任瀟毅 陳建中 劉景超 鄭英斌
[摘要]?目的?探究RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默DNA聚合酶β(DNA polβ)基因?qū)θ巳榘┘?xì)胞的增殖、侵襲的影響。
方法
構(gòu)建3種DNA polβ-siRNA質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染人乳癌細(xì)胞(MCF-7),選擇最優(yōu)DNA polβ-siRNA質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。應(yīng)用熒光定量PCR和Western blot檢測質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染效率;噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)方法檢測DNA polβ-siRNA對細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響;Transwell檢測敲降DNA polβ基因?qū)CF-7細(xì)胞侵襲能力的影響。
結(jié)果?DNA polβ-siRNA不僅能夠抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞中DNA polβ的表達(dá),而且還能抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖(F=5.8、8.6,P<0.05)和侵襲能力(F=5.2,P<0.05)。
結(jié)論?DNA polβ-siRNA可有效抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲。
[關(guān)鍵詞]?乳房腫瘤;DNA聚合酶β;RNA干擾;MCF-7細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞增殖;腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移
[中圖分類號]?R737.9;R394.114
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]?A
[文章編號]??2096-5532(2019)06-0696-04
doi:10.11712/jms201906016
[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]
EFFECTS OF THE DNA POLβ GENE ON PROLIFERATION AND INVASION OF BREAST CANCER MCF-7 CELLS
REN Xiaoyi, CHEN Jianzhong, LIU Jingchao, ZHENG Yingbin
(Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,?Zhengzhou 450014, China)
[ABSTRACT] Objective To explore the effects of silencing the DNA polymerase β (polβ) gene by RNA interference technology on the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells.
Methods Three DNA polβ-siRNA plasmids were constructed and then transfected into human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The optimal DNA polβ-siRNA plasmid was selected for subsequent experiments. The efficiency of plasmid transfection was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The effect of the DNA polβ-siRNA on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The effect of knockdown of the DNA polβ gene on cell invasion was measured by Transwell assay.
Results The DNA polβ-siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of DNA polβ in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the DNA polβ-siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation (F=5.8,8.6;P<0.05) and invasion (F=5.2,P<0.05) of MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion The DNA polβ-siRNA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and invasion of MCF-7 cells.
[KEY WORDS] breast neoplasms; DNA polymerase beta; RNA interference; MCF-7 cells; cell proliferation; neoplasm metastasis
全球女性中乳癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率占女性惡性腫瘤之首[1]。目前,治療乳癌的主要方法包括手術(shù)治療、放療和化療等,但有侵入性強(qiáng)、副作用明顯等缺點(diǎn),對病人身體和心理上有一定程度的損傷[2-4]。因此,尋找新的治療手段非常重要。DNA聚合酶β(DNA pol β)基因已被證實(shí)與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有密切的關(guān)系[5-6]。在正常情況下,DNA polβ的表達(dá)保持著持續(xù)的低水平,而在腫瘤細(xì)胞中高表達(dá),并常伴隨著結(jié)構(gòu)突變[7]。然而,DNA polβ基因在乳癌細(xì)胞中作用研究則少報(bào)道。在本文中,我們研究DNA polβ基因?qū)θ榘┘?xì)胞的增殖和侵襲的影響,探究其是否可作為治療乳癌的新靶點(diǎn)。
1?材料與方法
1.1?材料
人乳癌細(xì)胞MCF-7購買于中橋新舟;轉(zhuǎn)染試劑脂質(zhì)體2000購自Invitrogen公司;總RNA提取試劑盒購于北京百泰克生物技術(shù)有限公司;反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑Quantscript RT Kit與熒光定量試劑SuperReal、熒光定量預(yù)混試劑彩色版(SYBR Green)購于天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒購于碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司;抗DNA polβ和β-actin抗體購于Santa Cruz生物公司;辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)購于碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司;脂質(zhì)體2000購于Invitrogen公司;噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)與二甲基亞砜(DMSO)購于Sigma公司;Matrigel膠購于BD公司。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中所用引
物由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成,上游引物序列為CCGCAGGAGACTCTCAACG,下游引物序列為GTACTTGTGGATAGCTTGGCTC。
1.2?方法
1.2.1?質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建與轉(zhuǎn)染?構(gòu)建3種Pslience 2.0-DNA polβ siRNA質(zhì)粒和1種Pslience 2.0-NC-siRNA對照質(zhì)粒。以不加質(zhì)粒的MCF-7細(xì)胞為陰性Control組(C組)、以NC-siRNA為對照質(zhì)粒組(D組)、以1~3號DNA polβ-siRNA質(zhì)粒為敲降組(E組、F組、G組),篩選DNA polβ-siRNA的敲降效率。培養(yǎng)MCF-7細(xì)胞融合達(dá)到85%左右,將細(xì)胞消化后接種于6孔板中。利用脂質(zhì)體2000將對照質(zhì)粒、DNA polβ質(zhì)粒分別轉(zhuǎn)染進(jìn)入MCF-7細(xì)胞,37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)24 h后檢測轉(zhuǎn)染效率。選擇敲降效率最好的siRNA質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn),分組為Control組(A組)、NC-siRNA組(B組)和DNA polβ-siRNA組(C組)。
