張智 董桂華 孫迎春
[摘要]目的 分析沈陽(yáng)市流行性腮腺炎流行病學(xué)特征,為制定流行性腮腺炎的有效防制策略提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法 采用描述流行病學(xué)方法對(duì)2014~2018年沈陽(yáng)市流行性腮腺炎疫情資料進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 2014~2018年沈陽(yáng)市共報(bào)告流行性腮腺炎病例4535例,年均報(bào)告發(fā)病率為10.9752/10萬(wàn),2016年發(fā)病率最低為10.0350/10萬(wàn)。流行性腮腺炎病例在時(shí)間上呈雙峰分布,4~7月病例最多(43.93%);城區(qū)、郊區(qū)的發(fā)病率高于農(nóng)村地區(qū);病例中男性多于女性,男女性別比為1.5321∶1;報(bào)告病例年齡分布主要集中在0~14歲,占全部報(bào)告病例的79.18%;主要發(fā)病人群為學(xué)生、幼托兒童和散居兒童,占報(bào)告病例的84.26%。結(jié)論 沈陽(yáng)市2014~2018年流行性腮腺炎發(fā)病率整體呈下降趨勢(shì),2017~2018年疫情出現(xiàn)小幅上升。
[關(guān)鍵詞]流行性腮腺炎;發(fā)病率;流行病學(xué)特征;疾病控制
[中圖分類號(hào)] R373.1+6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)7(c)-0171-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic mumps in Shenyang city, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies of epidemic mumps. Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was conducted to analyze the epidemiological data of epidemic mumps in Shenyang city from 2014 to 2018. Results A total of 4535 cases with epidemic mumps were reported from 2014 to 2018 in Shenyang city, and the average annual incidence rate was 10.9752/100 000. The lowest incidence rate in 2016 was 10.0350/100 000. The epidemic mumps cases showed a double peak distribution in time, with the largest number of cases from April to July (43.93 %). Urban and suburban areas were more affected than rural areas. There were more males than females, with a ratio of 1.5321∶1. The age distribution of reported cases was mainly from 0 to 14 years old, accounting for 79.18% of all reported cases. Students, nursery children and scattered children were the main groups, accounting for 84.26% of the reported cases. Conclusion The overall incidence of mumps in Shenyang city from 2014 to 2018 shows a downward trend, and the epidemic situation increases slightly from 2017 to 2018.
[Key words] Epidemic mumps; Incidence rate; Epidemiological characteristics; Disease control
流行性腮腺炎由腮腺炎病毒感染引起的兒童、青少年常見(jiàn)急性呼吸道傳染病,還可侵犯神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)及各種腺體組織,引起腦膜炎、腦膜腦炎、睪丸炎、卵巢炎和胰腺炎等。2010年沈陽(yáng)市將麻疹-腮腺炎-風(fēng)疹聯(lián)合疫苗(MMR)納入免疫規(guī)劃一類疫苗管理,同年完成2008年以后出生兒童MMR的補(bǔ)種,適齡兒童一劑次MMR疫苗覆蓋率達(dá)到95%以上,對(duì)流行性腮腺炎的預(yù)防控制工作起到了重要作用。但近年流行性腮腺炎發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)上升,為及時(shí)掌握流行性腮腺炎的流行病學(xué)特征,制定有效的防制措施,現(xiàn)對(duì)沈陽(yáng)市2014~2018年的發(fā)病情況進(jìn)行分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
2014~2018年的流行性腮腺炎發(fā)病數(shù)據(jù)和人口數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制信息系統(tǒng)。
1.2統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用描述性流行病學(xué)方法,利用Excel 2010 軟件對(duì)沈陽(yáng)市2014~2018年流行性腮腺炎發(fā)病情況進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 疫情情況
2014~2018年沈陽(yáng)市共累計(jì)報(bào)告流行性腮腺炎4535例,無(wú)死亡病例。其中2014年報(bào)告發(fā)病率最高,2016年最低,2017~2018年發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)上升,5年的平均報(bào)告發(fā)病率為10.9752/10萬(wàn),疫情總體呈下降趨勢(shì)(表1)。