1. contain? vt.? 包含;包括;裝有;容納

The book contains twenty pictures.

這本書含有20幅圖。

The classroom can contain 60 people.

這個(gè)教室可容納60人。

比較：contain和include的區(qū)別

（1）contain側(cè)重所含的量與成分。

The basket contains a variety of fruits.

這籃子里裝有各種水果。

This drink doesnt contain any alcohol.

這種飲料不含任何酒精。

（2）include側(cè)重于對(duì)比整體與部分，指某整體包含或容納某部分。

The money I gave you included Xiao Zhangs.

我給你的錢里包括了給小張的錢。

This dictionary is 100 yuan， postage included.

這本詞典連郵費(fèi)共一百元。

（3）include常以including（名詞或代詞前）或included（名詞或代詞后）的形式出現(xiàn)在短語中，用來舉例、解釋或補(bǔ)充說明。

There are ten of us here， including three girls.

= There are ten of us here， three girls included.

Everybody has something to say， me included.

= Everybody has something to say， including me.

2. design? vt. & n.? 設(shè)計(jì)

The experiment is designed to test the new medicine.

實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是試驗(yàn)新藥。

Who designed the Water Cube？

誰設(shè)計(jì)了水立方？

This building is a bad design.

這棟樓是一個(gè)失敗的設(shè)計(jì)。

design for? 為……設(shè)計(jì)

be designed for/to do? 專為……而做（設(shè)置）

by design? 故意地;有意地

3. create? vt.? 創(chuàng)造;發(fā)明

An artist should create beautiful things.

一個(gè)藝術(shù)家應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造美麗的東西。

The government plans to create more jobs for young people.

政府計(jì)劃為年輕人創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

比較：discover，create，invent和find的區(qū)別

discover指發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物是本來存在但沒人知道的;create指創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造新的事物;invent指發(fā)明，通過研究制造出從前沒有的東西;find指找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)找到某物的結(jié)果，不強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。

4. shorten? vt.? 縮短

The days shorten in November in this country.

在這個(gè)國(guó)家，白天在十一月會(huì)變短。

The teacher told me to shorten my report to one page.

老師讓我把報(bào)告縮短為一頁(yè)。

5. breakdown? n.? 故障;失敗;（身體）垮掉

I dont know how to deal with the network breakdown.

我不知道如何處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障。

He couldnt work after his breakdown.

他病倒以后，就不能工作了。

break down? 出故障;壞掉;失敗;垮掉;把……分類;劃分;分解

The machine has broken down.

這臺(tái)機(jī)器出故障了。

Our car broke down on the motorway.

我們的汽車在高速公路上拋錨了。

Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.

雙方談判失敗了。

Each lesson is broken down into several units.

每一課都分成幾部分。

Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.

糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。

6. disadvantage? n.? 不利因素;障礙;不便之處

There are disadvantages to the plan.

這個(gè)計(jì)劃有諸多不利因素。

What is the disadvantage of using water power？