality
長期以來,施肥技術一直受到國內外煙草種植者的重視[1]。按照測土配方、科學施肥、合理配比、經濟實用、增施有機肥、適度降低化肥用量的思路,推進科學、經濟環(huán)保施肥,以實現煙葉單產穩(wěn)步上升、質量穩(wěn)步提高、肥料成本穩(wěn)步下降的目標[2]。改善復合肥的配方結構,輔之以有機物質和微生物活性物質,并使之合二為一,有利于達到煙草優(yōu)質適產和低耗、低害的目的。
在煙田中施用一部分有機氮肥有利于煙株生長[3]。有機氮施用比例占總施氮量的25%可促進煙株對磷、鉀的吸收,提高上部葉含鉀量,增加下部葉含糖量[4]。相關研究表明,在施用化學肥料的同時,適量施用有機肥可以保持土壤肥力,維持土壤養(yǎng)分的平衡,防止適宜種煙的土壤環(huán)境遭到破壞,而且對提高煙葉品質也是有益的。
1? ? 材料與方法
1.1? ? 試驗地概況
試驗在昆明市嵩明縣嵩陽鎮(zhèn)進行,供試土壤理化性狀為pH值6.5、有機質2.5%、堿解氮100.2 mg/kg、速效磷35.8 mg/kg、速效鉀150.3 mg/kg。
1.2? ? 供試材料
供試烤煙品種為云煙85。
供試肥料為氨基酸肥料(9-12-12)、49%復合肥(9-10-30)、42%復合肥(9-9-24)、硫酸鉀。