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      離子色譜法檢測土壤中草甘膦

      2019-11-01 01:21:48石丁夫祖艷紅陳瑞瑞杜李繼王凱劉玉軍陳龍勝
      安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 2019年18期
      關(guān)鍵詞:離子色譜法草甘膦土壤

      石丁夫 祖艷紅 陳瑞瑞 杜李繼 王凱 劉玉軍 陳龍勝

      摘要[目的]利用草甘膦易溶于水的特點,建立一種離子色譜法測定土壤樣品中草甘膦殘留量的方法。[方法]結(jié)合影響草甘膦檢測精確度的單因素試驗,確定測定土壤中草甘膦殘留量的最佳離子色譜檢測方法,并對該方法的準(zhǔn)確性和精密度進行驗證。[結(jié)果]測定的草甘膦濃度在0.10~2.00 mg/L線性關(guān)系良好,相關(guān)系數(shù)(r)為0.999 7;其定性檢出限(LOD)和定量檢出限(LOQ)分別為0.05 mg/L(S/N>3)、0.10 mg/L(S/N>10);通過連續(xù)進樣測得其保留時間、峰面積和峰高的相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)分別為0.09%、0.84%和0.50%;在?0.50~2.00 mg/L加標(biāo)范圍內(nèi),土壤中草甘膦的平均回收率為106%~113%。[結(jié)論]相對于常用的液相色譜檢測法,此法無需柱前或柱后衍生、萃取、濃縮等繁瑣步驟,前處理方法簡單高效。該方法的回收率和精密度較好,受其他離子干擾小,且簡單、快速,可滿足對土壤草甘膦殘留檢測的要求。

      關(guān)鍵詞土壤;草甘膦;離子色譜法;檢測

      中圖分類號O?65文獻標(biāo)識碼A

      文章編號0517-6611(2019)18-0209-02

      doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.18.058

      開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID):

      Detection of Glyphosate in Soil by Ion Chromatography

      SHI Ding-fu,ZU Yan-hong,CHEN Rui-rui et al(Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center for Extraction and Isolation of Active Components, Anhui Academy of Science and Technology,Hefei,Anhui 230000)

      Abstract[Objective]Taking the advantage of the characteristics of glyphosate,which was soluble in water,a method for determining the residual amount of glyphosate in soil samples by ion chromatography is established.[Method]Combining the experiments of single factor impacting the accuracy of detecting glyphosate,weve confirmed the best determination of testing glyphosate residues in soil sample,and verified the accuracy and precision of this method.[Result]The experiment got a good linear relationship and a well correlation coefficient (r =0.999 7) in the concentration range of 0.10-2.00 mg/L; the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.05 mg/L (S/N>3) and 0.10 mg/L (S/N>10),respectively; the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of retention time,peak area and peak height measured by continuous sampling was 0.09%,0.84% and 0.50%,respectively; in the concentration range of 0.50-2.00 mg/L,the average recovery rate of glyphosate in soil sample between 106% to 113%.[Conclusion]Compared with the commonly used liquid chromatography method,this method does not require complicated steps such as pre-column or post-column derivatization,extraction,concentration,etc.,and the pretreatment method is simple and efficient.The method has a well recovery yield and good precision,and was hardly influenced by other anions,would satisfy the requirement for glyphosate residue detection in soil sample.

      Key wordsSoil; Glyphosate; Ion chromatography method; Detection

      草甘膦(Glyphosate,N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種廣譜性有機膦除草劑,能有效抑制一年或多年生雜草[1],但由于其對人體和環(huán)境的危害性[2-3],其殘留量的檢測近年來一直是農(nóng)殘檢測的熱點。

      由于草甘膦沸點較高且難溶于常用有機試劑,直接使用氣相色譜法或氣相色譜質(zhì)譜法對草甘膦成分檢測報道較少,往往都是對其酯化或?;允蛊浞悬c降低后再進樣分析[4-5]。目前草甘膦的儀器分析方法主要是液相色譜法,該法雖然檢測靈敏[6-8],但由于化合物結(jié)構(gòu)中無特征的紫外吸收峰[9],其經(jīng)典方法需要使用氯甲酸(9-芴甲基)酯(FMOC-Cl)對其進行柱前[10-13]衍生化后再進行測試;其他定性定量分析方法有紅外光譜法[14]、吸光光度法[15]和化學(xué)發(fā)光法[16]等光譜法,該類方法雖然簡便,但應(yīng)用范圍較窄,易受其他離子干擾。筆者將土壤樣品溶于去離子水中,使用離子色譜來檢測草甘膦含量,以達到簡化樣品提取流程、提高方法檢測靈敏度的目的。

