閱讀理解題的設(shè)題可歸納為以下四大題型：1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題;2. 猜測詞義題;3. 推理判斷題;4. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)閱讀理解題考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解題技巧來應(yīng)付。本期筆者就推理判斷題談一些應(yīng)試技巧。

推理判斷題分類：推理判斷的題目中常含有infer， imply等詞。

1. 推斷隱含意義

It can be inferred from the text that .

The story indicates that .

標(biāo)志性詞語：infer， indicate， suggest， imply， conclude...

2. 推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

What does the author think of ？

Whats the authors attitude toward ？

In the authors opinion， .

標(biāo)志性詞語：according to the writer， attitude， think， opinion， consider...

3. 推斷寫作目的

What is the authors main purpose in this passage？

In the passage the author wants to tell.

The article is intended to .

標(biāo)志性詞語：purpose， intend to， show， want...

4. 推斷文章出處

Where would this passage most probably appear？

The passage is most likely a part of .

標(biāo)志性詞語：be taken from， appear， a part of， be taken out of ...

5. 推斷人物的觀點(diǎn)、情感、品性

Sb. thinks that .

What do we know / learn about sb. in the text？

How did... feel about...？

標(biāo)志性詞語：attitude， learn from， know from， feel about ...

6. 推斷讀者對象或文章的作者

Who probably wrote the letter？

Who is the passage written for？

Who are the intended readers of the passage？

標(biāo)志性詞語：the intended reader， writer， author...

7. 推斷作者的情感

How does the author feel about ？

The writer probably feels that .

標(biāo)志性詞語：feel， feel about...

干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1. 將文章中的已知信息作為干擾項(xiàng);2. 將不符合事實(shí)、邏輯的判斷推理結(jié)果作為干擾項(xiàng)。

解題方法：1. 判斷推理要以文中事實(shí)為依據(jù);2. 不能將文中已經(jīng)闡明的事實(shí)作為自己的推斷;3. 杜絕僅憑個人的看法主觀臆斷。

技巧：找出作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)，解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。 如：

1. This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was， and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough childfree time to work. Later， when my mother is in the bathroom， I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough， on the back of the smallest one， are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years， rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard， invisible （看不到的） exhibits at every meal.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A. The mother is successful in her career.

B. The family members like traveling.

C. The author had little time to play when young.

D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.

答案：A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was， and is also a gifted mathematician. 推斷。

2. Duret， an engineer on vacation， was walking with his girlfriend along the pier （碼頭） when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll， but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant， he took off his coat and jumped into the water.

Why was Duret in New York？

A. To meet his girlfriend.

B. To work as an engineer.

C. To spend his holiday.

D. To visit the Andersons.

答案：C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五自然段的首句可知本題選C。

3. Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her， said Duret， who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after.

The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didnt realize his tale of heroism he was leaving the next morning .

When was duret most probably found to be the very hero？

A. The day when he was leaving for home.

B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued.

C. The first day when he was in New York.

D. The same day when he was interviewed.

答案：B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二自然段可以推斷出本題選B。

不管怎么考，萬變不離其宗，解題時你會覺得胸有成竹，一分不失，下面的題目你也來試試吧。

小試牛刀

1. Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed， the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.

What might be the cause of the childrens sickness？

A. The crops didnt do well.

B. There were too many insects.

C. The visits brought in diseases.

D. The pesticides were overused.

2. Now， the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.

What can we infer from the last sentence of the text？

A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.

B. Health is more important than money.

C. The harmony between man and nature is important.

D. Good old day will never be forgotten.

3. In the California study， children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.

While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores， it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms.

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？

A. More time should be spent on computers.

B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.

C. IV sets shouldnt be allowed in childrens bedrooms.

D. Further studies on highachieving students should be done.

4. Human beings， as biologists have suggested， possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However， people， especially in big cities， often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren， it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology， a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants， insects， birds， and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction （交互） with the world around us， and sometimes even with our families and friends， we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.

What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3？

A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.

B. The world around us could serve as a source of wonder.

C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.

D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.

5. The chainlink fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder， though， what changes another drought would make in the way things are today.

The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came，.

A. the situation would be much worse

B. people would have to desert their homes

C. the city would be fully prepared in advance

D. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood

參考答案及解析

1. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed， the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. 可以推斷出莊稼收成不好、孩子生病與青蛙減少、害蟲增多有關(guān)。

2. C。推理判斷題。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 現(xiàn)在夜晚的這些聲音具有更深刻的意義。該句是一個總結(jié)句，說明人們過度捕殺造成生態(tài)失衡，由此也影響了人類，因此，可以推斷人與自然的和諧是多么的重要。

3. C。推理判斷題。注意最后一段開頭的while是“盡管”的意思，所以這兩段都是圍繞兒童臥室不應(yīng)該放電視機(jī)的問題。

4. B。推理判斷題。Without modern technology， a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants， insects， birds， and animals. 這句話告訴我們，如果沒有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，即使一個小小的池塘也能成為一個令人驚異的世界。從而我們可以推測出我們現(xiàn)實(shí)世界也是很美麗的，也是一切奇跡產(chǎn)生的根源。

5. A。推理判斷題。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的變化，變得更加擁擠了。從而作者有了另一種思考：如果再來一次干旱，是否會造成如這次干旱一樣的一些變化。從而可推測作者是隱射環(huán)境會變得更加糟糕。

（作者：毛春霞，江蘇省泰州市第三高級中學(xué)）