1.2.2?熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)?收集細(xì)胞,以總RNA提取試劑盒提取總RNA,使用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒反轉(zhuǎn)錄總RNA得到樣品cDNA。RT-PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測各組細(xì)胞中DNA polβ基因的表達(dá)水平。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用20 μL反應(yīng)體系:cDNA模板1 μL,上下游引物各0.5 μL,SYBR GREEN master mix 10 μL,ddH2O補(bǔ)齊至20 μL。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次,結(jié)果分析采用2-△△CT方法[8]。
1.2.3?蛋白質(zhì)印跡(Western blot)實(shí)驗(yàn)?RIPA裂解液裂解細(xì)胞后,以BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒檢測蛋白濃度。同質(zhì)量蛋白質(zhì)樣品經(jīng)聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳進(jìn)行分離。將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜上,50 g/L脫脂牛奶孵育PVDF膜1 h。利用DNA polβ抗體和β-actin抗體分別孵育PVDF膜,4 ℃過夜。一抗孵育后,使用辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)作為二抗,孵育PVDF膜(37 ℃、45 min)。二抗孵育后,使用ECL發(fā)光液處理,并在暗室中拍照。β-actin作為內(nèi)參照。
1.2.4?MTT檢測?MCF-7細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染質(zhì)粒后培養(yǎng)48 h,加入濃度為5 g/L的MTT溶液,放置于37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h。取出細(xì)胞,吸除上清,向細(xì)胞中加入200 μL的DMSO溶液。利用酶標(biāo)儀測定各組細(xì)胞在490 nm波長處的吸光度(A)值,并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。
1.2.5?Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)?用Matrigel膠包被Transwell小室,放置于37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中2 h。將Transwell小室放置于24孔板上,下室加入含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.30胎牛血清的培養(yǎng)液800 μL,上室加入200 μL、2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶消化后的單細(xì)胞懸液,細(xì)胞數(shù)均為每孔1×104個。將24孔板置于37 ℃、含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2、飽和濕度條件下的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。培養(yǎng)后,Transwell小室使用40 g/L多聚甲醛室溫下固定20 min,5 g/L甲紫染液染色5 min。使用倒置光學(xué)顯微鏡(200倍)對遷移微孔膜下層的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。
1.3?統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
本實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和作圖均使用SPSS 13.0軟件。計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用±s表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析中Bonferroni方法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。以P<0.05為差異具有顯著性。
2?結(jié)?果
2.1?DNA polβ-siRNA敲降效率
本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用RT-PCR和Western blot技術(shù)檢測DNA polβ-siRNA的敲降效率,結(jié)果表明,3種DNA polβ-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染MCF-7細(xì)胞后,DNA polβ的mRNA和蛋白水平均明顯低于轉(zhuǎn)染NC-siRNA組(F=8.6,P< 0.05)。見圖1。在敲降MCF-7細(xì)胞中以DNA polβ-siRNA-2質(zhì)粒的效率最高,采用其進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
2.2?DNA polβ-siRNA對細(xì)胞增殖影響
MTT檢測結(jié)果表明,MCF-7細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染DNApolβ-siRNA質(zhì)粒后, DNA polβ-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖明顯低于NC-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組,兩組比較差異具有顯著性(F=5.8, P< 0.05)。見圖2。
2.3?DNA polβ-siRNA對細(xì)胞侵襲影響
Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)的檢測結(jié)果顯示,乳癌MCF-7細(xì)胞DNA polβ敲降后,DNA polβ-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的侵襲能力明顯低于NC-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組,兩組相比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=5.2,P< 0.05)。見圖3。
3?討?論
乳癌在多個國家中是女性發(fā)病率最高的惡性腫瘤,嚴(yán)重影響女性的身心健康,受到廣泛關(guān)注[9-11]。隨著分子技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,利用基因治療手段治療乳癌受到廣泛關(guān)注,其具有更精準(zhǔn)、快速且無副作用的優(yōu)勢[12-14]。
DNA polβ是DNA聚合酶家族中的重要成員,在DNA堿基切除修復(fù)中起到重要作用[15],該酶與腫瘤的形成密切相關(guān)[16-19]。DNA polβ基因已被證實(shí)與食管癌[20-21]、胃癌[22-23]、眼瞼基底細(xì)胞癌[24]、宮頸癌[25]、乳癌[26-27]等多種癌癥的發(fā)生具有密切關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明,DNA polβ基因在乳癌組織中的表達(dá)明顯高于癌旁組織,在正常的人乳腺上皮細(xì)胞MCF-10A中DNA polβ基因的表達(dá)也明顯低于人乳癌上皮細(xì)胞株MCF-7[28-29],提示DNA polβ基因的表達(dá)上調(diào),有可能是導(dǎo)致乳癌惡性增生的機(jī)制之一[30]。因此,有效干預(yù)DNA polβ過表達(dá),可能對于乳癌的有效防治具有重要理論和實(shí)用意義。
本研究采用RNA干擾技術(shù)抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞中的DNA polβ的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,在抑制DNA polβ的表達(dá)后,MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲能力均受到顯著抑制,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)果相一致。說明DNA polβ可能是參與乳癌發(fā)展過程中重要的因素之一。
綜上所述,DNA polβ基因有可能作為治療乳癌的關(guān)鍵基因靶點(diǎn),本文結(jié)果為乳癌臨床治療的選擇提供新的理論依據(jù)。但是本文具有一定的局限性,DNA polβ在治療乳癌中的應(yīng)用還需要更多的理論研究與臨床試驗(yàn)證明。
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