      1材料與方法

      1.1試驗材料和試劑GB/T 6682規(guī)定的一級水。KOH高純度淋洗液,濃度為30 mmol/L。 草甘膦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)(Glyphosate,CAS號:1071-83-6),純度不低于98.0%。草甘膦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲備溶液(ρ=10.00 mg/L):準(zhǔn)確稱取10.0 mg草甘膦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì),溶于適量水中,移入1 000 mL容量瓶中,加水稀釋至刻度,混勻。

      草甘膦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作溶液(ρ=1.00 mg/L):準(zhǔn)確吸取10 mL草甘膦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲備溶液于100 mL容量瓶中,加水稀釋至刻度,混勻。水相濾膜0.22 μm。

      1.2離子色譜測試條件

      ICS-1100離子色譜儀(Thermofisher公司), 配EGC II KOH免試劑淋洗液發(fā)生灌;保護柱:Dionex IonPac AG19,4 mm×50 mm;

      分析柱:Dionex IonPac AS19(C?18柱),4 mm×250 mm; 抑制器:Dionex AERS 500?(4 mm),自循環(huán)抑制模式,電流設(shè)定值為50 mA;檢測器:電導(dǎo)檢測器。

      1.3KOH流動相洗脫程序0~20 min,30 mmol/L,等梯度淋洗。流速1 mL/min;柱溫30 ℃;進樣量25 μL。

      1.4樣品前處理方法將土壤樣品風(fēng)干,過0.25 mm(60目)篩,稱取試樣5.00 g(精確到0.01 g),加20.00 mL水于50 mL離心管中,搖勻,超聲提取30 min,再在4 000 r/min轉(zhuǎn)速下離心10 min,取上層清液,過0.22 μm水相濾膜,按“1.3”KOH流動相洗脫程序進行測定。

      2結(jié)果與分析

      2.1陰離子干擾測試按“1.3” KOH流動相洗脫條件,同時對1.00 mg/L草甘膦和Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-、PO43-幾種土壤中常見陰離子組分進行分離。在30 mmol/L KOH等度淋洗條件下未見干擾,如圖1所示,草甘膦在保留時間約?15 min處出峰,峰形分辨率較好,呈正態(tài)分布,無明顯拖尾,且與其他陰離子保留時間間隔較遠,不受干擾,具有良好的選?擇性。

      2.2重現(xiàn)性

      同時對2.00 mg/L草甘膦與Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-、PO43-等常見陰離子混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液連續(xù)7次進樣測定,考察重復(fù)性,結(jié)果顯示,草甘膦的保留時間的相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)為0.09%,峰面積的RSD為0.84%,峰高的RSD為?0.50%,通過對樣品連續(xù)進樣表明在該方法下對樣品中草甘膦含量測定的保留時間、峰面積以及峰高均可保持較好的重復(fù)性。同條件下Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-、PO43-等陰離子保留時間的RSD分別為0.03%、0.02%、0.03%、0.02%、0.08%,峰面積的RSD分別為 0.59%、0.19%、1.04%、0.99%、0.55%,峰高的RSD分別為0.16%、0.13%、0.31%、0.35%、0.16%,均具有良好的重現(xiàn)性。

      2.3線性關(guān)系與檢測限

      在“1.3”KOH流動相洗脫程序下,分別配制濃度為0.10、0.20、0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/L的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液,并以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的質(zhì)量濃度為橫坐標(biāo)、相應(yīng)的峰面積為縱坐標(biāo)繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,如圖2所示,在該范圍內(nèi),草甘膦的線性

      關(guān)系良好,其線性方程為y=0.0593x-0.0017(r=0.9997)。

      土壤試樣中草甘膦含量測定的最低定性檢測限為0.05 mg/L(S/N>3);其最低定量檢測限為0.10 mg/L(S/N>10)。

      2.4加標(biāo)回收

      在已知含量的土壤樣品溶液中,分別加入?0.50、0.80、1.00、1.50、2.00 mg/L的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液,按“1.3”KOH流動相洗脫程序進行了加標(biāo)回收試驗,其回收率計算結(jié)果如表1所示,草甘膦加標(biāo)回收率為104.7%~112.5%。

