董立國
摘 要:為了研究滴灌措施下干旱地區(qū)防護林內(nèi)土壤鹽分的變化情況,選擇建平地區(qū)常見的荒山綠化樹種——沙棘作為研究對象,開展了滴灌與不滴灌、不同滴灌年限處理下的土壤鹽分含量研究,結(jié)果表明,滴灌處理可以明顯降低淺層土壤中的鹽分含量,不灌溉林地處理下土壤鹽分變化情況與流動沙丘的對照處理趨于一致,但是后者鹽分空間分布的異質(zhì)性程度更強;滴灌后1~3年,隨著年限的增加,同土層中鹽分含量逐漸降低,根系生物量干重逐漸增加,且根系分布情況上移,主要集中在0~60 cm的土層中。由此可知,滴灌對淺層土的洗鹽效果較好,但是滴灌時間長了根系有向淺層土層集中的趨勢,建議每年大水漫灌1次,以有利于根系的下扎。
關(guān)鍵詞:滴灌;沙棘;鹽分;根系生物量
中圖分類號:S753.5 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-3020(2020)02-0023-03
Study on Soil Salinity Changes of Hippophae rhamnoides Forest under Different Drip Irrigation
Dong Liguo
(Baishan Forest Farm of Jianping County Chaoyang 122406)
Abstract:In order to study the changes of soil salinity in protective forests in arid areas under drip irrigation,Hippophae rhamnoides,a common barren hill tree species in Chaoyang area,was selected as the research object. The soil salt content under drip irrigation and non-drip irrigation and different drip irrigation years were studied. The results showed that drip irrigation treatment could significantly reduce the salt content in shallow soil. The change of soil salinity under the treatment of non-irrigated forest land was consistent with the control treatment of mobile sand dune,but the spatial distribution of salt content in the latter was more heterogeneous;After 1~3 years,with the increase of years,the salt content in the same soil layer gradually decreased,the dry weight of root biomass increased gradually,and the root distribution increased,mainly concentrated in the 0~60 cm soil layer. It can be seen that drip irrigation has a good effect on salt washing in shallow soil,but the drip irrigation time has a tendency to concentrate the shallow soil layer. It is recommended to flood the water once a year to facilitate the lowering of the root system.
Key words:drip irrigation;Hippophae rhamnoides;salt;root biomass
沙棘屬于多年生雌雄異株落葉小喬木、灌木,又被稱為酸刺、酸柳等,其根系非常發(fā)達,耐干旱、寒冷等的能力強,耐土壤瘠薄的生態(tài)環(huán)境,生長速度快,可快速成林,在生態(tài)林建設(shè)中的作用明顯,可有效減緩?fù)寥赖纳衬?,是阜新等干旱地區(qū)荒山綠化的先鋒樹種之一[1]。建平縣地處遼寧省的西部地區(qū),境內(nèi)氣候干燥、多風(fēng),導(dǎo)致頻繁發(fā)生干旱,平均2年左右發(fā)生1次干旱,嚴重干旱災(zāi)害的發(fā)生周期不到3年,對當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴重的破壞,土壤的沙化現(xiàn)象明顯,土壤鹽漬化程度逐年加重。當(dāng)前水資源是限制干旱地區(qū)植被生長的主要因子,推廣合理的灌溉方式是實現(xiàn)干旱地區(qū)有限水資源的高效利用、降低土壤鹽漬化危害的重要途徑[2]。滴灌是一種節(jié)約水資源的灌溉技術(shù),目前國內(nèi)滴灌技術(shù)在園藝、蔬菜栽植中的應(yīng)用比較多[3],在林業(yè)上的應(yīng)用目前主要在經(jīng)濟林上,而在沙地防護林的應(yīng)用相對較少[4]。為了研究建平地區(qū)滴灌技術(shù)在沙棘防護林中應(yīng)用后土壤鹽分變化情況,特開展了此研究,以期為干旱天氣頻發(fā)的建平地區(qū)防護林的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供指導(dǎo)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗地情況
試驗安排在建平縣某沙棘防護林內(nèi)進行,原來為半流動式沙丘,植被覆蓋度在3%~5%,2016年4月開墾后栽植沙棘防護林。試驗地年降水量平均380 mm左右,最低降水量僅為200 mm,風(fēng)沙大,冬季嚴寒少雪,夏季炎熱,常發(fā)生干旱[5]。
1.2 試驗材料
供試沙棘品種為扁優(yōu),1 a生,來源于縣內(nèi)某苗圃;試驗材料包括滴灌設(shè)備、電導(dǎo)率儀、取樣工具、電子天平等。