      3結(jié)論

      土壤中殘留的草甘膦用去離子水提取后,經(jīng)0.22 μm水相濾膜過濾即可使用離子色譜進樣檢測,前處理簡單高效。該方法使用AS19陰離子柱分析,使用KOH作為淋洗液等梯度淋洗,電導(dǎo)檢測器檢測,能夠?qū)⒉莞熟⑼寥乐卸喾N常見無機陰離子有效區(qū)分開,不受干擾,且重現(xiàn)性和線性關(guān)系均良好,檢出限和回收率較高,為簡化土壤中草甘膦定性和定量檢測方法提供參考。

      參考文獻

      [1]GOLDSTEIN D A,ACQUAVELLA J F,MANNION R M,et al.An analysis of glyphosate data from the California Environmental Protection Agency Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program[J].J Toxicol Clin Toxicol,2002,40(7):885-892.

      [2]MALLAT E,BARCEL D.Analysis and degradation study of glyphosate and of aminomethylphosphonic acid in natural waters by means of polymeric and ion-exchange solid-phase extraction columns followed by ion chromatography-post-column derivatization with fluorescence detection[J].J Chromatogr A,1998,823(1/2):129-136.

      [3]NEISZ D.Guide to crop protection[M].Canada:Publications Saskatchewan,2019:235-241.

      [4]HORI Y,F(xiàn)UJISAWA M,SHIMADA K,et al.Determination of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite in biological specimens by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.A case of poisoning by roundup herbicide[J].J Anal Toxicol,2003,27(3):162-166.

      [5]STALIKAS C D,KONIDARI C N.Analytical methods to determine phosphonic and amino acid group-containing pesticides[J].J Chromatogr A,2001,907(1/2):1-19.

      [6]SI Y B,SANG Z Y,CHENG F X.Determination of glyphosate in soil by high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride[J].Chin J Anhui Agric Univ,2009,36(1):136-139.

      [7]FANG F,XU H,WEI R Q,et al.Determination of glyphosate by high performance liquid chromatography with onotrobenzenesulfonyl chlride as derivatization reagen[J].Chin J Instrum Anal,2011,30(6):683-686.

      [8]FANG F,WEI R Q,LIU X N.Determination of glyphosate by HPLC with a novel pre-column derivatization reagent[J].Chin J Bioprocess Eng,2014,12(3):69-73.

      [9]KHROLENKO M V,WIECZOREK P P.Determination of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in fruit juices using supported-liquid membrane preconcentration method with high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection after derivatization with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride[J].J Chromatogr A,2005,1093(1/2):111-117.

      [10]PAN X P,LOU J J.Research progress on the detection method of glyphosate residue[J].Chin J Hangzhou Univ,2011,10(6):506-509.

      [11]LI J P,LIANG Z H.Determination of glyphosate in water by high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization[J].Chin J Environ Health,2012,29(1):73-74.

      [12]KIM M,STRIPEIKIS J,I?N~N F,et al.A simplified approach to the determination of N-nitroso glyphosate in technical glyphosate using HPLC with post-derivatization and colorimetric detection[J].Talanta,2007,72(3):1054-1058.

      [13]QIAN K,TANG T,SHI T,et al.Residue determination of glyphosate in environmental water samples with high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection after derivatization with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride[J].Anal Chim Acta,2009,635(2):222-236.

      [14]UNDABEYTIA T,MORILLO E,MAQUEDA C.FTIR study of glyphosate-copper complexes[J].J Agric Food Chem,2002,50(7):1918-1921.

      [15]SUN N,HU B X,MO W M.Single sweep oscillopolarographic technique for the determination of glyphosate after derivatization[J].Agrochemicals,2007,46(9):609-611.

      [16]ADCOCK J L,BARNETT N W,GERARDI R D,et al.Determination of glyphosate mono-isopropylamine salt in process samples using flow injection analysis with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence detection[J].Talanta,2004,64(2):534-537.

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